Lesson video

Hello everyone, my name's Mrs Riley and today I'm here to do some grammar learning with you.

Today we're going to be focusing on compound sentences and we're going to be looking particularly at how these can really help your writing to flow.

So I hope you're ready to learn and let's get started.

The outcome of today's lesson is to write a compound sentence using three different joining words accurately.

Here are our keywords for today's lesson.

I'm going to say each one and then I'd like you to repeat it back to me.

My turn, your turn.

Make sure you've got your listening ears ready and your loud speaking voices ready.

Here we go.

Flow.

Joining word.

Compound sentence.

Lovely.

And now let's do them with some actions.

So this can be our action for flow.

My turn, your turn.

Flow.

Lovely.

And joining word.

My turn, your turn with the action.

Joining word.

Well done.

And finally, my turn, your turn, this time with the action, compound sentence.

Well done.

So these are going to be our keywords for our learning today.

In today's lesson, we're going to first of all look at using and, but, and or, our three joining words.

Let's look at two ideas that are equally important.

The baby gurgled happily.

The grandfather smiled lovingly.

These two ideas can be combined into one compound sentence.

The first idea is the baby gurgled happily.

Gurgling is a sort of funny noise that babies might make before they can speak.

The second thing which is gonna come in here after our first idea is the grandfather smiled lovingly.

There are two different things happening, but we can put them both into one sentence to make a compound sentence.

The baby gurgled happily and the grandfather smiled lovingly.

We have joined our two ideas with the joining word and and we have made a compound sentence.

A compound sentence is formed of two simple sentences and a joining word.

This is how it might look.

So the first line is for our first idea, which might be the baby gurgled happily, and then we have our joining word, which in this case is and, and then we have the second idea, which in the case before was the grandfather smiled lovingly.

But we could also use the joining word but, or we could use the joining word or.

So we have three different choices of joining words that we could use as our Lego bricks to connect our ideas together.

Joining two simple sentences with and, but, or or is called co-ordination.

My turn, your turn.

Co-ordination.

Well done.

What does a compound sentence always contain? A, a joining word.

B, a question mark.

C, at least two ideas of equal importance.

D, at least two verbs.

Which of these are true? What does a compound sentence always contain? Pause the video while you have a think about the answer.

Okay, well done.

So a compound sentence must always contain a joining word, at least two ideas of equal importance, and then slightly trickier, at least two verbs.

That's because we know a compound sentence is two simple sentences joined together and to make a simple sentence, we have to have a verb, a being or doing word.

So that means if we've got two simple sentences joined together, we're going to have two verbs at least.

The three joining words each have different purposes.

So we can't just randomly select one, we can't just think, hm, I'm going to start my idea with the baby gurgled happily and then I'm going to use, hm, I fancy using or in this compound sentence, or the grandfather smiled lovingly because that doesn't sound right.

So we have to select the correct joining word, remember there's three that we can choose from, and they each have a different purpose.

And is for building on.

Can you do this action with me? And is for building on.

The second idea builds onto the first.

Here's an example.

The sun had risen and the birds were singing cheerfully.

The second idea about the birds builds onto the first idea about the sun rising.

But is for a positive and a negative, or it could be the other way round, a negative and a positive.

For example, the sun had risen but the silvery moon was still in the sky.

So it's not necessarily a good and a bad thing or a bad and a good thing, but they're different ideas, they are opposing each other.

And finally, we have or which can be for an option or it can be for an effect.

For example, you must wrap up warm or you might catch a cold.

If you don't wrap up warm, you will catch a cold.

It would be the second one, you might catch a cold, is an effect of the first one which is you must wrap up warm.

If you had an option you might say something like you must wrap up warm or you can stay inside, they're the two options you have.

So or can be used in two different ways.

So hopefully you're starting to see that these three joining words are used in different situations, they have different purposes.

So let's check what we've learned so far.

We use the joining word, or, for a positive and a negative.

Is this true or false? Pause the video while you think about the answer.

Well done, this is false.

But can be used for a positive and negative, but or is used for either two options or when the second idea is a result or an effect of the first one.

The joining word we choose to use helps us to clarify what we mean in our writing.

Clarify means to make it clearer.

Look at this first idea.

