Lesson video

Hi, everyone, my name's Mrs. Riley and I'm here today to do some learning with you.

In today's lesson, we are going to be focusing on grammar and we're going to be looking at two different types of sentences.

So I hope you've got your thinking brains ready, and I hope you're ready to learn.

So let's get started.

The learning outcome of today's lesson is I can understand the similarities and differences between complex sentences and compound sentences.

Here are keywords we'll be using in today's lesson.

We've got quite a lot of keywords today, so make sure you are sitting up straight.

Make sure you've got your listening ears ready, and those loud voices ready because I'm going to each one and then I want you to repeat it back to me.

Are you ready? subordination, co-ordination, joining word, complex sentence, compound sentence.

Whoa, well done.

Well, that was an awful lot of language and vocabulary to go through, so don't worry if that felt like a lot because we are going to go through each of those words bit by bit in the lesson, and at by the end of the lesson, I'm sure you're gonna feel really confident with what they all mean.

So in our lesson today, we are going to first look at compound sentences.

That's the first learning cycle we're going to focus on.

So can you listen to these sentences? Do you want an apple or do you want an orange? I looked under my bed but I couldn't find my book.

The film started and I tucked into my popcorn.

All of these sentences are about two ideas.

Do you want an apple or do you want an orange? There are two ideas.

I looked under my bed but I couldn't find my book.

I looked but I couldn't find it.

The film started and I tucked into my popcorn.

Let's look at these sentences again.

So each idea makes complete sense.

Let's just take a look at that.

Do you want an apple? That makes sense, let's look at the second part.

Do you want an orange? That makes sense too, let's look at the second one.

I looked under my bed, that makes sense.

I couldn't find my book, that also makes sense.

And the last one, the film started, I tucked into my popcorn.

Yes, I'm convinced that each idea makes complete sense on its own.

These are compound sentences.

Can you say that with me, ready? These are compound sentences.

They are made up of two ideas that if we snapped it in half and took away that joining word, they would make complete sense on their own.

So a compound sentence is formed of not one, but two main ideas and a co-ordination joining word in the middle.

Sometimes I think of them like Lego bricks because they join those two main ideas.

Here are the co-ordination joining words, or, but, and.

True or false, a compound sentence is about one idea that makes complete sense, true or false? Well done, it is false.

We know a compound sentence is about two ideas and they both make sense on their own, but we join them using a co-ordination joining word.

These are the three joining words we use for co-ordination in compound sentences.

Are you ready to see them? Here they are.

And is for building on, like in that sentence, the film started and I tucked into my popcorn.

It builds onto the first idea.

But is for a positive and a negative, or it could be the other way around, but they're opposing ideas.

Or is either for an option, would you like this or this? Or it's for an effect.

Look at these co-ordination joining words in sentences.

Remember, and is for building on.

So let's see that in action.

I played with the bricks and I built an enormous castle.

My second idea builds on to my first idea.

But is for a positive and a negative or a negative and a positive.

He wanted to go swimming but he didn't have his swimming trunks.

Or is for an option or an effect.

Let's see what this example is.

Do you want to go to the shops or do you want to stay at home? You have an option.

If it was an effect, it might be something like you must do your homework or you won't know the answers for the test.

It's an effect of what will happen if you don't do your homework.

So let's check what we've just learned.

Could you please match the co-ordination joining word to its purpose? The joining words are and, but, or.

The purposes are for a positive and a negative, for giving an option or effect or for building on.

Pause the video now.

Okay, let's see how you got on.

So and is for building on, I went to the cinema and I had some ice cream.

But is for a positive and a negative.

I went to pay for my ice cream, but I had forgotten my wallet.

Or is for giving an option or an effect.

Would you like some ice cream or would you like some popcorn? Or you could have something like, you must bring your glasses to the cinema or you won't be able to see the film.

So is this true or false? Co-ordination joining words are used to join two simple sentences together.

Is it true or false? Pause the video now.

Well done, it is true.

Co-ordination joining words are used to join two simple sentences together.

Look at these sentences.

Are you ready? Take your shoes off, mm, keep your jumper on.

Take your shoes off, mm, you will make the flat dirty.

Take your shoes off, mm, you can relax on the couch.

