Hello, my name is Mrs. Bishop and welcome to today's lesson.

I will be your design and technology teacher for today.

I hope you are in a nice, calm and quiet place that we can begin.

This is lesson eight of 10 in our unit electronics, simple circuits and switches.

In today's lesson we will be using learning from science to help us design and make electrical products.

Let's begin.

In this lesson you will need an exercise book or some paper.

You will need a pencil to write and draw with and a ruler to measure.

You may also need some other equipment today.

You may need some modelling materials, a computer or a tablet and you may also need some electrical components.

Today I hope that you've started by completing your intro quiz.

Well done if you have, if you haven't, you could pause the video now, go and get that tackled.

First today, we are going to look at scientific symbols.

After after that we shall be looking at drawing a scientific circuit.

Then we're going to continue making our nightlight today.

And finally today, I would like you to complete your exit quiz.

Before we begin today's lesson there are some key words that might come in useful throughout this lesson.

I will say each word and I would like you to repeat it after me.

Then I will read the definition of the word.

The first word is prototype.

Can you say prototype? Prototype is an early sample, model or release of a product built to test a concept or a process.

And we're making and designing prototypes of nightlights.

Next word is symbol.

Can we say the word symbol? Symbol is a mark used to simply represent an object.

Our next word is pros.

Can we say the word pros? Pros are the good or positive points about a product.

Our next word is cons.

Can you say the word cons? Cons are the bad or negative points about a product.

Let's think back to what we're designing and making.

Over the course of this unit we have been designing and making a nightlight and here are some examples of other nightlights that are available to buy.

I wonder what sort of nightlight you are designing and making? Who is your user and what is the purpose of your nightlight? Pause the video now to refresh your memory.

Welcome back.

Did you remember that we've learned lots of things before.

Did you know that in this unit we will be designing and making a battery operated nightlight? So far we've looked at electrical safety and how to stay safe around electrical products.

We've learned what the inputs and outputs are on common electrical products in our home.

We've developed a design criteria so that we can make sure that our nightlight meets the needs of our users.

And we have sketched electrical circuits using CAD and computers simulations.

We've begun to generate and collect ideas for our design of our nightlights.

Let's begin today by looking at scientific symbols.

In a moment I'm going to show you some scientific symbols and I want you to look at them and think what do you notice about them? What do you think they represent? Let's look at them together.

Here they are.

So what are they? What do you think they represent? Why might a scientist use these circuit symbols? Well, a scientist might use scientific symbols for electrical components and each different symbol represents a different electrical component.

A scientist might use these because they convey in simple terms what an electrical component does.

They might not look like what the electrical component looks like but they show in simple terms what it actually does.

They're actually very quick to draw and they're very easy to recognise too.

And they're understood in any language.

And that's why scientists might decide to use them.

Perhaps you've seen some of these symbols too before.

In today's lesson, we will learn more about them and draw our own circuit using electrical scientific symbols.

This is the first scientific symbol.

What do you think that could be used to represent? That's right.

This is representing a bulb.

Now I want you to pause the video and draw the bulb using a ruler and a pencil.

Welcome back.

Have you drawn your bulb? Great, let's look at the next circuit symbol.

What do you think this circuit symbol could represent? That's right.

It represents a wire.

I want you to pause the video and use a ruler and pencil to draw and label the wire.

Welcome back.

Let's look at the next circuit symbol.

What do you think this circuit symbol could represent? That's right.

It represents an open switch.

By using a pencil and a ruler I want you to pause the video to draw and label an open switch.

Welcome back.

Let's look at the next one.

What do you think this circuit symbol could represent? That's right, this is a closed switch.

By using a pencil and a ruler again, pause the video to draw an example of a closed switch and make sure you label it.

Welcome back.

Let's look at the next circuit symbol.

What could this be? This is a push to break switch.

I want you to pause the video now to draw that circuit symbol.

Welcome back.

Let's look at our next circuit symbol.

What could this circuit symbol represent? That's right.

It represents a push to make switch.

And I want you to pause the video now to draw that switch.

What could this represent? Let's see, this represents a cell which is a type of power source.

Again, I want you to use a ruler and a pencil to draw that circuit symbol.

Welcome back.

Let's look at the next one together.

What could this circuit symbol represent? This circuit symbol represents a battery.

Again, I would like you to use a ruler and a pencil to draw this circuit symbol.

Make sure you label it with the name battery.

Pause the video now to complete that task.

Welcome back.

What do you think this circuit symbol could represent? That's right.

It represents a motor.

Now I want you to pause the video to draw that circuit symbol.

Welcome back.

Let's look at one final one together.

What do you think this circuit symbol could represent? It's an output device and it is a buzzer which outputs sound.

Pause the video now to draw that buzzer.

Welcome back.

Well done for drawing each electrical component as a circuit symbol.

I'm going to show you what I have done now.

I've got all my different circuits symbols and I have drawn each one and labelled each one too.

I hope you have something similar.

And we're going to use this information today to draw an electrical circuit.

But before we do that I wonder if you can remember everything you've learned today.

Can you pause the video and try and match each symbol with the electrical component.

Welcome back.

Let's see then.

Let's see how you got on matching the symbol with the correct electric component.

