Hello everyone.

This is Ms. Afsau here again to share some more handwriting with you.

I'm so excited to be here.

I hope you're feeling excited too.

We're going to, as always, do our best.

We are, as always, going to have lots of fun.

Are you ready to begin? Let's get started.

The outcome for today's lesson is "I can correctly use capital letters in cursive handwriting when writing proper nouns.

We have got some keywords in today's lesson.

Let's go through them one at a time.

My turn.

Your turn.

Capital letter, proper noun, join, lead in, lead out.

Fantastic.

I heard those loud and clear.

Let's make sure we look out for those words.

Let's listen for them.

Let's think carefully about them.

Let's be curious about these words.

So let's find out what's happening in our lesson today.

Reviewing proper nouns using lead ins.

Well, we are going to begin with proper nouns, Jacob and Sam.

Next, the proper nouns, Leeds and Glasgow.

And then the proper nouns, Monday and Tuesday.

Let's get started.

Before starting to write, it's important that you warm up your hand and your wrist muscles.

Your hands and wrists get stronger when you exercise them.

So warming up your hands before writing will help to improve your handwriting.

Let's have a go at our hand squeeze warmup.

I'm going to go first of all, and then it will be your turn.

I'm gonna choose which hand to begin with, this one.

And I'm gonna start by stretching out all my fingers, stretching them really wide, really far apart.

And then I'm gonna slowly bring them in.

And I'm going to imagine I've got something precious in my hand, and I'm squeezing and holding it tight, holding something tightly in my hand.

Something tiny, tiny and precious.

And then I'm going to open out my fingers into that lovely stretch once again.

And then back into my squeeze, holding something precious and tight.

I'm gonna try with the other hand.

First of all, that lovely big stretch.

Stretch for my fingers.

And then bringing all those fingers in, and squeezing something, holding something precious, holding it tight.

Out to that lovely stretch.

And then fingers in to a lovely squeeze.

Mm, feels great.

Okay, it's your turn.

Choose which hand you're going to begin with.

Put the hand up, open up the fingers, stretch them wide, and then squeeze them tight.

Hold something precious and tiny and tight.

And then stretch and squeeze.

Lovely.

Other hand.

First of all, stretch, and then squeeze the hand tight.

Stretch, and squeeze.

Oh, lovely job everybody.

Next, we're going to move on to our wrist circles.

First of all, I'm going to stretch my hands out in front of me, and then I'm going to pull my fingers in, form fists.

And then I'm going to make circles, moving in one direction.

Lovely circles.

And then I'm going to go in the other direction.

This feels good.

This feels fun.

Are you ready to join in? Let's go.

Take your hands, put 'em out in front of you, form fists.

Let's go, one direction.

Other direction.

Let's just do it again because it's so much fun.

We can't really stop 'cause we are enjoying ourselves so much.

That's the way to do it.

Proper nouns name specific people, places or things.

Let's take a look at some proper nouns.

They always need capital letters at the beginning.

And we know that a capital letter is the uppercase formation of a letter.

So we can see here the name Andeep has a capital A, Edinburg Castle has capitals E and C, and Oxford Street has capitals O and S.

Common nouns like flower don't need capital letters.

Check for understanding.

Which of these words would need a capital letter, tim, chair, manchester, asda? Pause the video while you decide which of these words would need a capital letter.

Well done, if you selected Tim.

This is a proper noun, as it is a person.

Well done, if you selected Manchester.

This is a proper noun, as it is a place.

And well done, if you selected Asda.

This is a proper noun, as it is an organisation.

And you would not need a capital for chair.

This is a common noun.

Doesn't need a capital letter.

Cursive handwriting involves joining letters together without lifting your pencil.

So when we're joining letters, we are connecting them.

We're linking them together.

And the key thing is we don't lift our pencil when we join our letters.

How the letters are connected together depends on which letter is joining to which letter.

Learning the letter joins will improve your cursive handwriting skills, allowing for a smooth flow of handwriting.

When writing a word or a sentence, you'll use a range of letters joins.

Can you remember the four joins? Here they are.

One, two, three, four joins.

Let's go through them one at a time.

The first join.

The first join is from the baseline to the x-height line.