Which co-ordination joining word fits best within each compound sentence? Remember, your choices are and, but, or or.

So you need to think which joining word fits best in which sentence? Perhaps you might want to pause the video so you have some thinking time.

And if you are finding it a bit tricky, try each one in each sentence and try and listen to what sounds right.

Off you go.

Okay, well done.

Now I'm going to try each one because I want to know that I picked the right joining word.

So take your shoes off and keep your jumper on.

Take your shoes off but keep your jumper on.

Take your shoes off or keep your jumper on.

Hmm, I think but is the one that works best there because it's like two opposing ideas.

You are telling someone to take your shoes off, but keep your jumper on.

Let's look at the next one.

Take your shoes off and you will make the flat dirty.

That doesn't sound right.

Take your shoes off or you will make the flat dirty.

And finally take your shoes off and you can relax on the couch.

So hopefully you can see there that in each of those compound sentences, the first idea was the same in each one.

But we finished our compound sentences differently by starting it off with a different joining word.

So your task is to complete these compound sentences by adding a second idea that makes complete sense.

That's really important because we know in a compound sentence, both of the parts have to make sense by themselves.

We should be able to snap it in half, and throw away that joining word and they should both make sense on their own.

So here are the first parts.

The bell rang loudly for lunch.

Alex listened intently to the teacher.

Oh, if you listen intently, you are listening very, very carefully, listening to every word.

You can play tag with me.

So in your first sentence you are going to use and for your compound sentence, the bell rang loudly for lunch and, and then you need to think of your second idea.

In your second compound sentence, you are going to use but.

Alex listened intensely to the teacher but.

What could you say? In your third sentence, you are going to use or.

You can play tag with me or, how could you finish it? Now remember the part that you are coming up with, the second idea has to make complete sense.

So I couldn't say you can play tag with me or it because it isn't a sentence, it doesn't make sense on its own.

So think carefully about that.

Right, pause the video now while you have a go at this task, good luck.

Okay, well done, let's look at some examples of what you might have come up with.

The bell rang loudly for lunch and the classes quickly lined up at the wall.

I've used and to build on for my second idea.

And let's just double check.

Does the second part make sense if I snapped it in half and threw away the and? Let's just check.

The classes quickly lined up at the wall.

Yeah, I'm happy, that makes sense.

Alex listened intently to the teacher but he felt confused.

This time, I've got a positive and a negative.

He listened intently but he felt confused.

Let's just double check.

Snap it in half, throw away the but, Alex listened intently to the teacher, that makes sense.

He felt confused, that also makes sense.

You can play tag with me or you can read a book quietly.

I've used or to give an option.

Let's just double check.

You can play tag with me, that makes sense.

Snap it in half, throw away the or, the joining word.

You can read a book quietly, that also makes sense.

Well done for completing your first task of today's lesson.

We're now going to look at our second learning cycle.

We've looked at compound sentences made of two main ideas, which both make sense by themselves, joined with a co-ordination joining word, and now we are looking at complex sentences.

Ooh, let's find out more about these.

Listen to these sentences.

Let's just check, we're about halfway through our lesson.

So let's just have a quick shuffle.

Sit up straight, maybe a big breath in (inhales) and a big breath out (exhales).

Okay, are you ready to listen? I was happy because my bike had been fixed.

Wear a bright jacket so you can be seen in the dark.

We can feed the horses if we leave the house now.

These are complex sentences.

They contain two ideas.

Ooh, that's similar to our compound sentences because they contained two ideas.

But I'm guessing there's gonna be a big difference, let's find out.

The first idea makes sense on its own.

I was happy.

Wear a bright jacket.

We can feed the horses.

Yes, I'm happy, they all make sense on their own.

Ah, here it is, here's the important thing.

The second idea is dependent on the first idea to make sense.

Let's just check, because my bike had been fixed, that doesn't make sense on its own, does it? Let's try the next one.

So you can be seen in the dark.

That also doesn't make sense.

If we leave the house now.

That also doesn't make sense.

So the important thing with these complex sentences is whereas we had compound, two main ideas with a Lego brick in the middle, in these complex sentences, we can't snap them in half and throw away the joining word.

In these sentences, the joining word is connected.

