Lesson video

Hi everyone, it's Mr. Brown here with your English lesson for today.

And we are going to be writing.

We're going to be writing a section of a non-chronological report and this non-chronological report is about nocturnal animals and the section we are focusing on is all about one particular nocturnal animal, the hedgehog.

You will be using the knowledge that you have built already on hedgehogs to be able to write a section of a non-chronological report all about them.

So let's get started.

The outcome for today's lesson is, I can write a section about hedgehogs in a non-chronological report on nocturnal animals.

And the keywords which will help us with our learning journey are compound sentences, coordination, joining words, let's say those together.

My turn, your turn.

Compound sentences, coordination, joining words.

Brilliant.

Well done.

We're gonna use those in our learning today.

Here's our lesson outline.

We're going to start by looking at compound sentences.

We'll then move on to preparing to write and writing a section.

So let's talk about compound sentences.

Two simple sentences join together with a joining word is called a compound sentence.

Here's an example.

"Hedgehogs roll into a ball and they use their spines to keep safe." So you've got another example here, but this time with a different joining word we used and as the joining word in the first example.

Now let's look at this one.

"Hedgehogs have poor eyesight, but they have a good sense of smell." Both ideas in a compound sentence must make complete sense on their own.

So let me take a chunk of the first example.

"Hedgehogs roll into a ball." Well, yes, that makes sense on its own.

How about the second half of that sentence? "They use their spines to keep safe." Absolutely.

Both parts of that sentence make sense on their own, but you can put them together with a joining word in between and you now have a compound sentence.

"Hedgehogs roll into a ball.

They use their spines to keep safe." Both make sense on their own.

"Hedgehogs have poor eyesight.

They have a good sense of smell." Both make sense on their own.

Using joining words.

You put them together to get compound sentences.

And there the joining words that we use.

Now, each idea is of equal importance and you can use this image of a scale to try and help you understand that each half of the sentence is of equal importance.

They both weigh the same like on a scale.

Let's check our understanding.

True or false? Both ideas in a compound sentence must make sense on their own.

Is that true or is that false? Pause the video and decide now.

Welcome back everyone.

Both ideas in a compound sense must make sense on their own is true.

Well done if you said true.

Both ideas in a compound sentence, they should make sense on their own.

Let's look at joining words.

And.

But.

Or.

These are the joining words that we will use in compound sentences.

Joining words can join two simple sentences together to form a compound sentence.

One simple sentence, another simple sentence together, make a compound sentence.

And these joining words, they are the glue that stick those two simple sentences together.

Joining two simple sentences with and, but, or all is called co-ordination, co-ordination.

Let's listen to some joining words in sentences.

"Hedgehogs are nocturnal animals and they sleep during the day.

Which was the joining word? Absolutely, and.

How about this one? "Hedgehogs are predators of insects, but they are prey for foxes." What's the joining word? But, exactly.

"Hedgehogs can often be found hunting for insects or they might be rolled up in a ball hiding from predators." Joining word is or.

These are all examples of compound sentences.

They contain two simple sentences joining them together by adjoining word.

And, but and or.

They are the joining words when you are making compound sentences.

Let's check our understanding.

A joining word is used to start a sentence.

Is that true or is that false? Think about what we've just learned about joining words.

Is a joining word used to start a sentence? Pause the video and decide whether that's true or false.

Welcome back everyone.

Let's see if you were right.

Adjoining word is used to start a sentence is false.

It is not used to start a sentence.

It's used in the middle to join two simple sentences together.

Well done If you said false.

And is for building on.

And is the joining word we use if we are building on an idea.

"Hedgehogs sleep during the day and are awake at night." We are talking about the same thing.

We are not starting a new subject or a new topic.

We are just continuing to talk about the same thing.

Hedgehog sleep during the day and okay, so whatever comes next is going to be similar.

We're gonna be talking about the sleep habits of hedgehogs, hedgehogs sleep during the day and are awake at night.

Let's look at but.

Now, but is for a positive and a negative and I love to do this to help me with but.

Positive to negative or negative to positive, but is perfect when you have a sentence which has a positive and the negative and you want to join them together.

"Hedgehogs are the prey for foxes." Well, that sounds negative to me.

That's not good for hedgehogs.

"Foxes tried to eat them." That's definitely a negative, but which means it should be a positive coming next.

"Their spines protect them from being caught." That's definitely positive.

The spines help them to not be eaten by foxes.

A negative to a positive.

"Hedgehogs have an excellent sense of smell." Well that's a positive definitely, but oh no.

