Lesson video

Hello, everyone.

My name is Mrs. Riley, and I'm here today to do some grammar learning with you.

In today's lesson, we're going to learn two new types of sentence, and these sentences are going to be so useful when you come to do your writing.

So I hope you're ready to learn.

Let's get started.

The outcome of today's lesson is to join a simple sentence with when and if subordination.

Here are our key words for today's lesson.

These are the words that are going to come up over and over again.

I'm going to say each word, and then I want you to say it back to me so we can practise saying these really important words, so make sure you've got your listening ears ready and your loud speaking voices ready.

Here we go.

Joining word.

Well done.

Time frame.

Well done.

Conditions.

Stretch.

Complex sentence.

So don't worry if you're not sure what any of those words mean because we're going to talk about them lots and lots in our lesson.

The good thing is is that we've practised now saying them out loud.

So in today's lesson, we're first of all going to be looking at stretching with when.

So first I'd like you to listen to some sentences.

Are you sitting up straight and have you've got your listening ears ready? Andeep always smiles.

The little boy runs to his mum.

It is time to go home.

We love playing in the park.

These are all complete ideas.

They all make sense.

Did you hear that? Could you hear that they all made sense? These are all simple sentences.

These could all be sentences that we might find in a book we were reading, or they might be sentences that we might say.

They are called simple sentences, and they're about one idea.

Let's look at these sentences again.

Andeep always smiles.

The little boy runs to his mum.

It is time to go home.

And we love playing in the park.

Let's now try to stretch these first ideas with a joining word.

Are you ready? Andeep always smiles, oh, I'm ready to stretch that idea, when he sees his grandmother.

Ah, okay, so I've given a little bit of explanation about when it is that Andeep smiles.

I wonder if the next one will do the same? Let's have a look.

I wonder if it's going to tell me when the little boy runs to his mum? Let's have a look.

The little boy runs to his mum when he needs a big hug.

Oh, okay.

That makes sense.

It is time to go home, here, ready to stretch, when the bell rings.

I wonder if you've got a bell that rings at your school? And finally, we love playing in the park, let's try to stretch it, when the weather is beautiful.

Yes, I like playing in the park when the weather is beautiful, but on a rainy grey day, I don't like playing in the park quite as much.

Ah, okay, so can you identify, that means can you find, the joining word that we have used? What's the word that we've used to start stretching our idea? Can you have a look? All of the sentences have got the same joining word.

Have a look.

Perhaps you could point, or perhaps you might whisper it to someone if they're next to you.

What do you think this joining word is? It's an every single sentence.

Did you find it? The joining word is when.

Andeep always smiles when he sees his grandmother.

The little boy runs to his mum when he needs a big hug.

It is time to go home when the bell rings.

And we love playing in the park when the weather is beautiful.

When is the joining word that we've used to stretch our first idea.

When is a new type of joining word.

It stretches the sentence by giving a time frame for the first idea.

So you might know what time it is.

You might think about telling the time, or you might think about what time something happened, and you might think of a frame as a picture frame that you put a photo in.

So if you think about a time frame, it's telling us when something happens.

It's framing it almost with a time, giving it a time frame.

So it tells us when something happens.

It can be really useful when we're writing to tell the reader when something happens.

For example, if I was telling a story about a tiger, and I said, "The tiger roared," my reader might think, "Okay, I can imagine a tiger.

I can imagine a tiger roaring, but I don't know what's prompted the tiger to roar.

I don't know when the tiger has roared." So instead, I might stretch that idea and say something like, "The tiger roared when it saw the lion." And then I'm giving my reader more detail.

I'm telling the reader when the tiger roared.

So it's a really useful tool to have in our grammar toolkit that we can use in our writing.

So we could, for example, say the night seems brighter.

Hmm, I wonder if we could stretch that with some detail about when does the night seem brighter? Does it just seem brighter any old night? Let's have a look.

Ah, the night seems brighter when there is a full moon.

Actually last night there was a full moon, and it illuminated the whole sky.

