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Hello, and welcome to today's spelling lesson.

I'm Mr. Moss.

I love spellings, and I'm really looking forward to teaching you today.

In today's lesson, you'll need to bring with you your looking eyes, your listening ears, and your thinking brains, as well as that, something to write with and someone to talk to you would be excellent as well.

Let's get on with our spelling today then.

In today's lesson, we're looking at silent letters.

We're gonna be looking at the kn spelling in which the letter K is silent.

Our outcome is I can spell words with the kn representing the N phoneme or the uhn sound.

Keywords for today, and keep an eye for these, my turn, your turn, and I need to hear you say these back to me, grapheme, phoneme, homophone, word families, silent letter.

So grapheme, grapheme is a written representation of a sound.

Another way of referring grapheme is a written spelling.

A phoneme, phonemes are the smallest sounds that we break words up into.

So we are looking at the N phoneme, so that N sound, uhn.

And homophone, homophones are words that's sound the same, but are spelled differently and have different meanings.

They can sometimes trip us up in our spellings, so we have to keep an eye out for them.

Word families, word families are words that share form, pattern, and meaning.

And silent letters are letters in words that we do not pronounce.

The spelling is there, the grapheme, but you might not hear them, so you won't hear the phoneme.

So here is the outline for today's lesson.

We're going to be looking at silent letters, the kn spelling.

We are going to, first of all, spell some common exception words.

Then we're going to look at our kn spelling, and then we're gonna have a go at applying these spellings within a sentence.

Let's get on with looking at some common exception words then.

Common exception words are those words that do not follow our regular phonics patterns.

You may hear them referred to as trickier to read, or trickier to spell, or harder to read, or harder to spell.

I like to call them common exception words because they just don't follow our phonics patterns and can not then be worked out in that way.

They're words that really we just need to visibly look at, see them, and then memorise them.

Let's have a go at reading some words then, my turn, your turn.

Push, push.

I pushed open the door.

Pull, pull.

I pulled it towards me.

Have a look at these words again with me.

Have a go at saying them.

What do you think is tricky about them? What makes them common exception words? Pause the video and have a think.

Brilliant, some amazing conversations going on there.

For me, it's the fact that this U here isn't making a sound that I might expect it to normally make.

If I saw it in this context, I might expect it's make an uh uh sound or a U sound, okay? Push, it's making, no, isn't it? It's making an ooh ooh sound.

So I'm not saying puhsh or puhll, okay? It's making a ooh sound, push, okay? And then in the other instance here, the U is not making that sound, okay, at all.

It's actually making a different one, isn't it? Pull, ooh ooh sound, isn't it? So remember the letter U can make a variety of different sounds, okay? It's not always just going to make all one sound, one phoneme.

It can make a variety of different, it can represent a variety of different phonemes.

So, listen to the words I say and select the correct spellings.

Pull.

Point now to the correct spelling of the word pull.

Pause the video, point to it.

Brilliant, absolutely correct spelling of the word pull, this one here, right? Looks like it might be puh uh ull, puhll, but it's not.

It's pull.

Point to the correct spelling of the word push for me.

Pause the video now.

Brilliant, the correct spelling of push is this one here.

It's another common exception word.

Excellent.

So, because these are common exception words, a really good strategy to help us memorise them is the look, cover, write, check strategy.

I like the strategy because independent and repetitive and allows you also to practise your handwriting.

The way this works is, is by looking at the word.

So I look here at the word push, and then cover it up and I've memorised it.

I then write it and then I check back.

Ooh, I got that right, but I'm not just gonna do it right.

I'm not just gonna do it once, even if I get it right.

I'm gonna do it a number of times, okay, to really embed it in my long-term memory.

So I'd like you to pause the video now and have a go using this strategy to write the words, push and pull a number of times.

Pause the video, off you go.

Brilliant work, everybody.

So hopefully you've got push and pull written a number of times like this.

See how you did.

Did you spell them correctly? Do you have any corrections to make? Pause the video.

Share your learning.

Make any corrections now.

Excellent, onto our next learning cycle then, which is the kn spelling with our silent letter.

There are several ways the N sound or the uhn sound can be represented.

Let's look at these words, my turn, your turn.

Not, noon, winner, knot; Oh, notice there I heard a homophone, two words that sound the same, but are spelled differently.