And negative's probably coming then, "but their eyesight is very poor." Yes, their eyesight is very poor.

That's a positive to negative, both great ways of using but to make a compound sentence.

Now or.

Or is for an option or an effect.

Here's an example.

"Hedgehogs must use their spines to protect themselves or, okay, so something is gonna happen here.

This could be another option, could be another effect of not doing the first thing.

"Hedgehogs must use their spines to protect themselves or they might get eaten by predators." So if they do not choose their spines to protect themselves, then they would get eaten by predators, which is why or works really well.

Select the joining words, nice simple check for understanding.

I'd like you to just select the joining words you've got or, the, but, and, A, B, C, D.

Can you please select which ones are joining words? Pause the video and have a go now.

Welcome back everyone.

Did you manage to select the joining words? Let's see.

So or is a joining word, but is adjoining word and and is adjoining word but not the, the is not adjoining word.

So well done if you said A, C and D.

Congratulations.

Time for another check.

I would like you to match the joining word to its purpose, so you know and, but, and or are joining words, but which purpose matches to which joining word.

So one of these is for an option or an effect.

One of these joining words is for building on and one is for a positive and a negative.

Your job is to match the joining words to the correct purpose.

Pause the video and have a go now.

Okay, welcome back everyone.

Let's see if you managed to do this correctly.

And it's for building on when you are continuing to talk about the same topic, you are continuing the same theme and for building on.

But for a positive and a negative or for an option or an effect.

Well done if you manage to get that correct.

Time for a practise.

I would like you to add a joining word to each sentence.

Number one, "Hedgehogs mostly hide under hedges." Hmm.

"They might be seen by predators." Are you gonna use and, but, or or.

Two, "These creatures love to eat insects." Hmm.

"They also enjoy eating worms." Which joining word could be used there? And three.

"Owls may want to hunt hedgehogs." Hmm.

"A hedgehog's sharp spines will put predators off." Your job is to decide which one has and which one or and which one but.

Pause the video and decide for yourself now.

Welcome back everyone.

Let's see if you managed to do this correctly.

"Hedgehogs mostly hired under hedges or they might be seen by predators." Really good way of using, or, I am explaining that if hedgehogs are not hiding under predators, hiding under hedges, they might be seen by predators, which is why, or works really well.

"These creatures love to eat insects and they also enjoy eating worms." Perfect use of and to build on.

And three, that means it must be but, "Owls may want to hunt hedgehogs, but a hedgehog sharp spines will put predators off." So owls may want to hunt hedgehogs.

Now that is a negative thing.

It is not good.

We are writing about hedgehogs and owls wanting to hunt them is not good for the hedgehogs, but, and that means we are now turning into a positive.

A hedgehog's sharp spines will put predators off.

That's good for hedgehogs.

Well done if you manage to do this task correctly.

Time to move on to preparing to write.

The sections of a non-chronological report are structured in this order.

Introduction, section one and section two, and in this lesson we are writing the second section, which will be about hedgehogs.

You may have a plan to guide you when you're writing this section.

This might have been a plan that you've prepared in previous lessons, but if you don't have one, that's absolutely fine.

You can use this one.

Here is a plan that you can use if you would like to.

When we write, we always try to do these things, plan and say sentence before we write it, use punctuation where we know the rules, vary our sentence types, write letters neatly on the line in joined handwriting, sound out words to spell them accurately and read our sentences out loud to check they make sense and edit to improve our writing if necessary.

Let's check our understanding.

Which of these do we always try and do when writing? A, vary our sentence types.

B, write as quickly as we can, or C, write with as many commas as we can.

A, B, or C.

Pause the video and decide for yourself now.

Welcome back everyone.

Let's see if you were right.

So A, B, or C.

B, write as quickly as we can.

Nope, there's no need to rush.

C, write with as many commas as we can.

Absolutely not.

We just use commas if we know the rules for them and if they're required.

So the right answer is A, vary our sentence types, trying not to write where the sentence type is exactly the same time after time again.

Okay, it's over to you now to have a go at saying the first two sentences of this section of your report on hedgehogs out loud.

We know the benefits of saying our sentences out loud before we write them.

I would like you to make sure you use a compound sentence with a joining word and that list of joining words you can see there and, but and or, and I'd like you to use the plan below or your own plan if you have it to help you include the relevant information.

So we want this information to be covered.

So this plan will help you to make sure that you do that or use your own if you have one.

So pause the video and have a go at saying the first two sentences of this section on hedgehogs now.

Welcome back everyone.

Okay, let me just take a moment for you to stop and check your sentences.

