Lesson video

Hello, everyone.

My name is Mrs. Riley.

And I'm here today to do some grammar learning with you.

Sometimes when we write simple sentences, it can be a little bit restricting that they're only about one idea.

So today, we're going to learn to join two ideas together in a new and exciting type of sentence.

I hope you're ready to start some learning.

Let's get started.

The outcome of today's lesson is to join two simple sentences with and.

Here are our keywords.

I'm going to say each one and I'd like you to repeat it back to me.

Are you ready? Joining word.

Compound sentence.

Well done.

Our first learning cycle today is about compound sentences.

But before we look at those, we're going to just recap what are simple sentences.

So let's listen to some simple sentences.

Dolphins swim gracefully.

The turtle moves slowly.

Sharks patrol the deep sea.

The octopus hides.

All of these sentences are about one idea.

How many ideas are these simple sentences about? One, that's right.

Let's just check that.

The first sentence is about how dolphins swim.

That's it.

The second one is about how turtles move.

The third one is about sharks patrolling the sea.

And the last one is about an octopus hiding.

There's not anything else happening in the sentence.

There's just one idea.

And they all contain a verb.

A verb is a being or doing word.

Your turn.

A verb is a, well done, a being or a doing word.

In these sentences, the verbs are doing words.

All of the animals are doing something.

Let's see what they're doing.

Dolphins swim gracefully.

Perhaps if you can spot the verb in that sentence, you could hold it on your chest.

And after I count down three, two, one and go like this, you could tell me what the verb is.

Dolphins swim gracefully.

The verb is, three, two, one.

Well done, swim is the verb.

It's what the dolphins do.

Get ready for the next one, hold the verb on your chest.

The turtles move slowly.

Have your answer ready? Three, two one.

Well done, moves is the verb.

It's what the turtles do.

Sharks patrol the deep sea.

Hold the verb on your chest.

Three, two, one.

Patrol is the verb.

If you patrol, it's an expedition to keep watch over a certain area.

The octopus hides.

Hold the verb on your chest.

Three, two, one.

Well done, it just hides.

That's the thing that the octopus is doing.

Okay, so we have reminded ourselves of some features of a simple sentence.

They all start with a capital letter and most commonly end with a full stop.

Let's check our examples.

Oh, yes, capital D for dolphins and a full stop at the end.

A capital T for the and a full stop at the end.

A capital S for sharks and a full stop at the end.

And finally, a capital T for the and a full stop at the end.

So the features that we've gone over are that simple sentences are about one idea, they contain a verb, and they have a capital letter at the beginning and a full stop at the end.

So a simple sentence must, A, express an opinion, B, contain a verb, C, be about one idea, or D, be written in the past tense.

Which of these options is true of a simple sentence? Remember, there could be more than one option.

Pause the video while you have a think about that now.

Okay, well done.

So the correct answers are a simple sentence must contain a verb, a being or doing word, and be about one idea.

We can also write sentences about two ideas.

This is our new learning for today.

We can use a joining word to help us to join the second idea to the first idea.

Here's an example.

Here's a simple sentence.

The sea is cold.

This is my idea one.

It is about one idea only.

Here's my second idea.

The waves are powerful.

So I've got two simple sentences.

Both contain a verb.

In the first simple sentence, the sea is cold, is is the being verb.

In the second sentence, the waves are powerful, are is the being verb.

Both ideas make sense on their own.

So how could we join these two sentences together? Which word could we use to join my two sentences together? The sea is cold, mm, the waves are powerful.

Have some thinking time.

Well done if you got the answer and.

And is our joining word.

It can join two simple sentences together.

Let's read my sentence now.

The sea is cold and the waves are powerful.

Where my hands are, here, look, it's like the Lego brick joining the two ideas or the two simple sentences together.

Joining two simple sentences with and forms a compound sentence.

Can you say that with me? Ready? A compound sentence.

Well done.

It's made up of two ideas or two simple sentences joined with and.

Let's check what we've just learned.

Which word can be used to join two sentences together? A, is, B, the, C, are, or D, and.

Pause the video while you think about the answer.

Well done.

