Lesson video

Hello, everyone.

My name is Mrs. Riley and I'm here today to do some grammar learning with you.

Normally when we write a sentence, we write it about one idea.

But in today's lesson, we're going to learn to write a sentence about two ideas.

I hope you're ready.

Let's get started.

The outcome of today's lesson is to join two simple sentences using the word and.

Here are our keywords for today's lesson.

Have you got your listening ears ready and your loud voices ready, because I'm going to say each one and then I'd like you to repeat it back to me, my turn, your turn.

Are you ready? Joining word.

Build on.

Relate.

Well done.

Don't worry if any of those words seem a little bit unfamiliar, because we are going to talk about them a lot in our lesson.

And I'm sure by the end of the lesson you'll feel really confident with what they all mean.

So in today's lesson, we're going to start by reviewing the joining word and.

Simple sentences contain one idea.

How many ideas do simple sentences contain? Well done, just one.

Here's an example: I play the flute.

But we can also write sentences about two ideas.

Here's an example.

I play the flute is my idea one.

He learns the piano is my idea two.

And then I can use a joining word to help me join these two sentences together.

I play the flute and he learns the piano.

And this skill is so useful when we are doing our writing or when we're telling a story.

Because if we tell a story where we can only have one idea per sentence, it can be a little bit restrictive.

So here's an example.

The princess woke up.

She walked to the window.

She opened the window.

She looked outside.

She saw a dragon.

Can you hear how all of my short sentences about one idea start to sound a little bit repetitive and it starts to sound a bit boring.

But if I can join two of those ideas together, it makes it sound much more exciting.

The princess woke up and walked to her window, full stop.

She opened it up and saw a dragon, full stop.

So when we are telling a story, it's really helpful that we are going to, by the end of the lesson, be able to write a sentence which has two ideas, and we're going to join the two ideas with the joining word and.

So each simple sentence must contain a verb, which is a being or doing word.

And each sentence must make sense on its own.

I play the flute is my idea one.

He learns the piano is my idea two.

Both of those sentences have got a verb in it.

Play is the first verb and learns is the second verb.

And they both make sense on their own.

I play the flute.

He learns the piano.

They're both simple sentences.

But in this example, I play the flute is my idea one and the piano is my idea two.

But the second idea is not a whole idea.

It is part of an idea.

So in the first example, both of the ideas contain a verb, play and learns.

But in the second example, only the first idea contains a verb, play.

The piano doesn't contain a verb, it does not make sense on its own.

Here's a check for understanding.

Which sentences make complete sense? A is red.

B, the car is red.

C, the car.

D, the car is fast.

There might be more than one answer.

Which sentences make complete sense? Pause the video while you think about the answer now.

Well done for giving that a go.

The correct answers are: B, the car is red and D, the car is fast.

Both of these are simple sentences and they both make complete sense.

Let's look at some more simple sentences joined together by and.

What do you notice about the two ideas in each sentence? I love drawing and he loves painting.

Sam eats an apple and Andeep eats an orange.

Think about the two ideas.

Do you notice anything? Pause the video and have some thinking time.

Well done.

The second idea is always related to the first idea.

It builds on the first idea by adding to the information we already know.

If I had written I love drawing and he is feeling a little bit upset today, those two ideas aren't related, so the second idea doesn't build onto the first idea.

They seem like they're about completely different things.

So we are going to try in our sentences today to make sure that the first and second idea are related, that the second idea builds on to the first idea.

True or false? The joining word and is a word that tells someone to do something.

True or false? Pause the video now.

Well done if you got the answer false.

A joining word doesn't tell someone to do something.

It joins two ideas.

Let's underline the two ideas in this sentence to check that one makes sense, each one makes complete sense on its own.

The book is on the shelf and the toy is on the table.

The book is on the shelf is my first idea.

And joins it with my second idea, the toy is on the table.

So let's just check.

The book is on the shelf.

That makes sense on its own.

The toy is on the table.

That makes sense on its own.

Does the second idea build onto the first idea and make complete sense on its own? Well, we've already said it makes sense, so let's check it builds onto the first idea.

The book is on the shelf.

The toy is on the table.

I think it builds onto the first idea because both of my ideas are describing where something is.

Let's look at the next example.

Izzy eats pizza is my first idea.

And is the joining word, and the next idea is pasta.

Hmm.

Izzy eats pizza and pasta.

That makes sense.

But if I look at my second idea in isolation on its own, it's just one word, pasta.

It doesn't make sense on its own.

