Lesson video

Hello, my name's Mrs. Taylor, and I'm so pleased you can join me today.

Our lesson today is "Plan Manufacture Using Orthographic Projection: Polymers and Timbers," and this is part of the "Iterative Design: Nature" unit.

We have five keywords.

Orthographic, represents a 3D object in 2D where views are projected from the object's surfaces.

Third angle, a type of orthographic drawing.

Construction lines, guidelines used in drawings.

Dimensions, numerical values that specify the size.

Scale, a ratio of full size.

The outcome, "I can prepare an orthographic projection of my design." And we have two learning cycles today, planning an orthographic projection and creating an orthographic projection.

Let's get started.

An orthographic projection represents a three-dimensional object in two dimensions.

Views, such as front and side, are projected perpendicular to the object's surfaces.

They are sent from a designer to a manufacturer to enable them to manufacture the product or component on the drawing.

Orthographic projections are completed before the manufacture.

Let's have a check.

An orthographic projection represents, A, a 3D object in 3D, B, a 2D object in 3D, or C, a 3D object in 2D.

Pause the video and have a go.

Fantastic, let's check.

That's right.

It's C, a 3D object in 2D.

Here is an example of an orthographic projection.

Orthographic projections can be in the first or third angle.

The positions of the views in the drawing are dictated by the angle.

Third-angle projection aligns more naturally with how objects are observed in real life.

Here we have a symbol for the third-angle projection.

Please note the centre line.

Here we have a check.

Identify what is missing from the third-angle projection symbol.

Pause the video and have a go.

Fantastic, let's check.

That's right.

It's the vertical centre line.

The arrangement of the projections are shown below.

The front is at the bottom left, the plan directly above it, and the side directly beside it.

We also add an isometric drawing.

The distance between the front and plan projections should equal the distance between the front and side.

There are different line types on orthographic projection, a solid black line for outlines, construction lines in grey or faint pencil.

Hidden details are a dashed line that is equal sized dash and spaces.

Dimensions are an arrow at each end of a solid line, and a centre line is an long and short dashed line.

Construction lines are guidelines that help create projections, centre lines to indicate the centre of holes and symmetrical objects.

Dimension lines aligns with arrow heads and a numerical value that specifies size.

Hidden detail are dash lines that are not visible from the current viewpoint, and outlines to represent the visible edges and boundaries.

Here we have a check.

Draw the different lines used on an orthographic projection.

Pause the video and have a go.

Fantastic, let's see how you got on.

Outlines, solid black lines, construction lines, either grey or faint pencil.

Hidden details, dashed lines with equal spaced dashes.

Dimension, dimension arrow is a solid line with an arrow at each end, and a centre line is a long and short alternate dashed line.

Well done.

Orthographic projections are created using a scale, and this will be recorded on the drawing.

A scale is the ratio between the dimensions of a drawing or model and the actual dimensions of the object it represents.

Reduced scales like 1:2 or 1:5 are most likely to be used, meaning the drawing is smaller than the real object.

Dimensions are numerical values that specify the sizes in the drawing.

They are written once on the page, and all dimensions are in millimetres.

A dimension arrow is used, and the measurement is written above and in the centre of the line.

For example, the symbol for a diameter dimension is a circle with a diagonal line through it.

Task A, label the following on the drawing, the projection names, the different line types, the third-angle projection symbol, a dimension, and the scale.

Pause the video.

Have a go.

Fantastic, let's have a look at some of the answers you may have come up with.

First of all, we have the isometric drawing top right.

The plan view is top left, the front view, bottom left, and the side view to the side of the front.

We can see a dimension line at the top, 250, with an arrow each end of the line.

The construction lines are the grey lines.

Centre lines are long and short dash lines, hidden detail, equal sized dash lines.

The scale is 1:2, and the third angle projection symbol is bottom right.

Well done.

We now move on to our second learning cycle, creating an orthographic projection.

Here is a design for a planter in an isometric view.

To create an orthographic projection, start by obtaining a sketch of the front projection and applying a suitable scale.

A suitable scale for this planter would be 1:10.

The arrows highlight the different projections used to create the orthographic drawing, the front, the plan, and the side view.

Align the front projection in the bottom left corner.

Add construction lines that support creating the plan and side projections.

Let's have a check.

Identify the name of the view and projection for the design below.

Pause the video and have a go.

Fantastic, let's look.

The view is isometric, and the projection is the plan.

Well done.

Sketch on the plan and side projections, applying scale.

Let's have another check.

What is the name of the lines that support creating different projections? Is it A, dimension, B, hidden detail, C, construction, or D, outlines? Pause the video and have a go.

Fantastic, let's check.

That's right.

They are construction lines.

Add lines for hidden details, centre, and dimension lines, and dimension values to the relevant parts.

Extension lines can be added to show dimension extents.

For example, an isometric view of the product is added.

Construction lines can now be removed.

To finish the orthographic projection, a title block is added.

This contains details about the drawing like below, who created the drawing and the date, the fact that all the dimensions are in millimetres.

We have a projection symbol, which shows third-angle orthographic projection.

The scale is 1:10 in this example.

The drawing number is 001, the company, and the signature of the creator.

Here's an example of a final orthographic projection.

Task B, create an orthographic projection for a design idea inspired by nature.

Use the success criteria.

Use an isometric sketch to create a front projection whilst applying a suitable scale.

Add construction lines to support creating the plan and side projections.

Add all relevant dimension, centre, and hidden detail lines.

Add and fill in a title block with the details, including the scale.

Pause the video and have a go.

Fantastic, let's have a look at some of the answers you may have come up with.

Your answer could be.

Wonderful.

Here is a summary of our learning today.

An orthographic projection represents a three-dimensional object in two dimensions and is completed before the manufacturing stage.

A type of orthographic projection is third-angle projection and consists of a front, plan, and side projection along with an isometric view.

There are many different line types on an orthographic projection, including dimension and construction lines.

Projections are created using a scale, and this will be recorded on the drawing in a title block with other drawing details.

Well done, and thank you for joining me today.