Did you include a compound sentence with a joining word? Think back, did you say a sentence out loud, which had an and a but or an or in? And did you include information from your plan? If you didn't, didn't feel free to pause the video now to have another go.

If you did and you're ready to move on, then let's have a look at my example.

Hedgehogs are nocturnal animals and, there's my joining word, so this should be a compound sentence.

"Hedgehogs are nocturnal animals and they sleep during the day." Perfect.

"Interestingly, these animals are hunted by foxes but they protect themselves with their sharp spines that they have on their backs." Animals being hunted by foxes, that's a negative, positive, them protecting themselves.

Well done.

I think you are ready to begin the final part of our lesson, which is writing a section.

Here is a success criteria for writing a section about hedgehogs.

These are the things that you will focus on achieving in today's lesson.

I have written a subheading.

I have used my plan to include the key information about a hedgehog's adaptations and habitat.

I have written at least one compound sentence with a joining word and, but, or or.

I have read my writing back to check for any mistakes.

These are the things that you are aiming to include in your writing.

Do all four of these and you will have been successful.

Make sure you use your plan to include all of the information about hedgehogs.

Here is an example if you would like to use mine, if you have your own, perfect.

Use the plan and the success criteria to guide you.

Now I am going to write my section and then check against the success criteria.

So let's see how I get on.

<v Presenter>Okay, so I have one note of my plan</v> that I'm going to use to be able to write my next sentence.

I have got my success criteria stuck in, and I've already written a subheading and underlined it so I can tick that off in my success criteria already.

And I've written the first two sentences and I'm going to read them to you.

Now, I chose to start with a question to the reader.

"Have you ever looked out into your garden at night and seen a small brown ball of spikes?" So straight away I'm engaging the reader with a question.

"If you have, this was probably a hedgehog." And I've put an exclamation mark here.

So I'm now ready to take this note and turn it into a full sentence.

Now my note is 5,000 to 7,000 spikes on back called spines, protect from predators.

With note, you do not have to use any of this.

The purpose of this note is to guide me, to inspire my sentences, not to feel like I have to include any of this.

I might include one word, two words, three words, all of it, none of it.

It doesn't matter.

So my next sentence, I know I want to make sure that I'm using my notes to help me.

Okay, let's go for.

I know I want to do a compound sentence.

It's in my success criteria, so I'm gonna really try and get to compound sentence in next.

I could say hedgehogs are, I've gotta talk about spikes on back.

So Hedgehogs with a capital letter of the start of my new sentence.

"Hedgehogs are known for having spikes." I think that could be good.

That could be a good start.

Hedgehogs, hedgehogs are known and I know known is K-N, not just N, known for having, I-N-G having.

I need some adjectives before spikes, don't I? What kind of spikes are they? What adjectives could I use? They are, I know to touch them.

They are sharp, sharp, pointy.

That's the shape of them.

Sharp pointy spikes.

"Hedgehogs are known for having sharp pointy spikes." Okay, so that I could do a full stop now, I could leave that as a simple sentence, but I want to write compound sentences so I can tick off my success criteria with joining words.

So hedgehogs are known for having sharp pointy spikes.

And because I'm just going to continue talking about these, I know that's what and does and these are called and I'm gonna say what they are called.

And these are called and what are they called? You can tell me, spines exactly.

I lovely.

Good.

Let me read it through.

"Hedgehogs are known for having sharp pointy spikes and.

." there's my joining word.

"These are called spines." Two finger, check it.

Capital letter.

Full stop, good.

Let me just read through one more time and see if I can spot any mistakes, anything that needs editing.

Hedgehogs are known for having sharp pointy.

ah, okay.

I've spotted something on this line.

Can you see what is missing? It's a piece of punctuation.

I have written an expanded noun phrase, but I have missed something.

I've got adjective, adjective, noun, sharp, pointy spikes, but an expanded noun phrase should be adjective.

Tell me, comma, good, adjective, comma.

Let's put that in.

Adjective, comma, adjective, noun, sharp comma, pointy spikes, perfect.

And, and there's my joining word.

These are called spines.

Now my success criteria says I have written at least one.

Now that's one.

I think I might go on to write more, but I already want to tick it off because I know I've done and, and I'll tell you what I might do.

I might just cross off and so I know that I've done that one.

So my next sentence is, I may use, but or or.

Great, okay, next sentence.

Now I still have got a lot I could say on this note, 5,000 to 7,000 spikes on back called spines, protect from predators.

I could still keep talking about this.

Hmm.

I haven't said how many spines there are yet.

