Lesson video

Hello, everyone, my name's Mrs. Riley, and in today's lesson we're going to be focusing on some grammar.

We're going to be looking at simple sentences and we're going to learn different types of simple sentence.

I hope you're ready to learn, let's get started.

The outcome of today's lesson is to recognise the difference between a statement, question and a command.

Here are key words for today's learning.

All of these words are going to be really important, so I'm going to say each one and then I'd like you to repeat it back to me.

My turn, your turn.

So you're going to have to have your listening ears ready and your loud speaking voices ready.

Here we go, simple sentence, statement, question, command.

Here's a tricky one, imperative verb.

Let's try that one again, imperative verb.

Well done, now don't worry if any of those seem unfamiliar, especially that last one, because we are going to talk about all of these keywords in our lesson.

So by the end of the lesson, you'll feel really comfortable with what all these words mean.

So in today's lesson, we're going to look at statements, questions and commands.

But first we're going to focus on reviewing a simple sentence.

So could you listen carefully to these sentences? The bright stars twinkle.

Aisha is cold.

Mum eats cake (chomps).

The horse galloped.

Okay, so we've got four sentences there.

I hope you are listening carefully.

We call these simple sentences, what do we call them? That's right, we call them simple sentences.

Let's remind ourselves some of the key features of a simple sentence.

Remember, a feature is the features on my face would be my eyes, my nose, my mouth, my skin.

They're all different features of my face.

So the features of a simple sentence are all the different parts that make it a simple sentence.

So let's take a look.

A simple sentence is about one idea, not two, not three, just one idea.

It makes complete sense.

If you opened up a book and read a simple sentence, it would make complete sense.

It contains at least one noun, and a noun is a naming word for people, places, or things.

So it contains at least one noun.

It contains only one verb.

A verb is a being or a doing word.

And it starts with a capital letter and it often ends with a full stop.

These are all features of a simple sentence, a bit like how my eyes and my nose and my mouth are features of my face, all of these things are features of a simple sentence.

They're all the things that make a simple sentence.

So let's check again, let's check.

Do our sentences make complete sense? Right, are you ready, listening? The bright stars twinkle.

Does that make sense? Well done, yes, it does.

The bright stars twinkle.

If I opened up my book and in the first page there was a beautiful picture of the night sky and it said the bright stars twinkle, that would make sense.

So I'm confident that that might be a simple sentence.

Okay, let's look at the next one.

Aisha is cold.

Does that make sense? Perhaps show me thumbs up or thumbs down.

Aisha is cold.

Well done, that makes sense too, let's check my next one.

Mum eats cake, Mum eats cake.

Does it make sense? Thumbs up, thumbs down.

Well done, it makes sense.

And finally, the horse galloped.

Does that one make sense? Thumbs up or thumbs down.

Well done, that one makes sense too.

So all of these sentences make complete sense.

Galloped is a word that we use for when horses run really fast.

They can either walk or trot or gallop or canter.

They're all different verbs, different doing words for what a horse might do.

Okay, so now let's check the rest of our features.

So a simple sentence is about one idea.

Let's check, the bright stars twinkle.

Yes, that's about one idea.

The only thing that's happening in that sentence is that the bright stars twinkle.

If my sentence said the bright stars twinkle and the moon shone brightly while the owls hooted, that would be about three different things, the stars, the moon, and the owls, but my sentence is just the bright star twinkles.

So it's about one idea.

The next one, can you do thumbs up if it's about one idea? Aisha is cold.

Well done, it's about one idea.

How about the next one? Mum eats cake.

Well done, it's about one idea.

If it said Mum eats cake because she felt very hungry, but she had too much and then she got a tummy ache, that would be about lots of things happening in one sentence.

But this sentence is a simple sentence and it's about one idea.

And finally, the horse galloped.

Is it about one idea or not? Show me with thumbs.

Well done, it's also about one idea.

So all of these sentences make complete sense and all of them are about one idea.

So far so good, let's check some more of those features.

Oh, it makes complete sense.

Well, we've already checked that.

Contains at least one noun.

Now a noun is a naming word for people, places, or things.

A noun is a naming word for people, places, or can you remember? Things, well done.

So let's see if we can identify in each sentence a person, a place or a thing.

The bright stars twinkle.

