Hello there.

My name is Mrs. Dhami.

Thank you for joining me for your design and technology lesson today.

Now, the big question for today is, what are new and emerging technologies? We are going to explore a few examples together.

You might surprise yourself with how many you actually do recognise.

Hopefully, there'll be a few surprises along the way too.

Seat belts on.

Let's get cracking.

Our outcome for today is that by the end of the lesson, we will be able to use specific examples to explain the impact of new and emerging technologies on the manufacture of products.

Our key words for today are obsolete, biometrics, automation, and human error.

So, obsolete is when a product is no longer used or useful.

Biometrics will cover this in a lot more detail later.

But it uses unique body features such as fingerprints for identification.

Automation is the use of technology to perform tasks.

And human error are mistakes made by humans.

And I'm sure you'll see a fair few of those from me today.

We are going to follow three learning cycles.

So, we're gonna start off with defining new and emerging technologies.

We're then gonna explore some really exciting examples of new and emerging technologies.

And then finally we're going to look at that impact on manufacturing.

So, let's get cracking with defining new and emerging technologies.

New and emerging technologies enable new products or services to be developed or current products to be further developed and updated with more successful features.

When current products are updated, this often leaves products to become obsolete.

Now, obsolete is one of our key words today, and that means that products are no longer used or useful or even sometimes produced.

Right, there are four products on this page, and I am very interested to see whether you know what they are.

So, take a moment.

Have a chat to the person next to you or tell me.

Have a think.

Come back to me when you have an answer for all four.

So, let's see if you got some or all of these correct.

The first one on the left is the typewriter.

Now, this used be used to directly type and print onto a piece of paper.

Bit of a problem if you made a few mistakes though.

Next one is the cassette.

Now, we used to use these to listen to music with, and what you had to do was you had to put them in your cassette player.

You played one side and you had to take it out, turn it over so you could listen to the tracks on the other side.

Occasionally, the tape inside would go a little bit funny and get a little bit messed up.

So, you used to have to put pencil in one of those holes, turn the pencil so that you could turn the tape back onto the reels.

Third one is the floppy disc, which we used to use to store our work on.

So, rather than saving to, say, the cloud, you'd save to this floppy disc, and it was quite big sizes, out the size of like one of those mug holders.

One of those mug, like, placer things that you put on the table.

The same size, about the same size as that.

And then we have the vacuum with bags.

Now, you still do get some vacuums that contain bags, but all of them used to contain bags when I was growing up and we used to have to go down to the shop to go and buy a bag once our bag was filled 'cause you had to throw that one away.

Go down to the shop, buy a new bag, and replace that into your vacuum.

Things have really changed.

Believe it or not, all of these products were once examples of new and emerging technologies.

They were at the height of technology.

People found them amazing and absolutely loved using them.

But obviously, now, these products have become obsolete.

They have now been replaced with products with even more new and emerging technologies.

Things do not stand still.

And as I speak now, further new and emerging technologies are being developed.

So, let's have our first check-in.

Obsolete refers to products that are, A, used frequently, B, are out of date, or C, are no longer used.

Come back to me when you've got an answer.

Okay, well done if you've got B and C.

Obsolete products are those that are out of date, or also no longer used.

We are gonna have a look at a couple of products now where new and emerging technologies have replaced those products.

So, we're gonna start first of all with storing your work that you have done on the computer and we've touched very quickly on the floppy disc.

What it's do now is have a little thing what products came after floppy disc.

And I'm not just thinking about one.

I'm thinking of a bit of a timeline.

So, take a moment.

Have a chat to the person next to you.

Come back to me when you've got a few ideas of what might have followed the floppy disc.

So, let's have a little look at what you might have come up with.

So, after the floppy disc came the CD, and you can see the storage has gone from roughly about 1.

44 megabytes to 600 megabytes.

After the CD came memory sticks, which you might have a few of still today.

Now, their capacity range, but we're gonna roughly say one gigabyte today.

The memory stick.

Something that we're all a bit more familiar with these days is of course the cloud.

And the storage capacity of the cloud is humongous.

Yes, we might have to pay for it, but it is huge, and I've got here 15 gigabytes to six terabytes.

What a difference from the cloud all the way down to the floppy disc.