Now, instead of saying 5,000 to 7,000, I could just say thousands.

A hedgehog has thousands of spines on its body.

That's quite a nice simple sentence.

Then how can I make that a compound sentence? A hedgehog has thousands of spines on its body, but, and I could say where it does not have spines but not on its face.

Where else was it? Face, hands, feet, and tummy.

Perfect.

I like that.

Okay, so let's go for.

A hedgehog.

has, and we just said we would use thousands and that implies that there's lots and lots of them.

We don't need to say 5,000, 7,000, thousands does that.

A hedgehog has thousands of, has thousands of, what are they called? Spines.

That's it.

A hedgehog has thousands of spines on its where are the spines? Well, they're on its back, aren't they? So we could say on its back but and here comes our but, but not, now where does it not have spines? On its, we said face, but not on its face, hands, feet, and tummy.

Let me just read that through one more time.

A hedgehog has thousands of spines on its back, but there's my joining word.

I might just cross that off in my success criteria, but not on its face, hands, feet and tummy.

Let me read it one more time and just check there's nothing I need to edit.

"A hedgehog has thousands of spines on its back but not on its face, hands." Ah, okay.

I've seen another problem.

Something else I've missed, and I'll give you a clue.

It's actually the same thing that I missed here.

It's a comma, but it's a comma for a different reason.

It's a comma that goes here in between face and hands and another one that goes here in between hands and feet.

Why are those commas needed? Well, they're needed because I have written a list.

Face, hands, feet, tummy.

They are the places on a hedgehog that a hedgehog does not have spines.

I've written a list and in a list you need commas to separate the different things in your list apart from the last one where you use an and and I've done that successfully there.

Okay, let me check my success criteria, see if I can tick any more off.

I have used my plan, I have used my plan to include the key information, so I'm gonna tick that off.

I'm already using my plan successfully and I have read my writing back to check for any mistakes.

I'm constantly reading my writing back even halfway through a sentence I'm reading it back, so I'm definitely gonna tick that one off too.

Now, even though I've ticked off everything in my success criteria, I still have more to say in this section about amazing hedgehogs and that's absolutely brilliant.

That's a great position to be in, that the success criteria is all ticked off and you can keep going to finish off your section.

Great.

<v ->So now it is your turn.

</v> I would like you to write and underline your subheading and then use the success criteria and your plan to write your section on hedgehogs.

Remember, this is the success criteria that we are using.

I need to see a subhead.

You need to be using your plan to ensure that you've got that key information in there, all about our hedgehogs, adaptations and habitats.

Then compound sentences.

Try and include at least one.

But I would love if you could get all three joining words into three compound sentences if you can.

And then finally reading your writing back to check for mistakes.

So important.

It's over to you now.

Good luck.

Pause the video and write your section on hedgehogs now.

Welcome back everyone.

I am sure you did an amazing job, so you should feel really proud.

Well done.

Let's have a little look at an example and see how close my example was to yours.

"Amazing hedgehogs.

Have you ever looked out of your garden at night and seen a small brown ball of spikes? If you have, this was probably a hedgehog.

Hedgehogs are known for having sharp, pointy spikes, and these are called spines.

A hedgehog has thousands of spines on its body, but not on its face, hands, feet, and tummy.

These spiky creatures use their spines to protect themselves from predators such as foxes, badges and owls.

Hedgehogs like to make their homes in hedges, bushes, and shrubs or anywhere which provides cover from predators." So that is an example, and I wonder how close yours was to mine.

You can see I've got my subheading there underlined, "Amazing Hedgehogs." I've got lots of information from my plan that I've used.

Lots of important information about the adaptations and habitat of a hedgehog.

I have got examples of compound sentences.

Hedgehogs are known for having sharp, pointy spikes, and these are called spines.

That's a compound sentence with and.

A hedgehog has thousands of spines on its body, but not on its face, hands and feet and tummy.

That's an example of a but to compound sentence.

And then I've even in my last sentence, got an or compound sentence.

So I managed to include all three joining words.

I know I have my subheading, my plan, I've been using, I've got my compound sentences and I've been reading my writing back.

And you saw that in the video of me writing, didn't you? That I was reading my writing back constantly to check the mistakes so I can include that too.

Excellent work today.

Well done everyone.

Let's summarise our lesson.

Compound sentences are sentences formed at two simple sentences and a joining word.

Co-ordination means joining two simple sentences with and, but, or or.

A joining word is a word that joins words or ideas.

The second section of the report is all about hedgehogs.

Brilliant work.

I will see you again very soon.