Hmm, what is the person, place, or thing in that sentence? Let's check, are there any people in my sentence, the bright stars twinkle? No, there's no people mentioned.

Are there any places? Hmm, I can't see any places either.

Are there any things? The bright stars, stars are a thing, so stars is the noun.

In my second sentence, Aisha is a person.

So there's the noun.

Mum is the person in my third sentence and the horse, horse is the noun in my final sentence.

So we know that they each contain at least one noun.

In fact, just quickly we can see that actually in Mum eats cake, there are two nouns because Mum is a noun, Mum is a naming word for a person, and a cake is a naming word for a thing.

So we can see it has to have at least one, but sometimes we have more than one.

Oh, it contains one verb.

We're gonna go back to that one in a minute because first of all, let's just check capital letters 'cause that's nice and easy to check.

Do all my sentences start with a capital letter? Can you just have a little look for me? Do they all start with a capital letter? Perhaps you could point at where you can see some capital letters at the start of my sentences.

Well done, there's one at the start.

There's a capital T, a capital A, a capital M, and then another capital T.

So they all start with a capital letter.

And actually all of these sentences end with a full stop.

So let's go back to that slightly trickier one, a verb.

A verb is a being or a doing word, my turn, your turn.

A verb is a being or a doing word.

Your turn, a verb is a? Well done, a being or a doing word.

Now, a doing word is anything that we could do or not just us.

It could be that the something that the stars do or something that the horses can do.

But we also have a being word and they're special words which are something like is or are.

So in the first sentence, the bright stars twinkle, the thing that the stars are doing is twinkle.

Twinkle is the verb.

The second one's a bit trickier.

Aisha is cold.

So there's not something that Aisha is necessarily doing here, but actually the thing that she's doing is that she is cold.

So is is the being verb.

Mum eats cake, eats is the verb.

It's a thing that Mum is doing.

And the last one I want you to see if you can spot, the horse galloped.

What's the thing that the horse is doing? Can you hold it on your chest if you think you know what is the doing word or the verb in the horse galloped? Hold it on your chest, three, two, one.

Well done, it's galloped is the verb.

It's the thing that the horses are doing.

Here's a chance to check your understanding of what we've learned so far.

A simple sentence is about two ideas.

Is it true or false? Pause the video while you think about the answer.

Okay, well done for giving that a go.

This is false.

A simple sentence we know is not about two ideas, it's only about one idea.

Well done if you've got that correct.

So we all know that simple sentences are about one idea that makes complete sense by itself.

We also know a simple sentence contains at least one noun, it contains one verb, it starts with a capital letter and it often ends with a full stop.

So let's look at these examples and I want you to say, or I want you to show me with your thumbs, thumbs up or thumbs down if this is a simple sentence.

Here's the first one, the boy.

Show me your thumbs, I can't see some thumbs or I can see some now.

Well done, this is not a simple sentence.

It's got a capital letter and it's got a noun, boy, but it hasn't got a verb, it hasn't got a full stop and it doesn't make complete sense.

If I opened up my book and the first page just said the boy, well, that wouldn't make complete sense, right? Here's my next one, are you ready? Runs quickly, runs quickly.

Does this make sense, does it have a noun and a verb? Is it about one idea? Does it have a capital letter and a full stop? Show me thumbs up or thumbs down if you think this is a simple sentence.

Well done, this is not a simple sentence either.

It has a verb, runs, a doing word, but that's the only thing it's got.

That's the only feature.

And it has to have every single feature to be a correct simple sentence.

Here's the next one, the boy runs.

Hmm, it's sounding a bit better, but does it have all of our features? Thumbs up or thumbs down? Well done, some of you might have noticed that whilst this has a noun, the boy, and a verb, runs, it doesn't have a capital letter or a full stop.

So it cannot be a simple sentence.

Here's the next one, the boy runs.

Hmm, what about this one? Have some thinking time.

Is this a simple sentence, yes or no? Well done, this one is a simple sentence.

It's got a capital letter, it's got a noun, boy, it's got a verb, runs, and then we can see it also ends in a full stop, capital letter at the start and a full stop at the end.

And finally, the boy runs quickly.

Hmm, the boy runs quickly.

Thumbs up or thumbs down if you think this is a simple sentence.

Does it have all the features? Well done, this one is also a simple sentence.