We can see that with the purple arrow showing us very clearly.

The second join.

Can you remember where it goes from and to? The second join is from the baseline up towards the ascender line.

You can see that with the purple arrow.

Next up, third join, take a look.

How's the O join to the M? Can you see that the third join is from the x-height line to the x-height line.

It just dips below the x-height line and back up.

And the fourth join.

Do you see where that one's going from and to? The fourth join goes from the x-height line up towards the ascendant line.

Fantastic.

Remembering the four joins.

Let's look closely at some proper nouns in cursive.

Here we've got two names, Jacob and Sam.

What do you notice? What do you see with the way that these letters are joined together? Pause the video and tell someone nearby.

Okay, let's start with Jacob.

Did you spot that it begins, Jacob begins with their capital J.

Did you spot that the next letter, the A, has a lead in? All those letters are joined together, the A, C, O, B, and then the B finishes with a lead out.

Let's take a look at Sam.

S, capital letter.

The A has a lead in and the M has a lead out.

So we've got some key words here.

Let's have a look at these words, lead in and lead out.

So lead in is a line or a stroke that takes us into a letter and a lead out is a line or a stroke that smoothly leads us out of a letter.

When we are writing in cursive, we make sure there's appropriate space between the letters when writing a word.

So we don't want 'em squished together too much, but we don't want 'em like too far apart either.

Okay, and here's Jacob, the name Jacob, the person Jacob, the face of Jacob.

Jacob is a person's name.

So it is a proper noun.

Letter J is capital letter because it is the first letter of the proper noun.

The capital letter does not join to the next letter.

The first join is used to connect the A to C, and the C to O.

The fourth join is used to connect the O to B.

And here's Sam also looking good.

The name is looking good.

The face is looking good.

Sam is a person's name.

So it is a proper noun.

Letter S is a capital letter because it is the first letter of the proper noun.

The capital letter does not join to the next letter.

The first join is used to connect the A to the M.

I'm gonna have a go now forming the proper nouns, Jacob and Sam in the air, use my finger.

After I've finished, it'll be your turn to form the proper nouns, Jacob and Sam in the air.

Okay, I'm gonna go first and we're gonna begin.

Jacob, I'll put the ascender line.

I'm going to form a capital J.

And then I'm gonna lift my pencil off because we don't join from capital.

I'm gonna say, ready line, go.

I'm done at baseline.

I'm gonna start with my lead in.

I'm gonna form the letter A, and I'm gonna join all my letters together.

Join the A to the C.

Join the C to the O.

And then I'm gonna do the fourth join from the O up to the B to the ascender line, form my letter B, and finish with a lead out at the baseline.

I assume that's looking pretty good.

All right, it's your turn.

You're gonna have a go at forming the proper noun, Jacob.

And remember, capital Ss don't join.

So you have to lift your pencil after forming your capital letter.

So let's begin up at the ascender line for the J.

Form our capital J.

Lift your pencil off.

Get down to the baseline.

Ready, line, go.

Lead in A, gonna join to the C, gonna join to the O, and we're gonna join up to the B.

Finish with a lead out.

Oh yeah, that's looking very good.

I think Jacob will be very happy with that.

Okay, next up I'm going to write the proper noun and I'm gonna begin up at the assembly line with my capital S.

I'm going to take my pencil off the page because next I'm gonna do my A.

And we don't join from a capital.

Ready, line, go.

Lead in to my A, form my A, and I'm gonna join to the M, form my M, lead out at the baseline.

Very nice, very nice if I say so myself.

It's your turn.

Remember, we're gonna write Sam.

We're not gonna join from our capital.

Let's go.

Capital S, pencil off, and we'll format A with a lead in, and then we'll join to the M, and we'll finish with a lead out at the baseline.

Very nice job everyone.

I'm going to show you how to form the proper nouns, Jacob and Sam.

I'm sitting comfortably.

I'm holding my pen in the tripod grip, and I'm gonna put my pen into the correct starting position.

And I'm going to begin my capital letter J.

I'll lift my pencil to the line across the top of the J.

And then I'm gonna lift my pencil again because we don't join from the capital letter.

And I'll start with my lead in for the A.

And I'm gonna join from one letter to the next, and I am gonna finish with a lead out at the baseline.