This first one, what does it represent? That's right.

It's the symbol for a battery.

What about the second symbol.

What one does that link up to? That's right, it's the electrical circuit symbol for a light bulb.

And finally the last symbol.

What electrical component does it match to? That's right, it matches to the switch.

Well done.

We can use these symbols to draw a scientific circuit.

And we have been designing and making a simple series circuit within our lessons.

And we can represent this simple series circuit using the scientific circuit symbols that we've learned about so far today.

So let's look at some examples together.

This is my first example.

A scientific electrical circuit.

Can you see that I have included my power source, which is a battery.

Then I have linked it up to a closed switch.

Then I have linked that up to my light bulb.

And then I have connected the light bulb all the way back around to the other side of the battery.

It's very important I do this, that I have one complete circuit or the electricity can't flow.

Let's look at another example.

This is my second example.

What do you notice about this circuit diagram? That's right.

It's very similar to the one I had before.

This time again, you can see the battery and a switch and a light bulb and they are all connected up together creating one complete circuit.

But in this case, the light bulb can not light up.

Why do you think that might be? That's right, there is a break in the circuit because I've used an open switch.

The only way for electric current to flow in this circuit is when I close that switch.

Let's look at another example.

Now, what do you notice about this example? Again, I have used a battery as my power source and I've connected it up with lots of wire, closed switch and a light bulb.

This time, the switch is closed so electricity can flow through that component to the light bulb letting it light up.

However, can you see that after the light bulb there is a break in my circuit where I did not have enough wire to connect up the negative side of the battery to the other side of the bulb.

So I need to make sure that I have no breaks in my circuit diagram because if I do electricity cannot flow.

Now I want you to pause the video to complete your task.

I want you to draw a circuit using the circuit symbols that we have learned about in this lesson so far.

It should be a simple series circuit and it should include a battery, switch and a bulb.

And try and draw it this time using circuit symbols.

Resume the video once you've finished your task.

Welcome back.

Here's an example answer of what you might've drawn today.

Well done for completing that task.

Now we can move on and continue to make our nightlight today.

We might choose to use a range of different materials to design and make our nightlight.

And here are some that I'm displaying to you.

Pause the video now and have a think about what you want to use in your nightlight design.

Welcome back.

Remember to choose materials that best fit your user's needs and the purposes of your nightlight.

You might also decide today that you could use CAD or computer simulations.

And this is useful because sometimes, as designers, we do not have necessary materials nearby to make our prototype.

This will provide us with a professional prototype design that can be easily shared with our end-users or clients.

That's an option you could choose today.

You might also use some electric components today in your nightlight.

So pause the video now and think what you might need to use for your nightlight design.

Welcome back.

Remember to use electrical items safely and under the supervision of an adult.

Maybe today, you might think about what type of light you will use.

So you could choose between a light bulb and an LED.

But I wonder, which one is going to be best for your nightlight prototype.

Here are some pros and cons to both.

For a bulb you have some pros such as that it provides a very bright light but some cons is that there's only one colour option with a bulb and that is white.

With an LED you also have some pros and cons.

The pros are that there's a great range of colour options that you can choose from.

LEDs also generate very little heat making them very safe for younger users.

There are also some cons though to LEDs.

They are not as bright as bulbs and you need to use more of them to provide a really bright light.

So you have to think about your user and the function of your nightlight.

Which will be best for your design? Today I also want you to think about what type of switch you might use in your nightlight design and consider your user as you choose your switch today.

Which switch is going to be easiest and safest for your user to use.

Will that be one of the switches we made within the last lesson? Such as our simple toggle switch.

Or will it be our push-to-make switches you can see here that I made with the cardboard and the foil.

Will it be another type toggle switch or maybe it's going to be a slider switch.

Think about which switch is going to work best in your design and which one will make it easiest for your user to use.

Now I want you to choose materials and components for electrical products.

I want for you to look carefully at the ideas you've generated in previous lessons.

Think about what type of materials you will need to make your nightlight prototype or model.

Think about what electrical components you will need to light it up.

I want you just look back at your design specification that you've done before and the ideas that you've gathered in previous lessons.

Model the next steps that you need to take to make or design your nightlight.

Make sure you test and evaluate your nightlight as you work today.

I want you to know you could pause the video to complete your task.

I want you to spend the rest of this class time designing and making and evaluating a prototype nightlight.

Work in a way that best suits you and experiment with different materials, techniques and ideas to create a nightlight that meets your design criteria that will be best suited for your user's needs or the function of your nightlight.

Resume the video when you've finished your task.

Welcome back.

Can you show me what you've done today? Wow, you've made absolutely brilliant progress with your nightlight today.

I cannot wait to see the finished result.

Don't worry if you came across some problems today that is the whole purpose of this making of a prototype.

We can make many different prototypes and test and evaluate them until we get the absolute best nightlight.

Now, if you'd like to you could share the work that you've done today with Oak National.

You have to ask a parent or carer to share your work on Twitter, tagging @OakNational and #LearnwithOak.

I know I would absolutely love to see your prototypes today.

In the meantime, I would love you to stay happy and safe and I look forward to seeing you again soon.

Goodbye for now.