Lesson video

Hello, everyone.

My name is Mrs. Riley, and I'm here today to do some grammar learning with you.

In today's lesson, we're going to be looking at sentences that have two ideas, and we're going to be looking at two different ways that we can join them together.

I hope you're ready to start your learning.

Let's get started.

The outcome of today's lesson is to join two simple sentences with 'but'.

Here are key words for today.

I'm going to say each one, and I'd like you to repeat it back to me.

Are you ready? Joining word.

Compound sentence.

Oppose.

Well done.

Perhaps, we could say our compound sentence keyword with an action.

Are you ready? I'm going to say it with the action, and then I'd like you to repeat it with the action.

Compound sentence.

Your turn.

Well done.

Don't worry if you're not sure what oppose means, because we're going to look at that later in the lesson.

We're going to start off by revising, reviewing compound sentences.

So first, before we think about compound sentences, let's go right back to basics and think about simple sentences.

Simple sentences contain one idea.

Sofia likes hockey.

That's one idea.

But we can also write sentences about two ideas.

Sofia likes hockey and she likes reading.

Sofia likes hockey is my first idea.

She likes reading is my second idea.

We can use a joining word to help us to join these two sentences together.

Sofia likes hockey and she likes reading.

Two simple sentences joined together with a joining word is called a compound sentence.

Here are some compound sentences joined together by 'and'.

Are you looking? Are you listening? Here we go.

The flowers are blooming and the bees are buzzing.

Andeep scootered to school and he arrived just in time.

Izzy reads a story and she is smiling.

The class are painting and they are using bright colours.

The second idea builds on from the first idea when 'and' is used to join them.

Let's just look at that, let's look at the first sentence to check if that's true.

So the flowers are blooming is my first idea.

The second idea is the bees are buzzing.

So let's check.

Does the second idea build onto the first idea? Yes, it does, because the sentence is about, the first part is about the flowers blooming and the bees buzzing is related to that idea.

We know that bees get pollen from flowers, so bees and flowers are connected.

They are linked.

The second idea builds onto the first idea.

If I said the flowers are blooming and the mountain is snowy, that's not really related.

The second idea, the mountain is being snowy doesn't build onto the first idea of the flowers blooming.

In fact, if the flowers were blooming, I doubt the the mountain would be snowy.

So we're always trying to think, make sure that our second idea builds onto the first one when we're using 'and'.

So let's check your understanding so far.

A compound sentence is made up of A, a joining word, B, a command, C, two equally important ideas, or D, one simple sentence.

What is a compound sentence made up of? Pause the video, and remember there might be more than one option.

Well done.

The correct answer is a compound sentence is made up of a joining word and two equally important ideas.

It is very important that both ideas in a compound sentence make complete sense.

Izzy reads a story.

That's my first idea, and she is smiling.

That's my second idea.

The trees are swaying and green.

Hmm.

Now in my first example, both parts of my compound sentences made sense by themselves.

Izzy is reading a story.

Sorry, Izzy reads a story.

She is smiling.

They both make sense.

They're both simple sentences that we have joined with 'and'.

But in this example, the trees are swaying.

That makes sense, but green doesn't make sense.

These would not balance on our scales.

So what could we replace with green to make this a proper compound sentence? Have some thinking time.

The trees are swaying and, hmm, what could we say? Remember, it's got to make sense by itself.

Pause the video if you like while you think about that.

I wonder if you came up with something.

Here's my example.

The trees are swaying and the leaves are rustling.

Ah, now that makes sense, because the leaves are rustling make sense by itself, but it also builds on my first idea, because if the trees sway, it would make the leaves rustle.

They would make a sound.

Each of these ideas are of equal importance.

They would be balanced on a scale.

And here our scales so you can see that.

So there are two examples of compound sentences using 'and' to join them.

Okay, true or false? Both ideas in a compound sentence must be of equal importance, true or false? Pause the video while you think about the answer.

Well done.

The answer is true.

Both ideas in a compound sentence must be of equal importance.