We're gonna repeat that activity now but with the way that we listen to music.

So, we're gonna start with the gramophone, which we used to put vinyls on.

And I know vinyls are coming a little bit more into fashion again now, but what do we currently listen to music on and what came in between what we currently do and the gramophone? So, take a moment.

Share with your friends.

Come back to me when you are ready.

Right, let's have a little look at some of the answers you may have got.

So, after the gramophone came the boombox where we used to listen to cassettes and CDs.

They often had both the CD on top and the cassette on the side.

Then came portable music players, MP3.

This was actually mine when I was at university and it didn't contain many songs, but it was enough to be able to walk to university with.

Of course, now, we have online streaming where we use all sorts of to listen to huge volumes of music.

You can really see how new and emerging technologies have replaced all those products previous to online streaming.

New and emerging technologies can change people's lives in positive way.

Let's look at a few examples.

So, Stephen Hawking, he used eye tracking technology to be able to communicate when he couldn't physically speak.

Pretty amazing.

Artificial intelligence, AI, improves accuracy of disease diagnosis.

And then smart home devices enable users to control their environment even when they're outside of the home too.

However, new and emerging technologies can also have negative input.

So, for example, jobs are often lost when robots and automation are introduced into manufacturing processes.

Some of these workers then can find it difficult to retrain or find it difficult to find alternative jobs, leaving some people without a job.

New and emerging technologies always lead to positive change, true or false? Come back to me when you've got an answer.

Fantastic.

Well done if you got false.

Now, why is this? It's a common misconception that new and emerging technologies only bring positive change when, actually, they can lead to jobs being lost, especially in factories where robots and automation have replaced many manual jobs.

Onto task A.

So, number one.

The images below show the evolution of an old technology into a new one.

Sort these from oldest to newest.

So, we have the digital watch, the smartwatch, and the analogue watch.

Then for part two, for each stage, use the images to describe how the watches' features have changed over the years.

Let's take a look at your answers.

Hopefully, you've got the analogue watch to start with, which simply only told the time.

The next one came the digital watch, which provided a few more functions, and finally smart watches as many of us know today.

So, number two.

You could have had an answer similar to this.

The first watches were analogue and used hour and minute hands to display the time.

Digital watches were introduced, had limited functions and tended to be quite bulky.

Smart watches enable a multitude of functions as allows users to connect to their phones and to the internet.

Hopefully, you got an answer similar to that.

If you didn't, have a little look.

See what you can change in your answer.

Right, this brings us to learning cycle two.

We have just defined new and emerging technologies.

We are now going to explore some examples of them.

Take a minute to consider these questions.

Have you ever accessed a device using your fingerprints? Have you ever seen a drone in the sky or flown one yourself? Do you have any products such as lamps or heating that you can turn on whilst you are not at home? If the answer to any of these questions is yes, then you have experienced a current new and emerging technology.

New and emerging technologies are those that are currently being developed or are still evolving.

There are many examples and I could spend many hours talking to you about these, but I don't think you want that today.

So, today, we are just gonna explore a few and we're going to explore AI, artificial intelligence, drones, and biometrics.

New and emerging technologies are advances that were made 100 years ago.

True or false? Come back to me when you've got an answer.

Fantastic if you got false, and why is that? New and emerging technologies are those that are currently being developed or are evolving as we speak.

You might be familiar with some forms of AI.

Now, AI, standing for artificial intelligence, is a type of technology that allows machines to think, learn, and make decisions like humans such as chat bots.

So, for example, customer service bots can answer questions or attempt to.

Image recognition.

Say, for example, facial recognition in photos.

If you have a phone, if you go to images or photos, quite often, it will pick up a certain face and then it will recognise that face.

And sometimes, you can search by particular face.

Virtual assistants that can answer simple questions or perform tasks such as turning on music.

My children love these.

And then text to image AI that can produce or render design ideas.

Some of you'll know this and others of you won't.

So, for example, here are a few pizza clutter handle designs that I did out of plasticine.

I then took a picture of it and then I sketched on top of that picture.

I then put that into an AI programme to produce me some design ideas, and let's have a little look at what it produced.

So, that is an AI render of my sketch.