Next, I'm gonna show you how to form Sam, the proper noun, Sam.

I've got my pen in the starting position just up near the ascender line.

I'm gonna form a capital S, lift my pen off as I now do my lead in to the A.

Now join to the M, and I'm gonna finish with a lead out at the baseline.

Check for understanding.

Select the correct join sequence, which of these Jacobs is formed correctly.

Pause the video while you decide.

Well done, if you selected the Jacob in the middle.

The J is not joined to the next letter.

Because we know the capitals, we don't join from A capital, and the B has a lovely lead out at the baseline.

Select the correct join sequence.

Which of these Sams is formed correctly? Pause the video while you decide.

Well done, if you selected the Sam above the C.

We've got the S doing its own thing.

It's not joined to the next letter because we don't join from a capital.

The A has a lead in.

M has a lead out.

For your task, I'd like you to practise forming proper noun, Jacob.

First go of the grey examples.

Next, try using the starting dot, and then complete two lines independently on your tramlines.

After that, I'd like you to practise forming the proper noun, Sam.

go over the grey examples, try using the starting dot, and complete two lines independently on your tramlines.

Pause the video while you have a go at this task.

And I'll see you when you're finished.

It's good to be back with you.

How did you get on? Did you use capital letter J for Jacob? Did you lift your pencil after forming a J? And did you join letters A, C, O, and B without lifting your pencil? Circle your best Jacob, and celebrate.

How about Sam? Did you use a capital letter S to begin? Did you lift your pencil after forming the letter S? And did you join letters A and M without lifting your pencil? Circle your best Sam and celebrate.

And now it's time for us to look at a proper nouns, Leeds and Glasgow.

Let's closely at these proper nouns in cursive.

Here's the Leeds.

Here's the Glasgow.

What do you notice? What do you see? Pause video and tell someone nearby.

All right, lots of things to notice here.

Leeds begins with a capital letter.

The E, the first E in Leeds has a lead in.

The S at the end of Leeds has a lead out.

Let's look at Glasgow.

Hmm, same thing.

It begins with the capital letter.

The next letter has a lead in.

The final letter has a lead out.

And the G in the middle has a looped descender.

And did you spot as well that there's appropriate space between letters when writing these words? They're not squished together.

They're not super far apart.

Leeds.

Great place.

Leeds is a city in England, so it is a proper noun.

Letter L is a capital letter because it's the first letter of the proper noun.

The capital letter does not join to the next letter.

The rest of these letters all join using the first join from the baseline to the x-height line.

Lots of practise of the first join and writing Leeds.

And here's Glasgow.

It's another great place.

It's a city in Scotland.

So it's a proper noun.

Letter G is capital letter because it's the first letter of the proper noun.

The capital letter does not join to the next letter, and the rest of these letters all join using the first join except the O to the W.

This join is the third join.

Okay, it's time for us to have some fun.

We are gonna form the proper nouns, Leeds and Glasgow in the air.

I will go first, and then it's your turn.

Alright, I am going to begin up on the ascender line and I'm gonna form my capital letter L.

I'm gonna take my finger off the page because we don't join from a capital.

And I'm gonna start down the baseline.

Ready, line, go.

Lead into my first E, join to the next E, join to the D, going all the way up to the ascender line, and join to the S.

All the first join.

Finish with the lead out at the baseline.

And now it's your turn to form the proper noun Leeds.

And "Remember, capital letters don't join.

You have to lift your pencil after forming them." Thanks for a reminder, Aisha.

Let's go, starting up at the assembly line with the capital L.

Let's go.

Here's the L.

Lift our pencil off and we're gonna form our lead in to the E, first D, next E, D, and S.

Finish with a lead out at the baseline.

Leeds is looking great.

Now, I'm going to have a go at forming Glasgow.

I'm gonna begin at the assembly line, my capital G.

Now, I'll be at the baseline, lead in to my L, join to the A, join to the S, join to the G.

I got that looped descender, remember? Join to the O, and I'll join to the W.

Finish with the lead out at the x-height line.

It's your turn to form Glasgow.

Remember, we don't join from the capital G.

So form our G.

Then, we'll take our pencil off, and go down to the baseline.