We can eat pizza, but we must not eat it every day.

Let's use the first idea again, but now let's try it with a different joining word.

So we've done we can eat pizza but we must not eat it every day, we've got to have a varied diet, now let's try we can eat pizza and.

What could we build onto that? Maybe have a little bit of thinking time.

Maybe you could finish that sentence for me.

We can eat pizza and.

Hm, what could we say next? Remember, it can't just be one word.

It couldn't be we can eat pizza and chips because chips isn't a whole simple sentence, it's not a complete idea, it doesn't make sense.

So remember whatever you add as your second idea has to make sense, it has to be a simple sentence that we can add on the end.

Pause the video while you think about something what we could use to complete this compound sentence.

Okay, let's have a look at an example.

We can eat pizza and we can enjoy pudding afterwards.

My idea about pudding builds onto my idea about eating pizza.

And finally, we could say we can eat pizza or.

Hm, what could we use here to complete this compound sentence? Perhaps again, pause the video and see if you can think of a second idea for this compound sentence.

Okay, well done.

Let's have a look at the example I've got.

We can eat pizza or we can have salad.

Ooh, I think I know which one would be a bit healthier.

So there we're giving two options using or.

Notice that the joining word we use changes the meaning of the compound sentence even if the first idea stays the same.

So, in every compound sentence there the first idea was we can eat pizza, but because we used three different joining words, we had to follow it up with three different ideas because the joining words all have a different purpose.

Let's complete these sentences by thinking of a second idea that follows on.

Remember to think about the purpose of each joining word.

And, first of all, is for building on.

So let's look at our first idea.

We walked up the hill and.

Hm, what could we say here that would build onto our idea about us walking up the hill? We're going to come back to it in a second, let's just look at all of our sentences first.

So but is used for a positive and a negative, opposing ideas.

The dog barked but.

Hm, what could we say here? Something that opposes, something that's different to the idea of the dog barking.

And finally, or is used for an option or an effect.

So here's our sentence, first sentence, tidy your toys or.

Hm, what could be the second part of our compound sentence there? So I'd like you to pause the video now and see if you can finish each compound sentence by coming up with a second idea that focuses on looking at which joining word we have and thinking carefully about, does it make sense with that joining word? So pause the video now while you have a go.

Well done.

Let's look at some examples of what you could have written.

So we walked up the hill and we could see for miles.

The second idea builds onto the first one.

We walked up the hill and we could see for miles.

Hm, for the second sentence we had the dog barked but there was no one at the door.

The dog barked but there was no one at the door.

And finally, tidy your toys or they might get lost.

If you don't tidy your toys, they might get lost, they might be the effect.

So well done if you came up with some different ideas to complete those compound sentences.

Let's check your understanding.

The joining word, and, is used A, for an option or an effect, B, for building on, C, for a positive and a negative.

Pause the video while you answer that question.

Well done, the correct answer is B, the joining word and is used for building on.

It's time for your first task.

I would like you to read the first idea and write a second idea to complete the compound sentence.

So in each compound sentence you've been given the first idea and you've been given the joining word, and you've got to complete the compound sentence by coming up with the second idea here.

So remember, and is used for building on, but is used for a positive and a negative, and or is used for an option or an effect.

So here we go, the first one is everybody sang Happy Birthday and.

So what could build onto that? Everybody sang Happy Birthday and.

You've got to think of the second idea.

Put your shoes on or.

Put your shoes on or.

It could be an option or it could be an effect.

The music played but.

What could come after that? So, think about this carefully, you might want to practise saying your sentence out loud to hear if you think it sounds right before trying to write it down.

Take your time, there's no rush, pause the video now.

Okay, well done, you worked really hard.

Let's look at some examples that you could have written.

So remember, and is for building on, but is for a positive and a negative, or is for an option or an effect.

So here are some examples.

Everybody sang Happy Birthday and he blew out the candles.

Yes, that definitely builds onto singing Happy Birthday.

Very often when you sing Happy Birthday to someone, they blow out the candles.

Put your shoes on or you will get wet feet.

You might've given an option there instead, for example, put your shoes on or put your wellies on.

The music played but nobody was dancing.

Oh, that's a shame.

So I wonder how you got on with that activity.