Quite amazing, isn't it? If you haven't had a go, I really do recommend it.

It's amazing.

Sometimes a few funny outcomes, but it's amazing what they can produce.

Quick check time.

Which of the following are examples of AI? We have the drone, biometrics, and a chat bot.

Come back to me when you've got an answer.

Well done if you manage to get C.

Chat bot is an example of AI.

You may be familiar with drones.

Drones are flying devices that can be controlled remotely or can fly on their own using software and sensors.

Now, drones can be used for hobbies, which I've seen lots of them being used like this, but you might not quite realise their potential for many other things.

So, they are also used for exploration.

They are used for any delivery and into places where perhaps vehicles or planes where is just unsafe to do so.

So, they can take aid assessing flood damage in places, again, which are very inaccessible and but the drones can access.

And then search and rescue again in remote places.

What fantastic use of those.

Now, this is my favourite example of the use of drones.

Drones are being used to transport urgent blood samples between London's Guy's and St.

Thomas's Hospitals and their testing labs in under two minutes.

Wow.

This is significantly faster than road transport with all the congestion, allowing quicker analysis to determine patient readiness for surgery.

What a fantastic use of a drone.

So, quick check.

Which of these are drones used for? A, search and rescue.

B, entry into buildings.

C, entering a virtual world.

Or D, delivering aid.

Have a think.

Come back to me when you have an answer.

Okay, if you've got A, B and D, congratulations.

You got the answer right.

Drones are used for search and rescue, entry into buildings, and of course, delivering aid.

Modern folks.

Biometrics was one of our keywords at the start.

Biometrics uses unique body features for identification.

So, examples include voice recognition, fingerprints, iris or retina scan, and facial recognition.

And I'm sure you might be familiar with a few of those.

So, how do you operate your phone? Sam says, "I use my fingerprint to get into my phone." Sofia says, "My phone recognises my face." And Alex says, "I use my voice to ask my phone to ring someone." These are all examples of biometrics you probably use in your daily lives.

Which of these are examples of biometrics? We have iris scan, automatic doors, fingerprint scan, and voice-activated devices.

Come back to me when you've got an answer.

Let's take a look.

We have, as examples of biometrics, iris scan, fingerprint scan, and voice-activated devices.

Onto task B.

New and emerging technologies have the capabilities to have positive change on society.

Using an example, explain how it benefits society.

You could use one of the following, drones, fingerprint technology, chat bot, or voice recognition.

Feel free to use a different example if you wish.

All your answers will be different depending on which example you chose to use.

So, we are gonna take drones for this example.

Answers could include the following.

Drones have been extremely useful in dangerous situations such as natural disaster rescue.

One example is the Moroccan earthquake in 2023 where drones were used to search for survivors.

Natural disasters such as flooding, hurricanes, and forest fires create dangerous and life threatening situations for both those in the area and those attempting to provide rescue.

Drones enable cameras to be able to get into dangerous situations to survey the damage, search for survivors and direct research teams to the right locations.

This may enable the potential safe return of more survivors and rescue teams. Drones can also send aid to unreachable parts to people cut off from supplies.

Wow, what an amazing potential that drones have.

Have a little look for your answers.

See if you are happy, and make any tweaks or changes that you might need.

Well done with all your efforts here.

Onto our third and final learning cycle.

We are now going to explain the impact of new and emerging technologies on manufacturing.

Let's remind ourselves of the key word automation.

We define that as, at the start, as the use of technology to perform tasks.

So, in manufacturing industries, automation and robots can provide several advantages.

Those are increased efficiency, means that the machines can work continuously, speeding up production, improved quality, reducing human error, ensuring consistent and precise product quality, and then cost savings.

Automation lowers labour costs and reduces waste leading to more cost effective production.

And we're gonna take each one of these points now and look at it in a little bit more detail.

Let's take increased efficiency to start with.

Automation has enabled fast fashion where clothes are produced at speed and users are encouraged to buy clothes more frequently to keep up with trends.

This has been possible because of certain machines such as die cutters.

Die cutters are used to cut several pieces of fabric at once rather than one person standing there with a pair of scissors and cutting one out at time.

Clothes are also produced at speed using machines and there are machines for sewing.

There are machines for overlocking.

