Lesson video

Hello everyone.

My name is Mrs. Riley, and I'm here today to do some grammar learning with you.

Today we're going to be looking at two different types of sentences.

I hope you are ready.

Let's get started.

The outcome of today's lesson is to recognise the difference between a question and a command.

Here are the key words we are going to use in our lesson today.

I'm going to say each one, and I'd like you to repeat it back to me, my turn, your turn, are you ready? Have you got your listening ears ready and your loud voices ready? The first one is, statement, question, question mark, command, exclamation mark.

Well done.

In our lesson today, we're going to first of all, look at questions.

Are you ready? So let's first of all remind ourselves of our simple sentences.

Here are some simple sentences, can you listen to them? The cat purrs happily.

Why is the dog barking? Fish live in water.

Where is the frog? Okay, so all of those are simple sentences, but you might have noticed that there are different types of sentences within those examples.

We know that all simple sentences are about one idea that makes complete sense.

So if you were reading a story and you read a simple sentence, it would make sense.

We also know that a simple sentence contains at least one noun, a person, place, or thing, it contains one verb, which is a being or doing verb word, it starts with a capital letter, and it often ends with a full stop.

These are all the important features of a simple sentence.

Let's have a look at some examples.

Perhaps you can do a thumbs up if you think it is a simple sentence or a thumbs down if you think it isn't a simple sentence.

The cat, hmm, what do you think? Well done, it's not a simple sentence.

It has a noun in it, cat, that's a naming word for a thing, it has a capital letter, but it doesn't have a full stop at the end, it doesn't have a verb and it doesn't make sense.

If you opened up your book and the first page just said, "The cat," you would think, "Well, this is a bit of a funny book, this isn't a real sentence." It's not a simple sentence, is it? Let's look at the second example, purrs happily.

Hmm, again, let's imagine we're reading our book, turn the page, page number 2, "purrs happily." That doesn't make sense, does it? It does have a verb, purrs, and, happily, is an adverb, it describes how something purrs, but it's got no noun, it's got no capital letter, no full stop, and most importantly, it doesn't make sense, it's not a simple sentence.

The next one is, the cat purrs.

Hmm, okay, this is a bit better.

My next page of my book, "the cat purrs." It's about one idea, it makes sense, it's got a noun, a cat, it's got a verb, purrs, but can you tell me what's wrong with it? Shout out, what's wrong with this? Well done, it has no capital letter and no full stop.

So this is also not a simple sentence.

Let's look at the next one.

The cat purrs.

What do you think? Thumbs up or thumbs down.

Well done, thumbs up.

This time we've got a noun, a verb, a capital letter, a full stop, it's about one idea and it makes complete sense.

Finally, in the last page of my book, I found a simple sentence that has all the right features.

So a simple sentence sounds simple, but actually, there are lots of things we need to include to make sure it is a real simple sentence.

And finally, The cat purrs happily.

Hmm, what do you think about this one? Have some thinking time.

Well done, this is also a simple sentence.

We've got our noun, our verb, our capital letter, and a full stop.

The only difference is we've added a bit of detail.

"The cat purrs happily." I've used an adverb to describe how the cat is purring.

For your check for understanding, I would like you to match the following.

One of these examples is a phrase, one is a simple sentence and one of them is just a word.

The examples are, The red door slammed, door, red door.

Which one is a phrase? Which one is a simple sentence and which one is just a word? Could you draw lines to match them up? Now, pause the video.

Well done, let's go through the answers.

A phrase would be, red door.

It's two words, an adjective and a noun but it's not a full sentence, it doesn't make sense by itself.

The simple sentence is, The red door slammed, the door, is the noun, slammed, is the verb, it makes sense, it's about one idea, it has a capital letter and a full stop.

And finally, door, is just a word.

Well done for completing that task.

So we also know that there are different types of simple sentence.

Each type of simple sentence has a different purpose for the reader.

A statement is our first type of simple sentence.