It is part of the second idea.

So if we were going to snap it in half, it would just be I was happy because my bike had been fixed.

The because, it's attached, it's connected to the second idea.

Let's look at these sentences again.

Can you see any joining words? I'm going to read them to you.

I was happy because my bike had been fixed.

Wear a bright jacket so you can be seen in the dark.

We can feed the horses if we leave the house now.

There are three different joining words.

See if you can spot them.

Maybe you could point, maybe you could whisper them to someone.

Maybe you could just say them to your hand.

Well done, the joining words are because, so and if.

We call these subordination joining words because they join a subordinate idea to a first idea.

True or false, we use co-ordinating joining words to join together two ideas in a complex sentence? Hmm, true or false? Pause the video now.

Well done if you spotted that that is false.

We use co-ordination joining words to join two ideas in a compound sentence, not a complex sentence.

Well done if you spotted that.

So a complex sentence is made up of a first idea that makes complete sense, a bit like both ideas do in a compound sentence.

And the second idea is a subordinate idea that does not make sense on its own.

Lizards like sunbathing, that's my main idea.

My second idea, my subordinate idea is because their bodies need warmth.

It doesn't make sense on its own.

And I can't just take away, separate the because and throw it away because the because is part of that second idea.

Birds build nests, there's my main idea.

Birds build nests, that makes sense on its own, so they have a safe place for their babies.

Well, I couldn't just say that by itself.

So they have a safe place for their babies.

It doesn't make sense, it is subordinate.

Dogs wag their tails, my main idea, my subordinate idea, when they are happy.

Bees collect pollen, there's my first idea, that they use to make honey, there's my subordinate idea.

So this is the really important key difference between a compound sentence and a complex sentence.

Compound sentences are made of two main ideas with like adjoining word Lego brick in the middle and both ideas make sense by themselves, but a complex sentence has a main idea and then a subordinate idea that starts with one of the subordination joining words.

Oh, we've got one more, a sneaky one that I didn't know was there.

Let's have a look at it.

Cats prefer to stay indoors, there's my main idea.

Cats prefer to stay indoors, that could be a sentence by itself, if it is raining outside.

Let's take a look at the two parts.

Main idea, subordinate idea.

If it is raining outside doesn't make sense by itself.

It is dependent on my main idea.

Subordinate ideas do not make complete sense on their own, because she was tired, that we baked this morning, when you are older, they depend on another idea in order to make sense.

Sophia went to bed because she was tired.

We shared a chocolate cake that we baked this morning.

You could be a doctor when you are older.

Each of the first ideas is the main idea.

It makes sense by itself.

Each of the second ideas is the subordinate idea and it is dependent on the first idea.

There are five joining words we use for subordination in complex sentences.

Are you ready to see them? Maybe, in fact, before I show them, can you shout some out to me? Do you know any already? We've just seen some in some sentences.

I think I saw an if.

Do you know any others? Shout them out.

I think I heard some, let's have a look.

Because is for giving a reason.

When is for giving a timeframe.

If is for giving conditions.

So is for giving a result.

That is for giving more detail.

So the subordination joining words are because, when, if, so, and that, and they all have a different purpose.

Let's go through that a bit more now.

Because is for giving a reason I am tired because I stayed up late.

There's my reason why, I'm giving a reason.

When is for giving a timeframe.

Let me think of an example.

I heard birds when I walked to school.

I heard birds when I walked to school.

Really I should say I heard birds singing when I walked to school.

It's giving me a timeframe.

Oh, you heard some birds, did you? When did you hear the birds? Ah, when you walked to school this morning.

If is for giving conditions, someone might say to you something like you can have a treat if you are really well behaved today or if you make really good choices today.

It's there's a condition.

You can't just have a treat, there's a condition.

You can have a treat if you do X, Y, or Z.

So is for giving a result.

You could say, for example, I felt tired so I went to bed.

You went to bed as a result of feeling tired.

And that is for giving more detail.

This is my jumper, I could give more detail.

This is my jumper that my mum knitted for me.

So let's check our understanding.

I would like you to circle the five, and there's a clue, there's five subordination joining words that you would use to make a complex sentence.

Can you pause the video now and do some circling? Off you go.