It looked so beautiful.

So the night seems brighter when there is a full moon.

Well, here's another example.

We turn on the heater.

Okay, we turn on the heater.

Why do we turn on the heater? When do we turn on the heater? What's the reason? Let's see.

We turn on the heater, ah, when it gets cold in the winter.

We're now telling the reader when something happens.

We don't turn on the heater in the summer when it's hot.

We turn on the heater when it gets cold in the winter.

So let's check what we've just learned.

True or false? We use the joining word when to give a time frame to the first idea in the sentence.

Is this true or false? Pause the video while you think of your answer.

Well done, it is true.

We use the joining word when to give a time frame to the first idea in the sentence.

Here are some more examples of when being used to stretch a sentence by giving a time frame to that first idea.

The leaves fall off the trees when the seasons change.

The birds sing joyously when the sun rises in the morning.

The deer hid behind the trees when it heard footsteps in the forest.

Sentences that have been stretched using when are called complex sentences.

That's one of our key words, so let's just say it again.

My turn.

Your turn.

Complex sentences.

Well done.

So actually, stretching an idea using the word when is really easy, but if we do it, we've done this incredible thing and we've written a complex sentence, which is something that's really impressive.

So this is so useful in our writing.

So the second stretched idea depends on the first idea to make sense.

Here's an example.

Everyone starts to dance when the music starts.

The first idea is strong.

It makes sense on its own.

Here's the first idea.

Everyone starts to dance.

That could be a simple sentence if we put a full stop there.

Everyone starts to dance.

It's a strong idea.

It makes sense on its own, but the second idea is weak.

It does not make sense on its own.

When the music starts.

I couldn't, in a book, write a page which just says, "When the music starts," because that is an incomplete sentence.

So the second idea is dependent on the first idea.

It's needs the first idea.

Here's another example.

I will clear up this mess, there's our strong idea that can make sense on its own, and here's our second idea that depends on the first idea, when I am asked to.

I will clear up this mess when I am asked to.

The second idea needs to have the first idea in order to make sense.

So let's check what we've just learnt.

Which of these make sense on their own? a, I was sleeping.

b, when I put her bowl on the floor.

c, when the doorbell rang loudly.

d, the thirsty cat drank up all her milk.

Which of these make sense on their own? There might be more than one answer.

Can you pause the video while you think about your answer now? Okay, well done.

The correct answers are I was sleeping and the thirsty cat drank up all her milk.

Those two make complete sense on their own.

The other two start with when and they depend on another idea.

They can't make sense by themselves.

I couldn't, if I was writing a story on one page, say, "When I put her bowl on the floor." That doesn't make sense on its own.

So let's look at this sentence.

Are you looking? Are you ready? The children went quiet.

Again, I know the children went quiet, but I wonder when they went quiet? Let's see how many different ways we can stretch this sentence using when, and if you want, your ideas can be a little bit silly.

For example, you might say, "The children went quiet when an elephant walked into the room." I don't mind what your second ideas are, and I like it if they're funny, but what I want you to make sure you do is use when to stretch this idea of why the children went quiet, when did they go quiet.

So could you pause the video and perhaps with your partner you can think, or if you're by yourself, you could just say out loud a few different ways that we could stretch this sentence.

Off you go.

Okay, let's look at some examples.

So you might have come up with some funny ones.

Mine actually aren't that funny.

I hope you came up with some funnier ones than me.

So the children went quiet when the teacher clapped his hands.

(claps hands) Does your teacher ever clap their hands (claps hands) to get you all to be quiet and listen, I wonder? The children went quiet when the teacher handed out the quiz.

The children went quiet when the lights suddenly went out.

The children went quiet when the music stopped playing.

Maybe you were playing musical statues or something.

Okay, so we stretch that idea, and you can see there are so many different ways that we can stretch it.

Remember, these stretched ideas do not make sense when they're on their own.

They are dependent on that strong first idea to make sense.

So it's time for your first task today.