There are machines which enable something to inflate inside a piece of clothing.

then it can be steamed, so that people haven't got to take each piece and iron each side of it separately.

All of these machines just help to increase the speed and the efficiency at which these clothes are produced.

Improved quality.

Automation reduces human error.

So, for example, machines can repeatedly perform tasks consistently because they don't get tired like a human.

They just keep going, keep doing the same thing over and over and over again.

Automation also allows robots or jigs conduct accurate quality control checks.

And you can see this in the picture on the right.

They have got the inflatable airbags that you find in cars being tested on dummies at correct and accurate speeds to make sure that it is done safely.

That's amazing, isn't it? Taking that human error out of that and providing us with that real reliability and that safety.

Automation and robots can also produce huge cost savings.

Automation makes manufacturing cheaper because just like before, machines do not get sick or tired, nor do they need to be paid so they can just continue.

Whilst they continue, they also make fewer mistakes, meaning that materials aren't wasted.

And you can see in this GIF on the right, this task is being repeatedly done and repeatedly done in exactly the right way, whereas a human doing that, occasionally, they might make a mistake or they might tired or they might slow down.

Let's have a check.

Which of the following is not an advantage of using robots in manufacturing industries? So, A, increased efficiency by working continuously.

B, improve quality by reducing human error.

C, increased labour costs due to automation.

And D, cost savings through reduced waste and labour costs.

Have a think.

Come back to me when you've got an answer.

Well done if you manage to get C.

There are not increased labour costs when you've got automation because obviously, the robots, the automation is doing it instead of the manual job.

Well done.

A common misconception is that automation and robots only provide advantages when actually disadvantages come with this too.

First of all, the high setup costs.

Now, these robots and automation don't just appear out of nowhere.

They are obviously costly to purchase.

Also, quite often the software requires upgrades and maintenance because machines can fail, things can go wrong, parts might need servicing.

So, all of these upgrades and maintenance will need to be paid for.

Second of all, job losses.

That's particularly relevant in jobs that are repetitive or manual in nature because they're the ones being replaced by the robots and automation.

And then obviously, upskilling.

The workers who have lost their jobs may need to retrain or take on new jobs or roles in the organisation.

This can be time consuming and obviously can also be expensive.

Let's give an exam question a go.

So, my turn.

In a car factory, robots are used to weld parts with precision.

Give one advantage and one disadvantage.

So, I could say automation increases production speed and reduces human error.

However, some workers lose their jobs because fewer human welders are needed.

Your turn.

The smartphone factory uses robots to assemble screens and batteries.

Give one advantage and one disadvantage.

Have a little think.

Discuss with your partner.

Come back to me when you are ready.

Okay, hopefully, you came up with an answer.

Let's have a little look at a model one.

Phones are produced quickly and accurately.

However, the factory spends a lot of money on repairing robots when they break down, often requires quite a high skill too to be able to fix the machines.

Onto task C.

I would like you to explain the impact that new and emerging technologies have had on manufacturing industries.

Now, I want you to consider both the advantages and the disadvantages when you answer this.

Good luck.

Have a go.

Come to me when you're ready.

Well done for having a go at that.

Now, your answers could include the following.

New and emerging technologies have enabled large manufacturing companies to take advantage of robotics and automation.

An example will be testing jigs used for testing electronic circuits.

So, the advantages testing jigs have enabled businesses to grow as they can produce more products in a shorter amount of time, whilst increasing product complexity and reducing human error.

Disadvantages though, however, it has also meant that many workers with limited skills have lost their jobs to robots and may find it difficult to retrain.

Well done with all your hard work on that answer.

This brings us to a close of our lesson today.

Let's summarise what we have found out.

New emerging technologies enable new products or services to be developed or current products to be further developed and updated with more successful features.

AI, drones and biometrics are all examples of new and emerging technologies, new and emerging technologies can have both advantages and disadvantages.

Advantages include more efficient ways to carry out manufacturing, such as automation, which can maximise output, reduce prices, and improve the quality of products by reducing human error.

However, there are disadvantages too and these include the loss of manual jobs in some areas.

Well done with all of your hard work today and I look forward to hopefully seeing you in another lesson.

Take good care.

Bye bye bye.