The correct answer is and can be used to join two sentences together.

A compound sentence is formed of two simple sentences and a joining word.

The turtle moves slowly is my idea one.

The fish follow closely is my idea two.

They are both simple sentences.

The second idea builds on the first idea.

The second idea is related to the first idea, and it's adding to what we already know.

You might know the word related because you might think about, if you are related to someone in your family.

I am related to my mum or my cousin.

They are in my family.

We are related.

You might also know the word relation.

They are a relation of mine.

Again, it's someone who is related to you.

You're connected to them.

And just in the same way, the second idea is connected to the first idea.

It wouldn't make sense to say, the turtle moves slowly and I like beef burgers, because the second idea, I like beef burgers, isn't related to the turtle moves slowly.

They're completely separate ideas.

But the turtle moves slowly and the fish follow closely are related.

The second idea builds onto the first idea.

And and is the word that joins them together.

The joining word and joins the two simple sentences together to form a compound sentence.

True or false? The second idea in the sentence must be completely different to the first idea.

True or false? Pause the video now.

Well done, it's false.

The second idea must relate to the first idea.

It must build on the first idea, so it cannot be completely different.

Let's try to match the simple sentences together and use the joining word and to make a compound sentence.

Here are our first ideas.

We played outside.

Jun went to the cinema.

The dog jumped up.

So they're all our idea one in each sentence.

Let's look at the second ideas.

The film was scary.

The cat ran away.

The sun was hot.

So we're going to try and see if we can connect these two sentences using the joining word and, but we've got to think carefully about which ideas are related to each other, which second ideas build onto the first one.

Let's look at the first example in detail so that we can think about that more clearly.

So we played outside.

Let's just try it with the first one.

We played outside and the film was scary.

Hmm, we played outside and the film was scary.

Those ideas aren't really related.

They're about two different things, so I don't think that can be correct.

We played outside and the cat ran away.

Hmm, that one could work because maybe you disturbed the cat by playing too noisily.

But I think the third example is the best.

We played outside and the sun was hot.

The sun was hot is building onto the information in the first sentence, that we were playing outside.

It's describing what it was like outside.

So let's look at the next one.

Jun went to the cinema and the film was scary.

The second idea builds onto the first idea.

They are related.

The film was scary is describing what Jun's experience was like at the cinema.

The dog jumped up and the cat ran away.

The cat is running away because the dog jumped up.

The ideas are related.

The second idea builds onto the first.

So now we can join those first and second ideas with the joining word and to make a compound sentence.

Here we go.

We played outside and the sun was hot.

Jun went to the cinema and the film was scary.

The dog jumped up and the cat ran away.

We have made some compound sentences.

Let's check your understanding.

Joining two simple sentences with and forms a compound sentence.

Is it true or false? Pause the video now.

Well done, it's true.

Two simple sentences with and form a compound sentence.

Identify the compound sentences with a tick.

Identify means we need to look at it and try and spot the compound sentences.

Here are examples.

The weather is cold and people drink hot chocolate.

Kites fly in the sky.

Andeep paints a picture and the colours are bright.

Sam jogs in the park.

The beach is hot and the children play in the sea.

It is crowded and people talk loudly.

So, for each sentence, you need to, first of all, give it a tick if you think it is a compound sentence, a sentence with two ideas joined together by the joining word and.

And once you've done that, you can underline the joining word if there is one.

Pause the video while you complete this task.

Good luck.

Well done.

Let's go through the answers together.

Okay, let me bring up all of the examples.

Oh.

Okay, so in the first one, the weather is cold and people drink hot chocolate.

Hmm, I think that's about two ideas.

The first idea is the weather is cold and the second idea is people drink hot chocolate, and it's joined with the joining word and, so I'm going to give it a tick.

Maybe you saw that tick sneak up a bit early.

The second sentence is, kites fly in the sky.

Hmm, kites fly in the sky.

That's only about one idea, about the kites flying in the sky.

And I can't see a joining word, so I don't think that is a compound sentence.

Number three, Andeep paints a picture and the colours are bright.

Andeep paints a picture and the colours are bright.