This is going to be a Talk Task, so we're not writing, we're just talking.

And what I'd like you to do is I'd like you to stretch these ideas with when.

Remember, when gives a time frame to the first idea.

The first idea is strong.

It can be by itself.

We're going to stretch that idea using the word when.

So here are those first main ideas for you to stretch.

Sam started crying.

We went outside to play in puddles.

The room warmed up.

Make sure you think carefully about a plausible second idea.

For example, it wouldn't make sense to say, "The room warmed up when it started to snow." Perhaps you might think about what would make the room warm up.

The room warmed up when, and then you could think about something that is plausible, that makes sense.

So for each of those ideas, I want you to say it out loud, but stretch it using when.

Pause the video while you complete this Talk Task.

Fantastic.

I heard some amazing sentences.

Let's look at some complex sentences that you might have thought of.

Sam started crying when the toy car broke into pieces.

We went outside to play in puddles when the rain stopped.

The room warmed up when we lit the fire.

So it's now time to look at our second learning cycle, which is stretching with if.

So we're still stretching, but we're not using when now, we're using if.

So just a reminder that a complex sentence contains one idea that makes sense on its own and another idea that depends on the first idea.

For example, the hungry bear woke up, there's my strong idea that makes sense by itself, when he smelled the sweet honey.

There's my stretched second idea that depends on the first idea to make sense.

The first idea in the sentence has been stretched by the joining word when.

The second idea in the sentence depends on the first idea because it does not make sense on its own.

We couldn't just say, "When he smelled the sweet honey." So let's check what we've learnt so far.

What is a complex sentence? Is it a, a sentence about one idea that makes complete sense? Is it b, a sentence formed of two simple sentences and a joining word? Or is it c, a sentence formed of a first idea joined with a second idea that is dependent on the first idea? Can you pause the video while you think about your answer now? Okay, well done.

The correct answer is c.

A complex sentence is a sentence formed of a first idea joined with a second idea that is dependent on the first one.

So let's look at these sentences.

The toy car will move faster.

The bread could burn.

The baby often cries.

Izzy will be happy.

Let's stretch these sentences with a joining word.

This time my joining word is going to be something different.

Perhaps you, as I'm reading them, can see if you can spot the new joining word.

The toy car will move faster if you push it down the ramp.

The bread could burn if you leave it in the toaster too long.

Perhaps some of you are noticing that new joining word.

The baby often cries if her nappy is wet.

Think I would cry if I was in a wet nappy.

Izzy will be happy if she receives a present.

Did any of you notice my new joining word? Perhaps you can hold it on your chest if you think you know what it is.

What's my new joining word? Hold it on your chest.

Are you ready to tell me after three? One, two, three.

Well done.

My new joining word is if, and here it is.

Can you see in every sentence I've used it to stretch my first idea with a second idea? So if is another type of joining word.

It stretches the sentence by giving conditions to the first idea.

Conditions was one of our key words, so let's find out what it means.

You can have ice cream if you finish your dinner.

So the second idea that comes after if gives a condition.

It tells us something that needs to happen first.

If you finish your dinner, the first idea that comes before if gives the result of that condition being met, you can have ice cream.

It tells us what will happen if the condition is met.

So we could think of any example that you might say to someone.

Perhaps we might start it with you can have.

Hmm, what could we say? "You can have, you can have have a huge present," and then we can think of a condition.

"You can have a huge present if," and then you could think of a condition that they would have to do.

So let's imagine you might say to a little child if they were making lots of bad choices.

You can say something like, "You can have a big present if you start to make lots of good choices." You're giving a condition.

You have to do something if you want that thing that comes first.

You're not just going to have it.

You can't just have the ice cream, you have to finish your dinner first.

It's a condition.

So the condition is finishing dinner, and then you can have the ice cream.

So if is a really, again, really useful joining word to use.

So let's look at this joining word if in some more sentences.

The flowers will bloom if they get enough sunlight and water.

The condition is that flowers are given sunlight and water.

If this happens, the flowers will bloom.