Ben plays football and he likes ballet.

The first idea is Ben plays football.

That makes sense on its own.

The second idea is he likes ballet, and that also makes sense on its own.

True or false? The second idea in a sentence joined with and needs to make sense on its own.

Pause the video while you answer if it's true or false.

Well done.

It's true.

The second idea in a sentence joined with and needs to make sense on its own.

It's time for your first task.

I would like you to underline the two ideas in each sentence.

Then I would like you to tick the sentences where the second idea builds on the first idea.

And remember, both ideas must make sense on their own.

Here are the sentences.

Her cat is black and my cat is white.

The car is fast and red.

It is hot today and we splash in the fountain.

Sam plays on the swings and slide.

The children sing and dance.

Wear your coat and take a hat outside.

Pause the video while you complete this task.

Well done.

Let's go through the answers.

Her cat is black and my cat is white.

Her cat is black is the first idea.

My cat is white is the second idea.

And we've joined them using the joining word and.

Both ideas make sense on their own.

And the second idea builds on the first idea, so I'm going to give it a tick.

Let's look at the next example.

The car is fast is the first idea, and the second idea is red.

Hmm.

The first idea makes sense on its own, but the second idea doesn't make sense on its own.

So this one I'm not giving a tick to.

I've given a big, fat cross.

It is hot today is my first idea, and we splash in the fountain is my second idea.

The second idea builds on the first idea.

We are splashing in the fountain because it is hot.

They're related.

And both of my ideas make sense by themselves.

So I'm going to give this one a tick.

Sam plays on the swings is my first idea and slide is my second idea.

That doesn't make sense by itself.

I couldn't have a sentence in a book that just said slide.

So this one again has got a cross.

The children sing is my first idea and dance is my second idea.

Again, dance doesn't make sense by itself, so this one has also got a cross.

Wear your coat is my first idea and take a hat outside.

So let me just check that second idea makes sense.

Take a hat outside.

Yes, that could be a sentence all by itself that makes sense.

The second idea is also related to the first idea.

Wear your coat and take a hat outside.

That one is also going to have a tick.

Well done for completing that task.

It's time to look at our second learning cycle, which is going to focus on using the word and.

Instead of writing a sentence about one idea, we are going to write a sentence with two ideas.

Each idea, as we've just discussed, must make sense on its own.

The sentences will be joined together using the joining word and.

Sometimes I like to imagine that this joining word and is a little bit like a Lego brick and it connects the two ideas together.

For example, Aisha builds sandcastles and Laura collects shells.

The joining word and helps us to add on more information.

Both ideas each side of the joining word and have to make complete sense.

If we imagine them on a balancing scale, each idea is equally important.

So we don't have one idea that's really important and one idea that's less important.

They are both equally important, both ideas either side of the joining word and.

Aisha builds sandcastles and Laura collects shells.

Both those pieces of information are equally important.

They would weigh the same on our scales.

The scales are balanced.

Here is a simple sentence.

Birds sing sweetly.

What could be the second idea that we join on to build on the first idea? Have a think about that.

So I want to say birds sing sweetly and, and then I want to give a second idea.

But my second idea must relate and build onto the first idea about birds singing sweetly and it must make sense on its own.

So I couldn't say birds sing sweetly and loudly, because loudly doesn't make sense on its own.

Could you pause the video now while you think about a second idea that could build onto that first idea? Birds sing sweetly and.

Pause the video while you have a think about that now.

Well done.

I don't know if you could hear, but there was actually a bird singing sweetly outside my window right now.

So let's look at some examples to see if the second idea builds onto the first idea.

Birds sing sweetly and it tastes good.

Hmm.

That doesn't make sense, does it? What tastes good? So that doesn't relate to the first idea.

Birds sing sweetly and squirrels.

Hmm.

That doesn't work because squirrels is just a word.

It doesn't make sense by itself.

It's not a complete sentence.

And squirrels bury nuts.

Let's see that with the whole first idea.

Birds sing sweetly and squirrels bury nuts.

Ah, that one works because squirrels bury nuts is a complete idea.

It makes sense by itself.

And the ideas are related because they're both about what the animals are doing.

Birds sing sweetly and it tastes good.

That doesn't work.

Birds sing sweetly and squirrels.

That doesn't work either.

But birds sing sweetly and squirrels bury nuts, that one is correct.

The second idea makes sense on its own.

It is of equal importance on our balancing scales.

And it relates to the first idea, it builds onto the first idea.

True or false? When using and to join two sentences together, the second sentence must relate to the first sentence.