Let's decide if these sentences are simple sentences, and if they are, we're going to write SS, simple sentences, or compound sentences, in which case, we're going to write CS.

Right, let's have a look at our examples.

Jun eats rice for lunch.

Jun eats rice for lunch and it tastes delicious.

Jun eats rice and chicken for lunch.

Jun eats rice for lunch but no dessert.

If you want, you can pause the video while you think carefully about whether each sentence is a simple sentence or a compound sentence.

Pause the video now.

Okay, let's go through each one.

So Jun eats rice for lunch.

That's only about one idea.

So that is a simple sentence.

Jun eats rice for lunch and it tastes delicious.

This is about two ideas.

The second idea builds onto the first idea.

Both parts of my compound sentence make sense by themselves.

Jun eats rice for lunch.

It tastes delicious.

I've joined them using the joining word 'and', so this is a compound sentence.

Jun eats rice is a simple sentence, 'and' is the joining word.

And then if I look at the second idea, chicken for lunch.

Hmm, does that make sense by itself? If I read a story on a one page it said chicken for lunch, that wouldn't be a complete simple sentence.

So therefore, this is a simple sentence.

It is not a compound sentence.

If I had this on my balancing scales, Jun eats rice for lunch.

Sorry, Jun eats rice would be heavier than chicken for lunch.

Because chicken for lunch, even though they're both three words, chicken for lunch doesn't make sense.

It's not a simple sentence, but Jun eats rice is a simple sentence.

Let's look at the last example.

Jun eats rice for lunch but no dessert.

Hmm, well, Jun eats rice for lunch is the first part of my sentence, but no dessert, that doesn't quite work.

Perhaps, we could change it to Jun eats rice for lunch and he has cake for dessert.

And then we've got a compound sentence.

These are compound sentences because a joining word joins the two simple sentences together.

It's time for a task.

I would like you to identify which sentences are simple sentences and which are compound sentences.

If you think it's a simple sentence, I'd like you to write SS.

If it's a compound sentence, I'd like you to write a CS.

Here are our examples.

Andeep reads a story.

The sun is shining and the sky is clear.

We eat pasta and tomato sauce.

Andeep reads a story and his mother listens carefully.

Once you've decided if it's a simple sentence or a compound sentence and written SS or CS next to it, choose one sentence and say: This is a compound sentence because.

And explain how you know that it is a compound sentence.

So you'll have to choose one of the sentences that you put a CS next to, to make that work.

So could you pause the video now while you have a go at this two step task.

First, write CS or SS depending on if it's a compound sentence or simple sentence.

Then pick one of the compound sentences and say: This is a compound sentence because.

And explain how you know.

Pause the video now.

Okay, well done.

Let's go through this task.

So Andeep reads a story is a simple sentence, I've written SS.

Only one thing is happening in that sentence.

Andeep reads a story.

There's only one idea, therefore, it is a simple sentence.

The sun is shining and the sky is clear.

The sun is shining and the sky is clear.

I've got two ideas.

One is that the sun is shining and the second is that the sky is clear, and I've joined them with 'and'.

So this is a compound sentence.

Andeep reads a story and his mother listens carefully.

Andeep reads a story and his mother listens carefully.

This is a compound sentence.

We eat pasta and tomato sauce.

This one was a bit more tricky because we eat pasta is a simple sentence.

It makes sense by itself.

We've got our joining word 'and', but tomato sauce isn't a sentence.

It doesn't make sense by itself.

So this is only a simple sentence.

Even though it had 'and' in there, it doesn't join two simple sentences together, and therefore, it is not a compound sentence.

Sorry, that one was a bit mean.

Okay, here is what you might have said when you explained why your compound sentence was a compound sentence.

You might have said, "This is a compound sentence because both ideas make complete sense." You might have said, "This is a compound sentence because a joining word joins two ideas together." Or you might have said, This is a compound sentence because both ideas are of equal importance." Let's look at our second learning out cycle using 'but'.

Here is another sentence about two ideas.

I walks to the park, but it started raining.

Can you identify the two separate ideas in this sentence? Pause the video while you think about that.