That's about two ideas joined with and, so I think that is a compound sentence.

I'm gonna give it a tick.

Sam jogs in the park.

Sam jogs in the park.

That's only got one idea, so it's not a compound sentence.

The beach is hot and the children play in the sea.

Two ideas, it is a compound sentence.

And finally, it is crowded and people talk loudly.

That also has two ideas, so that is also a compound sentence.

Now let's underline the joining word.

So we've got and, the weather is cold and people drink hot chocolate.

We didn't have a joining word in the second one.

In the third one, we've got Andeep paints a picture and the colours are bright.

Sam jogs in the park, we don't have one.

The beach is hot and the children play in the sea.

And it is crowded and the people talk loudly.

Well done if you spotted those joining words.

Okay, let's look at our second learning cycle using and.

So a compound sentence joins two simple sentences together.

Each simple sentence is an equally important idea.

If we imagine them on a balancing scale, they would weigh the same.

I like to read, idea one.

I like to write, idea two.

I could join these with a joining word and.

I like to read and I like to write.

If we put those on a balancing scale, the scales are balanced.

Both are sentences, simple sentences, are equally important.

For the scales to be balanced, each simple sentence must make complete sense on its own.

Let's look at some examples of compound sentences and imagine what they'd look like on a balancing scale.

Here's our balancing scale.

The flower is red and green.

Hmm, what would that look like? My first idea is the flower is red.

My second idea is green.

Will that balance? Perhaps you could show me what the balancing scales will do.

Well done.

They're going to tip because the flower is red is a simple sentence, but green is just one word.

It's not a simple sentence.

So our weighing scales are not balanced.

The scales are unbalanced.

It's not a compound sentence.

Let's look at another example.

The flower is red, the first idea is the same, and the leaves are green.

What's that going to look like, can you show me? Well done, it's balanced.

The scales are balanced because both ideas are equally important.

And this is a compound sentence.

Let's check that understanding.

Both ideas in a compound sentence must, A, include an adjective, B, make sense on their own, C, be written in the present tense, D, be of equal importance.

Can you pause the video now? Remember, there might be more than one answer.

Well done, the correct answer is B and D.

Sorry, the correct answers are B and D.

Compound sentences must make sense on their own and be of equal importance.

Let's look at some sentences.

Are you ready? With each sentence, we must check that the second idea builds on the first idea, both ideas are equally important on our scales, the scales are balanced.

Okay, so here are our sentences.

The children made a snowman and the parents watched them.

We sat on the train and the seats were comfy.

The birds sing happily and quickly.

Sofia went to the shop and bought an apple.

Could you pause the video, and look at each sentence again, and see if the second idea builds on the first idea, and if both ideas are equally important, and if they're balanced on our scales? Pause the video while you think about that now.

Okay, well done.

Let's go through each example.

So the the children made a snowman and the parents watched them.

The second idea builds on my first idea.

The parents watched the children because they were making a snowman.

The ideas are related.

Both ideas are equally important.

Two things are happening.

The children are making a snowman, the parents are watching them.

If I put that on the scales, they would balance.

Let's look at the next example.

We sat on the train and the seats were comfy.

And is my joining word.

The seats were comfy, it relates to the idea of the train.

The second idea builds onto the first.

And both ideas are equally important.

The birds sing happily and quickly.

Hmm, now, here, my first idea is the birds sing happily.

But my next idea, my second idea is quickly.

Quickly is not a simple sentence.

It's just one word.

If we put this on our scales, they would tip, they would not be balanced.

So this is not a compound sentence.

It does make sense.

The birds were singing happily and quickly.

It makes sense, but it's not a compound sentence.

Sofia went to the shop and she bought an apple.

This is a compound sentence.

The first sentence is, Sofia went to the shop, and the second sentence or the second idea is, she bought an apple.

And we have connected or joined them using the joining word and.

My second idea builds onto my first idea, and they are equally important.

True or false? Aisha wears a red and yellow dress.

This is a compound sentence because it contains the joining word and.

Pause the video while you think about the answer.

Well done if you spotted that this is false.

Aisha wears a red dress is my first idea and yellow dress.