You've got knot as in you should not do that, and I've got knot with this K at the beginning, which is I tied a knot in my shoelaces.

And finally we had the word knee.

Brilliant.

So I can see the N sound here represented in a lot of different ways.

I've got N just on its own.

I've got double N, and then I've got this strange kn here where I don't hear that K.

So a representation of the N sound includes kn, okay? This grapheme here, this digraph, kn representing that N or uhn sound.

This is far less common.

And the kn spelling can be known as having a silent letter.

Can you say that for me, silent letter? It's known as having a silent letter because you cannot hear that K, can you? I don't say kuh not or kuh nee.

I just say knee or not.

You're just hearing an uhn or an N sound, aren't you? So, which of these words uses kn to represent the N sound? Let's read them.

Sink, know, nuts, annoy.

Pause the video.

Decide which one uses the kn to represent the N sound.

Brilliant, absolutely it is know.

If I look at the others, sink, hmm that's an nk, isn't it? Make it ss ih unk, and I can hear the K.

If I look at nuts, it's just an N spelling to make the N sound, isn't it? And if I look at annoy, it's a double N.

In know, it's that kn.

I don't say kuh no.

I say know, and all I can hear there is an N sound, an uhn sound, know.

So we're gonna have great sound buttoning here.

I'm gonna do so, then you are going to do some.

So, I'm not gonna go kuh uhn ih tuh.

That wouldn't be right, would it? It's uhn ih tuh, knit.

So you see here our K and our N act together like a digraph, okay, a two letter representation of that one N sound.

Uhn ee, knee.

So I'm gonna put up some spellings now, and I'd like you to have a go at sound buttoning them.

Pause the video and sound button these words.

Off you go.

Brilliant, some excellent sound buttoning there.

Follow me along, see how you did.

Uhn awh kuh, knock like a knock at the door.

Uhn oh, know, and that ow is making an oh sound.

Remember ow can also make an ow sound too.

And then this one here, uhn igh tuh, knight, brilliant.

Yeah, you can see here we've got a digraph, then a trigraph, and then our T at the end there, knight.

And that's knight, okay, not as in nighttime, but a knight as in a knight in shining armour.

Brilliant, see how you did.

Excellent, so now that we've done that sound buttoning, it's actually quite a useful reason for doing it.

It's gonna allow us to have concentrated in on where this in spelling for this N sound is coming in a word.

So I want us to read these words now, and I want us to think, what do we notice about these spellings? Where's the K most commonly coming? My turn, your turn.

Know, knead, and this is in I knead the dough.

Okay, you roll it out.

Knee, knit like I knit something together.

Knob like a knob of butter, so a small amount that you might then put in a pan to heat up.

And knock like a knock on a door.

Pause the video.

Where is our kn spelling coming here? Have a think.

Amazing, some brilliant conversations going on there.

So I've noticed that the kn spelling is usually found at the beginning of a word if I look here.

Have a look at these words now.

What do you notice about the spellings here? Let's read the words.

Know, hmm, like I know the answer.

Known, he is a known person.

Knowing, knowledge, unknowing, unknowledgeable.

What do you notice about all of these words? Pause the video and have a think.

Do you notice maybe a word family here? Pause the video and have a think.

Some fantastic conversations going on there.

Some brilliant word consciousness I can see as well.

So many people are aware of what they're noticing here.

So, words connected in word families often have similar spellings.

So think about it, we've got here know, known, knowing, knowledge, unknowing, unknowledgeable.

This is all to do with whether you know or don't know something.

So it's that idea of knowing.

So we know that we're gonna have that kn, okay? Interestingly, these two here, we still have our kn then at the beginning of the root word 'cause it's still in that root word from the family, so know is that root word, but we've just added the prefix there un to the beginning of that.

Okay, so make it then the opposite of that.

So, let's have a look at some homophones then.

This is one of our keywords that we spoke about earlier.

Remember homophones are words that sound the same, but are spelt differently and have different meanings.

We have to really keep an eye out for 'em because they can make spelling a little bit tricky.

It's one of the really fascinating things about English.

So homophone alert, I need to finish my work.

You have something you need to do.

The recipe required me to knead the bread dough.

So that's you stretching and working with your hands the dough.