What are the two separate ideas in this sentence? Okay, well done.

The two ideas are, I walked to the park and it started raining.

Both ideas make complete sense on their own, but how are the ideas joined? How are they joined? Because they're not joined with 'and'.

Can you tell me which word is joining them? Well done, 'but' is joining them.

'But' is the joining word.

The ideas in this compound sentence are joined with the word 'but'.

That means we are learning a second joining word.

We can join two ideas with 'and', and now we know we can join two ideas with 'but'.

The word 'but' is another joining word, but it has a different meaning to 'and', so we use it in a different way.

We use 'but' to join two ideas together when the two ideas oppose each other.

Let's look at the sentence again.

I walked to the park, but it started raining.

The two ideas in this sentence oppose each other because this was not what was expected to happen.

Quite often, when I think of the word 'but', I do, if you put one thumb up and one thumb down next to each other, that is what it looks like because it's almost like you have a good thing, but a bad thing, or a bad thing, but a good thing.

It's two opposing ideas, not like 'and' which builds onto each other.

So I walked to the park, but it started raining.

You can see how those two ideas oppose each other.

They almost disagree with each other.

So could you tick the joining words, A, the, B, but, C, my, and D, and.

Which of these words are joining words? Pause the video while you answer that question.

Well done.

The joining words are 'but' and 'and'.

Let's look at the joining word 'but' in some more compound sentences.

The shop was closed, but I wanted an ice cream.

So you can see here we've got our two opposing ideas.

The shop was closed, but I wanted an ice cream.

The baby can crawl, but it cannot walk.

The baby can crawl, but it cannot walk.

Laura likes red wellies, but her wellies are blue.

It was already dark, but they wanted to play outside.

The two ideas in each of these compound sentences oppose each other.

True or false? The joining word 'but' builds on the first idea in a compound sentence.

True or false? Pause the video now.

Well done.

It's false.

In a compound sentence using 'but', the second idea doesn't build onto the first idea.

It opposes it.

It's different to the first idea.

The joining word 'and' has a different meaning to 'but'.

The school was closed and the teachers had gone home.

The school was closed, but the teachers were still working.

The joining words have different functions.

The joining word 'and' builds onto the first idea.

The school was closed and the teachers had gone home.

The second idea builds onto the first idea.

But in the second sentence with 'but', it opposes the first idea.

The school was closed, but the teachers were still working.

The second idea opposes the first idea.

Let's have a look at some compound sentences.

We must decide which joining word works best to fill the gap in the sentence.

And or but? Let's have a look.

The cinema was open, mm, we ate popcorn.

Have a think about which of our joining words would fit best to make that a compound sentence.

We can see the two parts that both make sense by themselves.

The cinema was open.

We ate popcorn.

They would be equal.

They would weigh the same on our scales, but which joining word should we use? The cinema was open and we ate popcorn or this cinema was open, but we ate popcorn? Can you have a think which one you think works best? Well done, it is 'and'.

The cinema was open and we ate popcorn.

The second idea builds onto the first idea.

If we tried the word 'but' in this sentence, it wouldn't sound right.

Let's have a look.

The cinema was open, but we ate popcorn.

That's not right, is it? Because there are two positive things, and we know we have to have two opposing ideas when we use the word, the joining word 'but'.

Let's have a look at another example.

The cinema was open, mm, my favourite film was not showing.

Hmm, would 'and' or 'but' work best in that sentence? Have some thinking time.

Hmm, what did you think? Let's try them both in the sentence and see what sounds right.

The cinema was open and my favourite film was not showing.

Hmm, that doesn't really sound right.

Because the second idea doesn't really build onto the first idea.

It sort of disagrees with the first idea.

So I think 'but' works better.

The cinema was open, but my favourite film was not showing.

the second idea opposes the first idea.

Alex likes music, mm, he does not sing.

Have some thinking time.

Alex likes music, mm, he does not sing.

Should we use 'and' or 'but' in this compound sentence? Let's see how they fit.