It's a simple sentence that expresses a fact or an opinion, and it most often ends with a full stop.

For example, today is sunny, is a fact.

You might not be able to see that it's sunny 'cause you can't see out my window but I'm telling you it's a really lovely sunny day.

And, I love the sunshine, is an opinion.

It's something that I feel you might not like the sunshine, you might find it a bit too bright or a bit too hot, but I love the sunshine.

So they are both statements.

I love the sunshine and today is sunny.

Here's one more example, The cat purrs happily.

That is a simple sentence, but it's a special type of simple sentence, it is a statement.

What is it? A statement, well done.

A question is a type of simple sentence that asks the reader for an answer and ends with a question mark.

Draw a question mark up in the air, around, down and a dot.

Here's a question, why is the dog barking? That's asking for an answer.

The answer might be the dog is barking because there was a knock on the door, or the dog is barking because he heard a funny noise.

Okay, let's check your understanding.

Could you identify that means? Could you spot the question mark? Have a look, we've got A, B or C, three different pieces of punctuation, but which one is the question mark? Pause the video while you select your answer.

Okay, well done if you've got the answer B, that is a question mark.

So questions ask the reader for an answer.

Here are some questions.

What is your name? How old are you? Do you like cake? Ooh, oh, I heard lots of people shouting, yes then.

I'd like you to take it in turns to ask your partner a question.

This is a talk task.

You can use these examples or you can think of your own question.

So if you are not sure of any, you could ask your partner, what's your name, how old are you? And do you like cake? Or you might think of your own question.

For example, you might ask, do you like trampolining or when is your birthday? Could you pause the video now while you practise asking each other questions? Off you go.

Okay, well done.

It's now time for your first task.

I would like you to read each sentence carefully and add the correct punctuation mark at the end.

Either it will be a full stop or it'll be a question mark if it's a question.

So here are the sentences.

Snails move slowly, The rabbit is munching a carrot, Where is the bird, Can you see the nest, The ants carry leaves, How many ants are there, What animal is making that noise, A squirrel buried a nut.

So for each sentence, decide if you think it's a statement, which means it needs a full stop, it could be a fact or an opinion, or if it's a question, then you'll need to add a question mark at the end.

If you are not sure, perhaps you could try and answer it.

Think about, can I answer this? So if the first one, snails move slowly.

Hmm, can I answer that? I don't think I can.

So I think that must be a statement, so I think I'm going to do a full stop, but if you think, "Oh, well I could answer that question or somebody else could answer that question," then maybe you think it's a question and it will need a question mark at the end of it.

So could you pause the video now while you have a go at this task? Good luck.

Excellent, well done for giving that a go, that was quite tricky.

Let's go through the answers.

Snails move slowly.

This is a statement, it needs a full stop at the end.

The rabbit is munching a carrot.

This is also a statement, it needs a full stop at the end.

Where is the bird? This is a question that could be an answer.

The bird is in the tree, the bird is outside.

Because it's a question, it needs a question mark at the end.

Can you see the nest? Can you? Can you see the nest? Oh, I heard lots of you saying no.

Well, therefore you answered, so it's a question and it needs a question mark.

The ants carry leaves.

Hmm, could I answer that? The ants carry leaves.

No, I can't, it must be a statement, so it needs a full stop.

How many ants are there? Oh, let me count them, 1, 2, 3.

Oh, that would need an answer.

How many answer there? I'm asking a question so it needs a question mark.

What animal is making that noise? That's also a question and it needs a question mark at the end.

And finally, a squirrel buried a nut.

That's a statement, it's a fact, a squirrel buried a nut.

It needs a full stop at the end.

Well done, that was a quite a tricky task and you did really well.

We are now moving on to our second learning cycle, which is all about commands.

We've learned about questions, and now let's learn about commands, and maybe we can come up with an action.

We've got action for question, maybe we could come up with an action for a command.

A command is a type of simple sentence that tells someone to do something.