Do you notice how each joining word is used for a different purpose? Let's take a look at our second learning cycle.

Choosing joining words to make our writing flow.

Let's read this paragraph together.

Are you listening? Are you sitting up straight? Here we go.

The door slammed and the lamps flickered.

There was an eerie silence.

A shadow moved in the corner but no footsteps could be heard.

A chill ran down his spine.

Could it be some kind of animal or was it all in his imagination? Suddenly, a loud creak sounded out down the hall and he froze in fear.

He called out, "Is anyone there?" But only the sound of his own voice echoed in the stillness.

Ooh, that was a little bit frightening that paragraph, wasn't it? I wonder if you noticed anything about the flow of my paragraph or if you spotted any compound sentences.

So do you think this writing flows? Maybe show me thumbs up or thumbs down.

Do you think this writing flows? I think this writing does flow and I think the reason it flows is because we have nice variation.

We've got some longer sentences and some shorter sentences.

We've got compound sentences, but they use different joining words, they don't repeat, saying, for instance, if every compound sentence used and, we've got a variation of joining words.

So I think all those things make this writing flow.

Let's look at the writing again.

Can you spot a compound sentence for me? Here it is.

See if you can spot one or two, or maybe even three compound sentences.

There's quite a lot of writing there, so you might want to pause the video so you can scan to look for a compound sentence.

Remember, they're going to have those key words, those joining words, and, but, or or in the middle of the two ideas to connect them.

So pause the video while you have a scan now.

Okay, well done.

Well actually there were quite a few compound sentences in this piece of writing.

Here is the first one.

The door slammed and the lamps flickered.

Then we had, a shadow moved in the corner but no footsteps could be heard.

Then we had, could it be some kind of animal or was it all in his imagination? Then we had, suddenly a loud creak sounded down the hall and he froze in fear.

He called out, "Is anyone there?" But only the sound of his own voice echoed in the silence.

So we have used and, or, and but, we've used all three joining words.

And all of the variety of those joining words and some sentences also that are short, snappy sentences like, a chill ran down his spine, which is also really nice to include in our writing to make sure we have variation.

All of these things help to make our writing flow.

If, in this writing, every single sentence was a compound sentence and every single compound sentence was joined by and, it might sound a little bit repetitive and it might not flow.

For example, we might've said the door slammed and the lamps flickered.

The was an eerie silence and a shadow moved in the corner.

A chill ran down his spine and he wondered if it was an animal.

There was a loud creak and he froze in fear.

He called out and he didn't hear anything.

If our writing was like that, it wouldn't flow as well.

So, that's why we're trying to use a variety of sentences in our writing.

So using different sentence structures helps the writing flow well so that the reader can really enjoy it because that's what we want when we write things, we want the reader to really enjoy it.

So let's check what we've just learnt.

We can make our writing flow by A, using only simple sentences, B, using different sentence structures, C, including joining words, D, including lots of questions.

Pause the video while you think about your answer.

Okay, well done.

The correct answer is B and C.

We can make our writing flow by using different sentence structures and by including those joining words.

So let's look at these compound sentences.

Izzy fell off her bike or she hurt her knee.

Hm.

The weather is warm and it is about to rain.

Would you like pasta but would you prefer a sandwich? What do you notice about these compound sentences? Perhaps you might want to pause the video and have some thinking time.

They don't seem quite right to me, but I can't quite explain why.

Can you explain what is wrong with these sentences? Pause the video now.

Perhaps you noticed that in these compound sentences we have got a joining word in each one, but perhaps it wasn't the best choice of joining word with our two ideas.

Some joining words work better than others to join two ideas together and that's because we know that each joining word has a different purpose.

Izzy fell off her bike or she hurt her knee.

Hm, doesn't quite sound right.

The weather is warm and it is about to rain.

Would you like pasta but would you prefer a sandwich? None of these sound correct.

So let's think about fixing the problem and changing the joining word so that the writing flows.

So, for each of these sentences I'm going to cross out the joining word and let's think about which joining word we could replace it with.

Remember our options are and, but, and or.

So in this first example, Izzy fell off her bike, mm, she hurt her knee.

She hurt her knee builds onto the idea of her falling off her bike, so I think we should use the joining word and.