Alex likes music and he does not sing.

Hmm.

Alex likes music, but he does not sing.

I think 'but' works better in this sentence.

Because Alex likes music, so you'd think that he would like singing, but he does not sing.

They're opposing ideas.

If the sentence was Alex likes music and he loves to sing, then 'and' would work better, but because he doesn't like to sing, we're going to use the joining word 'but'.

Finally, Alex likes music, mm, he plays the violin.

Thinking time.

Well done.

Alex likes music and he plays the violin.

The second idea builds onto the first idea.

Let's just double check that 'but' doesn't sound right.

Alex likes music, but he plays the violin.

That doesn't sound right, because the second idea builds on the first idea.

So we would use the joining word 'and'.

Right, we're now going to do a different activity.

We're going to draw a line to match the first idea to the second idea that opposes it.

Say the two ideas together as a compound sentence joined with the joining word 'but'.

So let's have a look at this first idea.

Ben waited by the swings.

Hmm, so which of these second ideas opposes the first one? Ben waited by the swings, but he chatted to his friends.

Well, they sound like those two things, the second idea would build onto the first idea.

So I don't think that would work.

Ben waited by the swings, but he enjoyed going really high.

Hmm, again, they're not opposing ideas.

Ben waited by the swings, but they were always busy.

Ah, now I think that works, because Ben waited by the swings is something that's quite positive.

He's hopeful, he's excited.

He's going to go on the swings.

Oh, but they were always busy.

So that would make our compound sentence.

It's time for you to do a task where you have to do exactly what I just did.

First of all, you have to draw a line to match the first idea to the second idea that opposes it.

For example, the sun is shining.

The birds are singing.

The air is cold.

Hmm, so which of those ideas opposes the first one? Sam rides her bike.

The wheels go flat.

She goes very fast.

The man was running.

He slipped and fell.

He got home quickly.

Remember, we're looking for the second idea that opposes the first idea.

Once you have done that, you can put the two of the opposing ideas into the sentence scaffold to make a compound sentence joined with 'but'.

And here's the scaffold.

So you'd have your first idea, then the joining word 'but', and then the second idea.

Can you pause the video while you complete this task now? Well done.

Let's go through the answers.

The sun is shining.

The birds are singing.

They're two positive things.

The second one builds on the first.

And I'm looking for the second idea to oppose the first idea.

So it would be the sun is shining, but the air is cold.

You'd think if the sun was shining, that the air would be warm.

But sometimes on a frosty cold morning, the sun can shine, but the air is cold.

There two opposing ideas.

Sam rode her bike.

The wheels went flat, or she went very fast.

The opposing idea is, but the wheels went flat.

Sam rode her bike, but the wheels went flat.

The man was running.

He slipped and fell.

The man was running.

He got home quickly.

The opposing second idea would be, but he slipped and fell.

The man was running, but he slipped and fell.

So here are the full sentences written out with a joining word 'but'.

The sun is shining, but the air is cold.

Sam rode her bike, but the wheels went flat.

The man was running, but he slipped and fell.

Let's summarise what we've learned today.

We have learned that two simple sentences joined together by a joining word form a compound sentence.

We've learned that 'but' is a joining word.

The joining word 'but' has a different meaning to the joining word 'and'.

If the two ideas in a compound sentence oppose each other, then we use the joining word 'but' to join them together.

So you have learnt an amazing new skill today.

Not only do you know how to write a compound sentence, but you now have got two different types of compound sentence.

You could write a compound sentence using 'and', where the second idea builds onto the first idea.

For example, I might say, I have loved teaching you today and I'm really excited for our next lesson.

The second idea builds on my first idea.

Or I could say, I have loved teaching you today, but now I feel a bit tired.

I love teaching you today, but now I feel tired.

Two opposing ideas.

Perhaps, in your writing this week, whether it's in a history lesson or an English lesson, you could try and write a compound sentence using the joining word 'and' or 'but'.

And if you did or if you do, you should feel very proud of yourselves.

Well done for all your hard work.

I'll see you again soon.

Bye.