Feed the fish.

Look at the dolphin jumping! Often you might think of a command as being something that's quite strict.

For instance, a pirate might command you to walk the plank, but actually, sometimes commands aren't strict, they're just asking you to do something, for example, feed the fish is a command, it's asking someone to do something.

Look at the dolphin jumping, that's also asking someone to do something.

Hmm, what could our action be for a command? Maybe you could show me, what's a good action that is when you are asking someone to do something.

Hmm, oh, I'm seeing lots of nice ideas.

I think this is maybe a good example is just command because you are asking someone to do something.

My turn, your turn, command.

Well done.

Now you might have noticed in these two commands that one of them ends in a full stop, Feed the fish, full stop, and one of them ends in an exclamation mark, which is a line and a dot.

Look at the dolphin jumping, exclamation mark.

So we've got two different pieces of punctuation even though they are both commands.

It can end with an exclamation mark and it can end with a full stop.

Can you point at the command that ends in an exclamation mark? Off you go.

Can I see you pointing? Well done, it's, look at the dolphin jumping.

And can you point at the command that ends in a full stop? Can I see you pointing? Well done, it's, feed the fish.

An exclamation mark is used to express strong emotions.

Now, if I was on a boat and I saw a dolphin jumping, I would be really excited and when I said to somebody else, "Look at the dolphin jumping!" I've got strong emotion, I'm feeling really excited, which is why in that sentence we're using an exclamation mark.

But if I'm just saying someone, "Feed the fish," I haven't really got strong emotions about that, I'm just simply asking someone to do something, which is why I've used a full stop.

Here's a check for your understanding.

True or false, a command tells someone to do something, true or false? Pause the video now.

Well done, it is true, a command tells someone to do something.

Are you ready to play "Simon Says?" This is one of my favourite games.

Now the rules are if I say, "Simon says" before the action, then you have to do it, but if I don't say, "Simon says," you've got to stay still.

So for example, if I said, "Simon says, clap your hands," because I said, Simon says before the instruction, you would clap your hands, but if I just said, clap your hands, then you need to, it's a trick and you need to stay still.

Okay, are you ready? Simon says, touch your nose.

Well done for those of you that did it, because I said, "Simon says touch your nose," so you needed to do it.

Okay, next one, cover your eyes.

Well done for those of you that didn't cover your eyes, I didn't say Simon says.

Okay, next one, Simon says touch your head.

Well done, and fold your arms. Oh, well done, that was a trick, I didn't say Simon says.

The instructions I gave you were all commands.

I was telling you to do something, it was a command.

Touch your nose, is a command, cover your eyes, is a command, touch your head and fold your arms. All of those were commands, I was telling you to do something.

Can you think of a command? Maybe you could think of something you could could tell me to do or your partner or your teacher or someone in the room with you.

Could you pause the video and maybe try and think of three different commands.

Imagine you or the teacher doing "Simon Says," what were three different commands you could give to your class? Pause the video, off you go.

Oh, well done, I heard lots of commands being shouted there.

So here's a check for your understanding.

Is a command, A, does it ask the reader for an answer? Does it, B, express a fact or opinion? Or C, does it tell someone to do something? What is a command? Pause the video while you think about the answer.

Well done, the correct answer is, C, a command tells someone to do something.

Sometimes a command might end with an exclamation mark.

We can use an exclamation mark to show strong feelings like excitement, surprise, or sometimes fear.

Look at my cuddly puppy! That's a command, I'm telling you to look at my puppy, and I think that there, I've used an exclamation mark because my strong emotion is my excitement.

If I was holding a puppy, I would be so excited, wouldn't you? Go and play in the snow! Imagine you've been learning all day, and your teacher says, "Go and play in the snow! That would be so exciting, that's why that command has got an exclamation mark.

Listen to the thunder! Perhaps that might be surprise or even fear.

Listen to the thunder! That's definitely, I've got an exclamation mark again there because of strong emotion.