So again, they sound the same, but different meanings and different spellings.

Kneading the bread dough has that silent K in it, doesn't it? The stars are visible in the sky at night.

So that's nighttime darkness up in the sky.

The brave knight rode into battle.

Oh, this time with our KN spelling, it's a knight in a mediaeval knight.

So watch out.

No, I haven't seen the movie yet.

That's saying no.

And then I know the answer to the question, to do with knowledge, to do with your mind.

Again, they sound the same, but are spelled differently.

Wow, even more.

I do not have time for this, so it's a negative, I do not.

She tied a knot in the rope, and that's, again, you are tying a knot, tied together.

Again, spelled differently, but sounding the same, but different meanings.

Where is the kn spelling of that silent K usually found in the word? Is it a, the beginning, b, the middle c, the end, or d, anywhere in the word? Pause the video and select the correct answer now.

Brilliant, absolutely it is most commonly found at the beginning, and these words show that, know, knead, and knee.

So we're gonna have a go now at spelling some words, okay, some words that contain some silent letters.

So let's have a look at spelling these words.

When you spell them, make sure you stretch them, sound them out.

Count the sounds in them too, I find helps.

Write it and then read and check and think, Hmm, how do I apply my knowledge of my spelling rules here? Does this look right to me? 'Cause sometimes you can tell if the spelling looks right or doesn't look right.

You may have seen it before.

So let's go through our words.

Unknown, unknown, all one word, unknown.

The answer to the maths question was unknown so you didn't know it.

The next one, knot.

I tied a knot in the rope.

Remember to keep an ear up for your homophones here, be careful.

And finally, three, knight.

The knight wore armour, knight.

Brilliant.

Pause the video.

Have a go at writing these words.

I'll say them one more time, unknown, knot, knight.

Pause the video, off you go.

Fantastic work, everyone.

Amazing application of the rules that we've looked at here, knowing that our kn spelling of that silent K likes to come at the beginning of the word.

Brilliant handwriting as well.

Keep up your amazing spelling.

So, first one, unknown, I've seen it written like this, unown.

Hmm, don't know about that, unown.

Kind of looks like it could work.

That's the first one.

Next one, un uhn oh uhn, unknown.

Hmm, that looks more right to me, I think.

And then unkown, unk own.

Hmm, last one doesn't look right, does it? Okay, if we're thinking about our silent K, we know it likes the come before the N, and then we don't pronounce it.

So correct spelling absolutely is this one here.

It's that root word know that it has in it, which we know is spelled K-N-O-W.

And if you know that one, then you know the spelling of unknown.

I mean, we've added that preface un to the beginning, okay, unknown.

Excellent, number two was knot.

Now be careful, homophone alert here, right? So uhn awh tuh, knot.

First one could be right.

Uhn ah tuh, naht, don't think so, and uhn awt, not.

Ah, so I know it's gonna be my first or my last one.

Second one's not right at all.

Correct spelling is this one here.

It's that silent K.

Remember, N-O-T is also a word though, and this is a homophone, but it wouldn't work in that context of tying a knot.

That's a negative reply, isn't it? That is not the answer.

So K-N-O-T is your right one.

Final one, knight, uhn igh tuh, knite.

Uhn igh tuh, knite.

I'm looking for three sounds there, uhn ight.

Hmm, well, this first one is phonetically plausible, but I don't think I've seen that written like that before.

Uhn igh tuh, knight.

Hmm, yeah, well I do think this spelling of knight does have a silent K because our final spelling here, N-I-G-H-T, night, that's as in the night sky, isn't it, nighttime.

So the correct spelling is this one here, the knight in the shining armour.

So watch out in number two and number three for those homophones, those words that sound the same, but are spelled differently and have different meanings.

Brilliant work, everybody.

Make any corrections now.

Onto our final learning cycle then.

This is where we're going to be applying spellings within a sentence.

When we apply spellings, we're going to write a sentence containing some of our focus spellings and common exception words.

When we write the whole sentence, we need to do several things at once.

So really take our time.

Maybe even have a brain break before you move on to this part of the learning.

Remember the whole sentence, form letters correctly, sound out each word, look out for common exception words, and remember sentence punctuation, capital letters, full stops.

So just listen to me say the sentence first.