It has a noun, boy, it has a verb, runs, it has a capital letter and a full stop.

The only thing that's different about this sentence in fact is we've added an adverb, quickly, to describe how the boy runs.

We've just added a bit more detail.

The boy runs, the boy runs quickly.

It's still only about one idea.

It still makes complete sense.

So this is a simple sentence.

Okay, here's another chance to check what we've learned so far.

I would like you to tick the sentences that make complete sense.

A, Sam hides quietly.

B, hides quietly.

C, the pen.

And D, the pen is blue.

Which of these make complete sense? Can you tick the correct answers now? Pause the video.

Okay, let's go through the answers.

So the correct answers are Sam hides quietly and the pen is blue.

The second and third options, B and C, hides quietly and the pen, they are not complete simple sentences.

They don't make sense by themselves.

The pen has a noun, it has a pen in it, but it doesn't have a verb.

And hides quietly, hides as a verb, but it doesn't have any nouns.

They're also missing, B is missing a full stop and a capital letter and C is missing a full stop.

So there's lots of features missing that don't make those simple sentences, but most importantly, they don't make sense.

Oh, it's time for you to do a task.

I hope you are ready.

Today in today's task, you are going to write your own simple sentence about this picture.

Are you ready to see the picture? Let's have a look at what it is.

(gasps) Oh, how delicious, a pizza, do you like pizza? Oh, I love pizza, and that one looks especially delicious.

So you get to write a sentence about a pizza.

Let's remind ourselves of the key features of a simple sentence.

And all of these things have to be in your sentence.

It has to be about one idea.

So don't start telling me about the pizza is delicious and how you made it and how long it took to cook in the oven, and how many slices you cut it into.

That's about lots of ideas.

Your sentence needs to be about one idea.

It needs to make complete sense.

I like to read my sentence back so I can hear if it sounds right so I know it makes sense.

It needs to contain at least one noun.

I think the noun will probably be pizza because it's a thing.

It needs to contain one verb.

Ooh, maybe it might be about someone eating or munching or chewing or smelling at the pizza.

But also it could be that being word verb, is.

You could just say the pizza is mm, and is would be the verb.

It needs to start with a capital letter and it needs to end with a full stop.

So it's time for you to write your very own sentence about this pizza.

Can you pause the video now while you complete that task? Good luck.

Okay, let's look at some examples.

These are some sentences that you might have written.

The pizza is yummy.

Pizza is delicious.

Sofia loves pizza.

The pizza is hot.

Andeep eats pizza.

So all of those sentences are only about one idea.

They all make complete sense.

They all contain a noun, so they all contain the word pizza, which is a noun.

But in some of the sentences we've got two nouns because we've got some people, Sofia and Andeep are both naming words for people, so they're nouns as well.

And they've all got capital letters at the start.

They all end in a full stop.

And then let's just check those verbs 'cause they're the tricky part.

Okay, so let's look for some verbs.

The pizza is yummy, the pizza is a noun, yummy is an adjective, that's a describing word.

Ah, so the verb is is, it's one of our being verbs.

The pizza is yummy.

Pizza is delicious, there's my is being word again.

And then we've got, Sofia loves pizza.

Love is the thing that Sofia is doing, she loves it.

The pizza is hot, is is the verb.

And Andeep eats pizza, eats is the verb.

So they've all got verbs as well.

So well done if you managed to include all those features in your simple sentence, you should feel really proud of yourselves.

It is time to move on to our second learning cycle.

We're going to now learn about different types of said simple sentences, statements, questions, and commands.

So we've learned about simple sentences, but now we're going to learn about different types of simple sentences.

So even though they're going to be different types, they still will have all the same features that we've learned about 'cause we've learned a simple sentence has to have those features.

But now we're learning different types.

It's a bit like if we've learned about what a tree is and we've learned about features of a tree.

We've learned that trees have got roots underground and trunks and branches and leaves.

But now we're going to learn about some different types of trees.

That's what we are going to do now.

But we're not learning about different types of trees, we're learning about different types of simple sentences.

So each type of simple sentence has a different purpose for the reader.

Okay, so each type of simple sentence has a different purpose.

That means it's got a different reason that we might use it for our reader.

We have already learned about these before.

So we are learning about statements, questions, and commands, statements, questions and commands.

And we'll put some actions in with those later to help us a little bit.