We might have to cancel our picnic if it rains today.

The condition is if it rains today, we might have to cancel our picnic.

So let's check what we've just learnt.

We've got three joining words here.

We've got because, if, and when.

I would like you to match them to their correct function.

Perhaps you could draw a line up in the air.

So the options are for giving a condition, for giving a time frame, saying when something happens, for giving a reason.

Have a think about this carefully and if you are not sure, maybe think of a sentence using each joining word.

So for example, I am going to make a sandwich because I'm hungry.

Okay, so now I've used the word because, so what was that doing? Was I giving a condition, a time frame, or a reason? That might be a little trick that might help you if you're finding this a little bit difficult.

So pause the video now while you have a go at this activity.

Okay, well done.

Let's see how you got on.

So because is for giving a reason.

A bit like in my example, I'm going to make a sandwich because I'm hungry.

I'm hungry is the reason I'm going to make a sandwich.

If is for giving a condition.

I will make you a sandwich if you tidy your room first.

There's a condition that has to be met if you want that sandwich.

And when is for giving a time frame.

I am going to make a sandwich when it is lunchtime.

I'm giving a time frame.

So let's look at some more sentences that have been stretched by if to give conditions to the first idea.

Your teeth might decay is the first idea.

You will get good grades.

He will feel tired in the morning.

So now let's look at the stretched condition that we have come up with for each one.

So your teeth might decay if you don't brush them every day.

You will get good grades if you work hard.

He will feel tired in the morning if he does not get enough sleep.

Look at this sentence.

We can go to the park.

How many different ways can we stretch it using if? So this is a bit like what we did earlier when we said the children went quiet when, and you had to come up with the ideas, and I said it could be silly like when an elephant walked in the room.

What could we say? How could we stretch this idea? This is our main idea, our strong main idea.

We can go to the park.

It makes sense by itself, but let's think how we could stretch it.

We can go to the park if.

Have a think of some options.

Maybe you might think of one, two, or even three.

Pause the video while you think about some options now.

Okay, let's look at some examples.

We can go to the park if the sun comes out.

We can go to the park if you finish your homework.

We can go to the park if you clean your room.

We can go to the park if you find your books, your books, your boots, sorry I read that wrong, if you find your boots.

So these are all conditions that have to be met if you want to go to the park.

These stretched ideas do not make sense when they're on their own.

They must be joined to that strong first idea to make sense.

I couldn't just write a sentence, "If the sun comes out." If I wrote that sentence, my teacher would say, "I'm afraid that doesn't make sense." So it is time for your second task.

I would like you to read these first ideas and then I'd like you to choose one, so you're only choosing one this time, but this time you are going to do some writing.

You're going to write a second stretched idea starting with that new exciting joining word if.

Remember, if gives a condition to the first idea.

So here are those first ideas that you could choose from.

He will be late.

We can go to the beach.

The cat usually meows.

So you need to pick one of those first ideas.

Think about how you could stretch it using if, practise saying it out loud a few times, and then write it down.

Good luck.

Pause the video now.

Well done.

Let's look at some complex sentences you might have written.

Remember, if gives a condition to the first idea.

He will be late if the traffic is bad.

We can go to the beach if it stops raining.

The cat usually meows if it wants to come inside.

So well done.

You should feel so proud of yourselves because you have just written your own complex sentence using the joining word if.

So let's summarise what we've learnt today.

We've learnt that when and if are types of joining word.

When stretches the first idea in a sentence to give a time frame.

If stretches the first idea in a sentence to give a condition.

When we stretch the first idea with when or if, we create a second idea that depends on the first strong idea.

Using when or if to stretch a first idea forms a complex sentence.

So well done for all your hard work today.

We have covered a lot.

We've covered two new joining words and two new ways of writing a complex sentence, and I'm sure these are going to be so useful when you do some writing.

Perhaps you could try and write include a complex sentence using when or if in your writing this week.

Thank you for trying so hard today, and I'll see you again another time.

Bye.