Izzy fell off her bike and she hurt her knee, straight away that flows much better.

The weather is warm and it is about to rain.

Hm, that again doesn't sound right.

The weather is warm, but it is about to rain.

Ooh, that sounds a bit better.

The weather is warm or it is about to rain.

That also doesn't sound right.

So I think we should use the weather is warm but it is about to rain.

We've got a positive and a negative, but is the joining word which helps to make this sentence flow.

Would you like pasta but would you prefer a sandwich? No, that doesn't sound right.

Would you like pasta and would you prefer a sandwich? That also doesn't work.

But, would you like pasta or would you prefer a sandwich? That fits perfectly because we've got two options and so or is going to be the joining word that fits best in this compound sentence.

It's going to help our writing to flow.

Could you now identify the sentence that uses the correct joining word? Your options are, the dog barked loudly or the cat was not afraid, the dog barked loudly but the cat was not afraid, or the dog barked loudly and the cat was not afraid.

Which of these compound sentences uses the correct joining word? Pause the video while you think about the answer.

Well done if you chose the dog barked loudly but the cat was not afraid.

Even though the dog barked loudly, the cat was not afraid.

These are two opposing ideas because you would think if the dog barked loudly that the cat would be afraid, but it was not.

So but is the joining word which helps this compound sentence to flow.

Look at these sentences.

Which is the best joining word to fill in the gaps? We've got but, or, or and.

We could get the train, mm, we could travel in the car.

We could get the train, mm, it might be delayed.

We could get the train, mm, we could play cards on the way.

If you feel confident, pause the video now and have a little think about which joining word fits best.

If you're not confident, then carry on listening because I'll same them again with an action to give you a little hint.

We could get the train, mm, we could travel by car, in the car.

We could get the train, mm, it might be delayed.

We could get the train, mm, we could play cards on the way.

So if you're ready now, pause the video while you think about which joining word to go in which gap.

Okay, well done, let's go through the answers.

So, we could get the train or we could travel in the car.

We've got two options so we're using or.

We could get the train but it might be delayed.

We've got a positive and a negative so we used but.

We could get the train and we could play cards on the way.

We're building on the first idea, so we're using and.

So it's time for you to do this now for your task.

The joining word used in each of these sentences is incorrect.

So I've tried to use some, I've tried my hardest, but I've made some mistakes.

So I would like you to identify, that means to spot, the joining word and then cross it out and change it to make the sentence flow.

So you're basically being like my teacher.

You're looking at the sentences I've written, finding the joining words that I've used, and then you're going to try to change them to improve my writing.

So, let's swap roles, are you ready to be the teacher? Great.

So here are my sentences for you to check.

Wear your hat in the sun and your skin will burn.

Hm.

Let's get an ice cream but we can sit by the pool.

There are dark clouds over there or the sun is shining.

So remember, first I want you to find the joining word, cross it out, and change it for a joining word which you think makes my writing flow better.

Pause the video now.

Well done, let's go through the answers.

So, for the first one.

Wear your hat in the sun and your skin will burn.

And is the joining word, but it would be much better if it was or.

It's an effect.

Wear your hat in the sun or your skin will burn.

But is the joining word in the second compound sentence.

Let's get an ice cream and we can sit by the pool.

The second idea builds onto the first one, so we should use the joining word, and.

And finally, or is the joining word in the final sentence, but it would be much better if it was, there are dark clouds over there, but the sun is shining.

There are dark clouds over there, that's a negative, but the sun is shining, right now the sun is shining, so a positive and a negative.

So, let's summarise what we've learned today.

We have learned that and, but, and or are three different joining words.

The joining word we use changes the meaning of our compound sentence.

Using different sentence structures helps our writing to flow.

Some joining words help sentences to flow better than others.

So we can't just use any joining word in any compound sentence.

We have to think about the purpose of each joining word and we have to listen to how it sounds to hear if it sounds right and if it flows.

So I would love it this week if you had a go at writing some compound sentences and if you could think really carefully about which joining word to use to make your writing flow really nicely.

Well done for your hard work today, you should feel extremely proud of yourselves because you've learnt an awful lot.

So well done and hopefully I'll see you again soon.

Bye.