Well done, the subordination joining words are if, that, because, so and when.

If you got caught out and circled and, but or or, just remember that they are joining words, but they are co-ordination joining words used to make a compound sentence.

So we know that a compound sentence is formed of two main ideas and a co-ordinating joining word, that Lego brick in the middle.

Alex biked along the path and the wind whistled past him.

Alex biked along the path and the wind whistled past him.

There's my first idea, there's my second idea.

They both make sense by themselves.

They're joined with the Lego brick and, the co-ordination joining word.

We know that a complex sentence has a complete first idea and a second idea that is dependent on the first idea.

We can go for a bike ride, there's my first main idea, when you put on your helmet, there's my stretched second idea, which is dependent on the first one.

It doesn't make sense by itself.

Read the following sentences.

Put on your wellies or your feet will get wet.

We climbed the tall mountain peak that was covered in snow.

They both include two ideas.

They both include joining words.

But I want you to identify or find the complex sentence.

Remember, a complex sentence has got a main idea and a second idea that is dependent on the first one.

Can you pause the video while you think about the answer? Which of those sentences is a complex sentence? Okay, well done, let's look at this together.

So in the first example we have, put on your wellies, or, there's our joining word, your feet will get wet.

This is a compound sentence.

Both the ideas make sense by themselves and it's got the co-ordination joining word or.

In the second, sentence we have have, we climbed the tall mountain peak, it's our main idea.

And then I've stretched it and I've used the joining word which gives more detail, that was covered in snow.

My first sentence has the co-ordination joining word or to join two main ideas.

My second sentence uses the subordination joining word that to stretch my first idea.

But that second idea is subordinate.

It doesn't make sense by itself.

So for your next task, your final task of today, I would like you to first tick the complex sentences.

Then I would like you to circle the subordination joining words in these complex sentences.

So if you haven't ticked it, you won't need to circle anything 'cause it means it's not a complex sentence.

Here are the sentences.

Alex ate his ice cream quickly so it didn't melt.

Look how much snow has fallen.

Turn up the music and turn out the lights.

We'll have to go into the garden if more guests arrive.

So you need to first read each one, give it a tick if you think it's a complex sentence with a main and a subordinate idea.

And if you do think it's a complex sentence and you've ticked it, try and find the subordination joining word and circle it.

Pause the video now, good luck.

Well done, let's go through these together.

Alex ate his ice cream quickly so it didn't melt.

Alex ate his ice cream quickly, that's my main idea, so it didn't melt is my subordinate idea.

This is a complex sentence.

The subordination joining word is so, and I've circled it.

My subordination joining word, so, starts my subordinate idea.

Look how much snow has fallen.

This is only about one idea.

Look how much snow has fallen.

It's actually a simple sentence, it's a command, it's something you are telling me to do, but there's no joining word.

It's not a complex sentence.

Turn up the music and turn out the lights.

Hmm, turn up the music, that makes sense by itself, turn out the lights, that makes sense by itself.

And is a co-ordinating joining word.

So this is actually a compound sentence, so I'm not going to tick it.

I'm looking for complex sentences.

We'll have to go into the garden, that makes sense by itself, if more guests arrive.

Hmm, that doesn't make sense by itself.

It's dependent on the first main idea, we'll have to go into the garden.

So I think this is a complex sentence and the subordination joining word is if.

Well done if you managed to complete that task, you should feel really proud of yourselves.

So let's summarise what we've learned in our lesson today.

We've learned that a compound sentence is formed of two main ideas and a joining word.

Co-ordination joining words are used in compound sentences.

They are and, but, or.

A complex sentence is formed of one main idea stretched by a joining word that starts a subordinate clause or subordinate idea.

Subordination joining words are used in complex sentences.

They are words like because, so, when, if, and that.

Well, you have learned so much today.

You should feel really pleased with yourselves.

You now know how to write compound sentences with three different joining words and complex sentences with one, two, three, four, five different subordination joining words.

This is going to create so much variety in your writing.

Now don't worry if in every piece of writing you can't use all of these different joining words, but even if you just tried to include one compound or one complex sentence in your writing, I'm sure anyone would be seriously impressed.

So well done for working so hard, and I hope I see you again for some more learning soon, bye, everyone!.