Now, yellow dress is not a simple sentence.

It does not make sense by itself.

It is just a phrase, it's just two words.

This would not balance on our scales.

So even though we've got the word and, this is not a compound sentence.

Let's write a compound sentence using and to join the two sentences together.

Here's a picture of a tree.

Think of one simple sentence.

Can you think of one, one simple sentence about the tree? What might you say about it? Here's my example.

The tree is tall.

It's a simple sentence.

It's got a noun, tree.

It's got a verb, is.

The tree is tall.

It's got a capital letter and a full stop.

It's about one idea and it makes sense.

Now we're going to think of another simple sentence.

What else could we say about the tree? Have some thinking time.

My example is, the branches are bare.

It looks like it might be winter because there's no leaves on them.

Again, I've got a capital letter and a full stop.

I've got a being verb, are.

Branches are the noun.

It makes sense and it's about one idea.

So this is another simple sentence.

So we're going to try and write a compound sentence using the word and by joining these two ideas together.

What would that look like? Have some thinking time if I joined these two ideas together using the word and.

If you want, you can pause the video.

Okay, well done.

Here's how it would look.

The tree is tall and the branches are bare.

The tree is tall and the branches are bare.

We have written a compound sentence.

Let's write another compound sentence using the word and to join two sentences together.

This time we've got a different picture.

It looks like a picture of a beautiful beach.

Think of one simple sentence.

Have a think, what could you say about this picture? My example is, I watch the beautiful sunset.

Can you see how the sky has gone a little bit orange in the distance near the horizon? That's what happens at sunrise and sunset.

Think of another simple sentence.

What else could we say about this picture? Have some thinking time.

My example is, the sky goes orange.

So let's join those two sentences together.

I watch the beautiful sunset and the sky goes orange.

I watch the beautiful sunset and the sky goes orange.

We've written a compound sentence.

Right, it's time for your last task for today's lesson.

It's now time for you to write a compound sentence about this scene using and to join two simple ideas together, two simple sentences together.

Oh, here's the picture, isn't it beautiful? Gosh, I wish I was standing there right now looking at that beautiful scene.

So remember that your second idea must build onto the first idea.

You couldn't say something like, the water glistened on the lake and I had fish and chips for my tea last night.

Those two ideas aren't related.

The second idea has got nothing to do with the first idea, so make sure your second idea builds on the first idea.

Make sure both ideas are equally important.

You can't say something like, the lake is beautiful and calm, because calm is not a simple sentence.

Those two ideas aren't balanced.

So the scales must be balanced.

Just try to remember that when you write your sentence.

So it's time for you to complete this task.

If you're a little bit unsure, you could always, as we did before, just first of all start by writing two simple sentences, and then you could try and write it below, join them together using the word and, or another thing you might find useful is just saying your sentence out loud a few times before you write it down.

Once you've written your sentence, make sure you take time to go back and read it through, because I often find, when I've written a sentence, that when I read it back, I forget some.

I've realised I've forgotten something really important, like a capital letter, or a full stop, or I might see a spelling mistake, or I might see I've forgotten a finger space, so we always should practise reading our sentences back to check for mistakes.

Pause the video now while you write your sentence.

Good luck.

Okay, well done.

Let's take a look at what your compound sentence could have looked like.

We climb the tall mountain and the view is amazing.

The flowers are bright and the trees are tall.

There is freezing snow on the mountain and the lake is icy cold.

The flowers are pink and the water is clear, crystal blue.

All of those compound sentences are about two ideas.

If we put them on some scales, they would be balanced.

And the second idea builds onto the first idea.

So let's summarise what we learned today.

We learned that a simple sentence contains a verb and makes complete sense on its own.

We learned that and is a joining word.

Joining two simple sentences with and forms a compound sentence.

The second idea builds on the first idea if and is used to join the two sentences.

And each idea holds equal importance in the sentence.

So well done for all your hard work today.

You can now write a compound sentence.

So in your next English lesson or in a lesson where you're doing some writing, you could now write a sentence about two ideas and join them together using the word and.

Well done for your hard work.

And I'll see you again soon.

Bye.