- Hello, my name is Mrs. Bishop.

What's your name? Oh, I feel like we're getting to know each other really well.

I am a Design and Technology teacher.

I live near London but originally from Northern Ireland.

I'm looking forward to teaching you some lesson.

Hello, welcome to our first lesson in the unit.

Keep it safe: shell, solid and combination structures.

I hope you're excited to get started.

Today we will start by investigating shell structures.

In this lesson, you will need clean and empty food containers.

In this lesson, we will begin by looking at the purposes of shell structures.

After that, we are going to be looking at the materials used in shell structures.

Next, we will look at how shell structures are constructed.

And, we will look at the shape used in shell structures.

And finally, we will carry out our own investigation into shell structures.

Today, we have some keywords.

I will say the keyword for you and then, I would like you to repeat it.

Then, I will read the definition.

First, we have structure.

This is an object constructed in several part.

Next, we have shell structure.

This is a hollow structure with a thin, strong outer coating.

Next, we have corrugated.

This is a material shaped into a series of ridges to give extra rigidity and strength.

Next, we have ribbed.

This is a material shaped into a series of parallel ribs to strengthen it.

Next, we have laminated.

This means to overlay paper with a layer of plastic or other protective material.

Next, we have cuboid.

This is a 3D shape which has six rectangular faces at right angles to each other.

Next, we have prism.

This is a 3D shape which has two similar or equal ends.

And finally, we have cylinder.

This is a 3D shape with straight parallel sides and a circular cross section.

We will begin our lesson now by considering this question: What is the purpose of a shell structure? I would like you to pause the video now and think about this question.

Welcome back.

Well, what did you think? What is the purpose of a shell structure? Let's have a look at these images together.

What do you think all these images have in common? Pause the video now and have a think.

Welcome back.

Well, what did you think? Can you see the three images on your screen? Can you see the Sydney Opera House, the tent, and also the egg carton? What do you think are all of these images have in common? That's right.

They are all types of structures and one of them is a shell structure.

So, what is a shell structure? Well, let's look at it together.

Shell structure is a hollow structure with a thin outer covering.

It holds itself up.

It is usually made from one material.

Sometimes, it protects something inside of it, or sometimes it may contain something else inside.

I would like you to do now, is go on a shell structures.

Hunt around your home.

Make sure you are supervised by an adult.

I would like you to see how many different shell structures you can find.

Pause the video now.

Hello, again.

How many shell structures did you find? Did you find a cereal boxes? Did you find some toothpaste boxes, or did you find some gift boxes? Perhaps, you find some other containers.

You find some disposable lunch boxes? Or you find some party boxes.

Maybe you find some keepsake boxes.

Perhaps, you've find some other types of packaging boxes.

Shout that out to the screen now.

Oh, very good.

Let's see what we're going to do next.

Next, we're going to look at what materials are used to make the shell structures.

Look at the shell structures that you find.

What materials are used to make them? Pause the video now and have a think.

Welcome back.

Well, what materials were used to make your shell structures? Here's a statement: Most of the shell structures I found are made from cardboard.

Was that true? Or was that false? Ah, very interesting.

No, shell structures can actually be made using a range of different materials that could be made from cardboard, or plastic, or metal, or fabric.

I want you to have a look at the questions on this slide.

You may pause the video now to read them.

Now that you've read the questions, I will read them to you as well.

Then, I would like you to have a think about the question.

Cardboard, is this material easily recyclable? Pause the video now and have a think.

Plastic, what are the advantages and disadvantages of this material? Pause the video now and have a think.

Metal, is this material suitable for shell structures? Pause the video now and have a think.

Fabric, why might fabric be a material used for shell structures? Pause the video now and have a think.

Well, cardboard isn't easily recyclable material, isn't it? We often recycle it at home, don't we? Plastic may have advantages and that it is hard and strong, and easy to clean, and also waterproof, so, it might make a good shell structure.

There are some disadvantages in that.

Sometimes, it can be harmful to the environment.

Better use a hard and solid material that can be made into shell structures.

These shell structures that are made from metal are very durable and can make products that can last a long time.

Next thing we're going to look at is: How are shell structures constructed? Pause the video now and have a think.

Well, what did you think? How are they constructed? Let's have a look at it together.

Now for this part of the lesson, I want you to look carefully at cardboard shell structures you have find.

I want you to think about how these have been made.

Can you see how they have been made? Can you see that the structures have been designed from one flat piece of cardboard called a net.

Can you see if the shell structures have been folded? They have been folded to create a 3D shape.

Sometimes, shell structures need to be strengthened especially ones made from cardboard.

The cardboard shell structures that we have find need to be strengthened in some way.

This is because cardboard by itself is not a strong material.

So, how have the shell structures being strengthened? Well, there's a few different ways to strengthen cardboard shell structures.

The first way is to use corrugated card and it looks like this.

Is any of the shell structures you found use this type of cardboard? Can you see that in the cardboard there is ridges inside of two thin coating layers? This helps to make the cardboard more rigid and strong.

So it is better able to protect the things inside the structure.

The next type of card we might explain is ribbed card.

This is an image of ribbed card.

Does any of the structures you find used ribbed card? And you see, that the card has a series of parallel lines on it.

This helps to strengthen the card, making it more rigid and better able to protect objects or products that are placed inside of this type of structure.

The next one is laminated card.

This is an example of laminated card.

This card is coated with the type of plastic.

This protects the card and makes it stronger.

Now, we're going to look at what are the shapes of shell structures.

Pause the video and have a think.

Welcome back.

What shape did you see in your shell structures? I wonder if you saw any of these shapes.

The first shape that I saw in some of the shell structures that I found was cuboids.

A cuboid is a shape with six faces.

They are at right angles to each other.

A special type of a cuboid is called a cube, that is when all six faces are equal squares.

The next type of shape, I think, was prism.

And, here's an example of a prism.

This example is a triangular prism.

And I also say cylinders are shape with two circular end and parallel side.

What shapes did you find? Now, I will going to move on to our investigation.

This lesson includes taking apart some of the shell structures you have found.

Please make sure that you are supervised by an adult.

As we take apart the shell structure, I want you to think about the different parts of a net including all the tabs that you can see.

Let's look at this together.

Here, you can see the shell structure that I find.

I'm showing you the end of it and the other end.

And now, I'm going to begin to take it apart.

So very carefully, I'm going to pull apart the part that I can see, where it has been glued together.

Here we go.

I'm going to unfold it.

Now, I can have a look at it.

Oh, look, this is called my net.

Now, I can see that these are the tabs.

There's some over here too.

This is the front of my shell structure, and I wonder what's on each of these different panels.

I guess it's the top and the bottom, and one, two, three, four rectangular pieces.

Mostly sped.

Oh, this is the tab where it was stuck together.

I'm going to make my shell structure back into the cuboid again, by just putting it all back together just to show you.

There we go.

And, I can see here it is.

This was my original shell structure with the top and the bottom.

Today, I would like you to investigate shell structures.

With an adult supervision, I would like you to take apart one of the shell structures that you found.

As you do this, think about the different parts of a net including the tab you can see.

How are different pieces of the package arranged on the net? I would like you to pause the video now, and go, and complete your task.

Well done.

I hope you enjoy learning about shell structures today.

Did you enjoy taking apart the structure and seeing all the different parts of the net? I hope that you have.

I look forward to seeing you in our next lesson.

Goodbye, for now.