These are all commands because they're telling us to do something, they all end in exclamation marks, which commands can do if they express strong emotion like excitement or surprise or fear.

Remember, not all commands end in an exclamation mark.

Look at the following examples, Eat your dinner.

Look at the snow! These are both commands, but the first one ends in a full stop and the second one ends in an exclamation mark.

Why do you think the second one has an exclamation mark? Pause the video while you answer that question.

Well done, the second example shows strong emotion.

Look at the snow! It's exciting, so I've used an exclamation mark, but, eat your dinner, is just a simple command.

I'm not very excited about you eating your dinner, I'm not very worried or scared about you eating your dinner, I'm just simply asking you to do something.

True or false, all commands end in exclamation marks, all commands end in an exclamation mark, true or false? Pause the video now.

The answer is false.

Sometimes commands end in exclamation marks when the command expresses strong emotions, but sometimes they end with a full stop.

Read the sentences below and see if you can recognise which sentences are commands and which sentences are questions.

Close your eyes.

What time is it? Look at the twinkling stars! Is that a shooting star? Could you pause the video while you think about whether each of these sentences is a command or a question? Remember, the punctuation at the end of each sentence is a big clue.

Pause the video now.

Okay, well done.

Let's go through the answers.

Close your eyes, close your eyes.

It's a command, I'm telling you to do something.

So I'm going to put a C, a kuh, for command.

What time is it? This is a question, I'm asking someone a question and I want an answer in response.

So I'm going to put a Q for question next to it.

Look at the twinkling stars! This is a command, I'm asking you to do something, to look at the twinkling stars, and I've got an exclamation mark probably because it's quite exciting to look up at the twinkling stars.

It's a command, so it has a C.

Is that a shooting star? This is a question, it ends in a question mark, so I'm going to put a Q.

It's time for you now to have a go at doing another task, just as we did before, but this time all by yourself.

Just like we did, you're going to read each sentence carefully, and if it's a question, you are going to put a Q next to it, and if it's a command, you can write a C next to it.

Are you ready? Here are the sentences.

Can you jump? Stop talking! Line up at the door.

Where is your pencil? Go to the classroom.

Could you pause the video while you decide if each sentence is a question.

And if it is, write a Q, or a command, and if it is, write a C.

Pause the video now.

Okay, well done, let's go through the answers.

Can you jump? Yes, I can, can you? That had an answer, it also ended in a question mark.

So it is a question and I've written a Q next to it.

Stop talking! This is a command, it ends in an exclamation mark because it shows strong emotion.

Perhaps somebody's irritated and they're telling you, stop talking! It's a command, so I've put a C.

Line up at the door.

This is a command, but this time it doesn't express strong emotions so I've ended it with a full stop, this is a command.

Where is your pencil? It's in my drawer.

Oh, that one had an answer.

It's a question, it ends in a question mark.

Go to the classroom.

This is a command, I'm asking you to do something.

Go to the classroom.

It ends in a full stop because it doesn't express strong emotion so I put a C.

Well done for completing that task, it was quite tricky and you did really well to give it a go.

Let's summarise what we have learned in today's lesson.

We have learned all about questions and commands.

Can you show me the action for question? Well done, and a command? Well done.

We learned that there are different types of simple sentences.

Each type of simple sentence has a different purpose for the reader A question is a simple sentence that asks the reader for an answer and ends with a question mark.

A command is a simple sentence that tells someone to do something and can end with an exclamation mark.

You've done really well with your learning today.

Perhaps you can notice for the rest of the day if anyone asks you any questions, or if anyone tells you to do a command, if anyone asks you to do something.

So for example, if your teacher says to you, "Line up for lunch," you could think, "Oh, that's a command," or if your teacher asks you, "Where is your coat?" You could think, "Oh, that's a question." Or if you are at home, again, maybe someone might ask you a question or tell you a command.

So well done for all your hard work, and I hope to see you again soon.

Bye.