True or false? Pause the video now.

Well done if you got the answer true.

When using and to join two sentences together, the second sentence must relate to the first sentence.

Choose two ideas that could join to this first idea.

So here we go.

It's another check for understanding.

Here's your first idea.

The crowd shouted and A, the noise grew louder, B, cheered, C, people took photos, and D, we ran to school.

Remember, the second idea must make sense on its own and it must be related to the first idea.

Pause the video now and think about what could join to this idea.

The crowd shouted and.

Pause the video now.

Well done for giving that a go.

The correct answers are: the crowd shouted and the noise grew louder, or the crowd shouted and people took photos.

The crowd shouted and cheered makes sense, but we haven't got a special sentence with two different ideas where both parts on either side of the joining word make sense by themselves, because cheered doesn't make sense by itself.

And we ran to school does make sense by itself, but the crowd shouted and we ran to school are not related.

They're about two completely different things, so it doesn't work.

Listen to this sentence.

The sun rises.

Can you think of another sentence that we could add on to this sentence using the word and? The sun rises and? Hmm, what could be our second idea? Remember, your sentence must make sense on its own and be of equal importance and it must relate to the first idea.

This is a talk task, so I would like you to now pause the video and tell someone next to you or practise saying out loud what could be the second idea in this sentence.

The sun rises and.

Pause the video now.

Well done.

Let's look at some ideas.

So your ideas might have been similar to these.

The sun rises and the moon disappears.

The moon disappears makes sense by itself.

It is of equal importance to the first idea and it is related to the first idea.

The sun and the moon are similar, so they are related.

The sun rises and the birds start singing.

The sun rises and the day begins.

The sun rises and it is time to wake up.

Here's another check for understanding.

I would like you to match each of these sentences so they make sense.

Say each sentence out loud to check they sound correct.

For example, if I took the first idea and read it with the second idea on the top line, it would be the bike is blue and the bees buzz.

So I'm then going to think to myself, does that sound correct? Hmm, I'm not sure.

So you need to go through all the options and match the first ideas to the second ideas, making sure that they are related, that they build on the first idea.

Pause the video while you complete this challenge.

Okay, let's go through the answers.

The bike is blue and the handles are red.

The flowers bloom and the bees buzz.

Ben reads books and Jun draws pictures.

In each of those examples, my second idea builds onto my first idea.

They are related.

It's time for your final task today.

I would like you to choose one of the sentences below.

How many sentences do you have to choose? Just one.

Well done.

I'd like you to add to the sentence using the joining word and to add a second idea.

This is an oral task.

That means that you are saying the sentence out loud, but if you feel really confident, you could write it down as well.

So you could, first of all, everyone can say the sentence out loud and then if you are feeling really confident, you could try and write it down.

So here are the first parts of the sentences that you could choose.

Remember, you are only choosing one.

The cat purrs and.

My shoes are muddy and.

Sam plays games and.

So firstly, you are just going to choose one of those sentences.

Then you are going to add a second idea to the first idea.

And then if you feel really confident, you could write it down.

Remember, the second idea has to be of equal importance on our balancing scales.

It has to make sense by itself and it has to be related to the first idea.

Pause the video while you have a go at this task now.

Wow.

Well done.

You should feel really proud of yourselves because that was really tricky.

Here are some examples of some sentences that you might have said.

The cat purrs and the dog barks.

The dog barks makes sense on its own and it is related to the first idea.

They would weigh the same on my balancing scales.

My shoes are muddy and my hair is wet.

Those are two ideas that make sense by themselves and that would weigh the same on my balancing scales.

My shoes are muddy and my hair is wet.

They are related because they are two things that would happen to you if you went outside on a really wet day.

Your hair would get wet and your shoes would get all muddy because quite often when it's been raining, the ground goes all muddy and wet.

Sam plays games and Aisha watches TV.

Aisha watches TV makes sense by itself.

It's related to my first idea because they're both about what two people are doing and they weigh the same on my grammar scales.

Let's summarise what we have learned today.

We have learned that we can use and to join two simple sentences together.

Each idea in the sentence must make complete sense.

The second idea in a sentence must build on the first idea.

The second idea in the sentence should relate to the first idea.

Both ideas must be of equal importance to make sure the sentence is balanced.

I hope you find this skill really useful when you are next telling or writing a story.

Remember, you can think of the first idea and then you can think of a second idea and you can join them together using the word and.

Well done for all your hard work today, and hopefully I'll see you for some more learning another time.

Bye.