So let's first of all think about a statement.

A statement is a type of simple sentences that expresses a fact or opinion.

Jacob is baking a cake, this is a fact.

That cake is delicious, this is an opinion.

They're both statements, but that one is a fact and one is an opinion.

So a fact is something that is known to be true or that can be proved, but an opinion is a personal view about something.

We all have different opinions.

For example, we might all try the same cake (munches) mm, and I might think that cake is delicious, but you might disagree.

Your opinion might be different to mine.

You might say that cake is too chocolatey.

Ooh, I can't imagine that you'd say that, but you might say something, maybe it's a flavour that you don't like.

For example, my mom doesn't like jam, so if the cake had jam in the middle, she might not like the cake because she doesn't like jam.

So a statement most often ends with a full stop.

Here's a chance to check your understanding.

So a statement, A, tells someone to do something, mm, B, expresses a fact or opinion, C, ends with a question mark, D, most often ends with a full stop.

There might be more than one answer.

Pause the video now.

Well done, the correct answers are a statement expresses a fact or opinion and most often ends with a full stop.

Well done if you spotted those two features.

Now we're going to look at a question.

Can you say question with this action? My turn, your turn, question? Well done, a question is a type of simple sentence that asks the reader for an answer.

What flavour is the cake? That is a question.

Is the cake ready? That is also a question.

Both of these are asking for an answer.

The answer for the first one might be, what flavour is the cake? The answer might be the flavour is it is a chocolate cake.

Is the cake ready? The answer might be no, it needs five more minutes in the oven.

A question always ends with a question mark.

Can you draw a question mark in the air with me now? We go round, down and a dot.

Well done, so have a look.

Can you point at the question marks at the end of my questions? Can you point, can I see some pointing? Well done, here are the two question marks.

Okay, true or false? A question asks the reader for an answer, true or false? Pause the video now.

Well done, the answer is true.

A command is another type of simple sentence that tells someone to do something.

Share the cake fairly.

Eat it quickly.

A command can end with an exclamation mark.

Can we draw an exclamation mark in the air as well? An exclamation mark is a line and a dot, are you ready? Line and a dot, well done.

Here's an exclamation mark.

Eat it quickly! Let's imagine the scenario.

Perhaps you had found, you and a friend had found some chocolate cake, but you weren't allowed to eat it, and you were quickly trying to eat some, and then you heard someone coming and you said to your friend, "Eat it quickly!" before you get caught.

That sentence ends in an exclamation mark.

It's used to express strong emotion.

In that scenario, I would be expressing strong emotion because I want you to eat it quickly before we get caught.

If the command does not express strong emotion, if it's just a calm emotion, it can end with a full stop.

For example, if somebody said to you, share the cake fairly, they're not saying that with lots of strong emotion.

They're just simply asking you to do something.

Share the cake fairly.

So that's why that one ends in a full stop.

Calm emotion and strong emotion.

Strong emotion, we have an exclamation mark.

Calm emotion, we have a full stop.

Okay, another check for understanding.

A command, A, asks the reader for an answer, B, expresses a fact or opinion, or C, tell someone to do something.

Pause the video now.

Well done, a command tells the reader to do something.

A command starts with an imperative verb.

Can you remember this was one of our key words that was a bit trickier? Imperative verb, perhaps we could practise saying that.

My turn, your turn.

Imperative verb, your turn, well done.

Share the cake fairly.

Eat it quickly! Now it still has a verb, a doing word, share and eat are both things that we can do, but an imperative verb tells someone what to do.

Imperative verbs are very bossy.

Pass the pen, take a photo, stir the mixture, look at the snow.

They're all verbs, but they're all bossy verbs.

They're telling you to do something.

You can see that sometimes these commands end in a full stop and sometimes they end in an exclamation mark.

Pass the pen ends in a full stop.

That is because it's a calm emotion, pass the pen.

Take a photo, has strong emotion.

Imagine that we were at the zoo and the monkey suddenly did something really funny.

Maybe the baby monkey was tickling the mummy monkey.

And you might quickly say to your friend, "Take a photo!" while that funny thing was happening.

You might have strong emotions.

So you have an exclamation mark.

Stir the mixture.

That's just calm emotion.

So we've got a full stop.

Look at the snow! I think if I was telling someone to look at the snow, I would feel really excited that it was snowing.

So that would be strong emotion and I would use an exclamation mark.

Okay, here are some verbs.

I would like you to circle the imperative verbs.

Think about which verbs are the bossy ones.

Which would the verbs be that you would use to tell someone to do something? Pause the video while you do that, think about that now.

Okay, well done.

Let me go through the answers.

So mix, hmm, could I tell someone to mix something? Mix the cake batter.

Yes, I could, so that's an imperative verb.

Let's look at the next one.

Get, get my coat.

Oh, that would be very bossy.

I hope someone would say please.

Get my coat, that's an imperative verb.

Plays, hmm, let me try and make that into a bossy sentence.

Plays outside, no, that would be play outside.

So that's not a bossy verb.

Runs, runs to lunch.

No, that doesn't sound right either.

So that's not a bossy verb.

Take, that does sound right.

Take the register to the office.

Yes, that could work.

And finally learns, hmm? Learns the piano.

No, that doesn't sound right.

So that's not a bossy verb either.

Let's read some sentences.

Pass the pen.

Where is my coat? The roses are red.

I'm going to model this one and you are going to do the next one.

We are going to decide whether each sentence, each simple sentence is a statement, question or command.

Remember, it's a bit like we've learned that simple sentences all have certain features, but now we've learned three different types, a bit like learning about a tree and then learning about three different types of tree.

If it is a statement, we're going to write an S, S for statement.

If it's a question, we're going to write a Q, Q for question.

If it is a command, we're going to write a C, a C for command.

So let's go through each one.

I'm going to model this one for you.

Pass the pen.

Hmm, pass the pen.

That's asking me to do something.

It's got an imperative verb, pass, a bossy verb.

So that's a command, so I'm going to write a C.

Where is my coat? Where is my coat? This needs an answer.

It's hanging up.

I can also spot a question mark at the end.

So this is a question and I'm going to write a Q.

The roses are red.

This is a fact, it's something I can see.

So this is a statement.

So I'm going to write an S.

Now it's your turn.

Let's read some more sentences.

I like peas.

Get into bed! Who is talking? Decide whether each sentence is a statement, question or command.

Write S for statement, Q for question and C for command.

Pause the video now.

Well done, let's go through the answers.

I like peas is a statement.

It's actually an opinion.

I like peas, you might disagree, but it is a statement.

Get into bed! That is definitely a command, very bossy.

And it's got an exclamation mark.

So I think maybe the person saying this is getting quite frustrated.

Who is talking? I can spot a question mark and this is a question.

Well done for giving that a go.

So for your task, you've got to do exactly the same thing.

You are going to read each sentence carefully and decide if it's a statement, question or command.

Write S for statement, Q for questions and C for commands.

Here are the sentences.

Can you hear the birds? The sun sets in the west.

Go for a walk.

Listen to the wind.

The trees are huge.

Pick up your litter! Is that a squirrel in the tree? Okay, so read each one carefully to yourself and then decide whether it's a statement, question or command.

Pause the video while you complete this task, good luck.

Okay, well done, let's go through the answers.

Can you hear the birds? This is a question, it has a question mark at the end.

The sun sets in the west, this is a fact, it is a statement.

Go for a walk, that sounds a bit bossy.

It's got an imperative verb, go, and it is a command.

Listen to the wind, that's another command, so it has a C.

The trees are huge.

This is a statement, it's a fact, it's got an S.

Pick up your litter! That sounds a bit bossy again.

And this time it's got an exclamation mark at the end.

So the person saying it again, I think has got some strong emotion.

Maybe they're feeling quite cross that someone's dropped their litter on the floor.

This is a command.

Is that a squirrel in the tree? That needs an answer and it has a question mark at the end.

So it is a question.

Well done for completing that task.

So let's summarise what we've learned today.

We've learnt that a simple sentence is about one idea and it makes complete sense.

We've learned that there are different types of simple sentences like statements, questions, and commands.

Questions start with a question word.

Commands start with an imperative or a bossy verb.

Well done for all your hard work today.

You have done a lot of learning today and should feel really proud of yourselves.

Perhaps next time you read your book, you could have a look and see if you can spot some questions or some commands or some statements and you could decide if the statement is a fact or an opinion.

Good luck with that and I'll see you again soon, bye.