Lead in to the L, join to the A, join to the S, join to the G.

Don't forget that looped descender.

Join to the O, and finally join to the W.

Finish with the lead out at the x-height line.

Great job everyone.

Glasgow's looking great.

I'm going to show you how to form the proper nouns, Leeds and Glasgow.

I'm sitting comfortably.

My pen is in the tripod grip.

I'm going to start my capital L up at the ascender line.

Gonna form my capital L.

Then I'm gonna lift my pencil off the page 'cause we don't join from my capital.

And start with my lead into the E, first E.

Gonna join to the next E.

Join to the D, and then join to the S.

And I'll finish with the lead out at the baseline.

There is Leeds.

Okay, now it's time for Glasgow.

I'm going to begin at almost at the ascender line, and I'm gonna form my capital G.

Then, I'm gonna take my pen off the page.

Start down at the baseline with my L, lead into the L.

I'm gonna join all of my letters together.

And with the G, I go down to the descender line with a lead out loop up to the O.

And then I'll finish with the W and a lead out at the x-height line.

Check for understanding.

Select the correct join sequence.

Which of these Leeds is formed correctly? Pause the video while you decide.

Well done, if you selected the first Leeds.

The capital L is formed, and is not joined to the next letter.

There's appropriate amount spacing between the letters, and the S finishes with a lead out.

Select the correct join sequence for Glasgow.

Pause the video while you decide which of these three Glasgows is correct.

Well done, if you selected the Glasgow in the middle.

The G is formed correctly.

It's not joining to another letter.

It's got a good amount of space between the G and the next letter.

The L has a lead in, and that W has a lead out.

For your task, I'd like you to practise forming the proper noun Leeds.

Go over the grey examples, try using the starting dots, and complete two lines independently on your tramlines.

Next, I'd like you to practise forming the proper noun Glasgow.

Go over the grey examples, try using the starting dot, and complete two lines independently on your tramlines.

Pause video while you have a go at this task.

And I'll see you when you're finished.

It's good to be back with you.

How did you get on reforming Leeds? Did you remember to use capital letter? Did you use the first join to connect all of the rest of the letters? Did you remember a lead in and a lead out? Circle your best Leeds and celebrate.

How did you get on with forming the proper noun Glasgow? Did you remember capital letter G to start? Did you lift your pencil after forming the letter G? Did you remember a lead in and a lead out? I hope so.

Circle your best Glasgow and celebrate.

And now it's time for us to look at the proper nouns, Monday and Tuesday.

Let's look closely at these proper nouns in cursive.

What do you notice? What do you see? Tell someone nearby.

Pause the video here.

Did you spot? Monday begins with a capital letter.

The next letter, the O, has a lead in.

The final letter, the Y, has a lead out loop.

What about Tuesday? Begins with a capital? The next letter, the U, has a lead in.

The final letter, the Y, has a lead out loop, and there's appropriate space between letters when writing these words.

They're not super squished together.

They're not super spread out.

They're just, nice amount of space in between each letter.

Monday.

Monday is the day of the week.

So it is a proper noun.

Letter M is a capital letter because it's the first letter of the proper noun.

The capital letter does not join to the next letter.

The first and the third join are used in this word.

The letter Y has a looped descender as the lead out.

Those are quite fun.

And here's Tuesday.

Tuesday's a day of the week, so it's a proper noun.

Letter T is a capital letter because it's the first letter of the proper noun.

A capital letter does not join to the next letter.

Only the first join is used in this word.

A lot of practise of the first join.

Letter Y has a loop descender as the lead out.

Okay, it's time to form these proper nouns, Monday and Tuesday, in the air.

I'm going to go first.

I'm gonna begin by forming Monday.

Are we ready? Here I am.

I'm gonna begin with my capital M.

I'm gonna lift my pencil off the page because we don't join from a capital letter.

I'm gonna start here at the baseline.

Ready, line, go.

Lead in to my O.

And then I'm going across to the N, and I'm joining to the D, joining to the A, and joining to the Y.

And I'll finish with a lead out loop.

I felt good.

Okay, now it's your turn.

Are you ready for Monday? Remember, we don't join from a capital letter, so you're gonna lift your pencil after the M.

Let's go.

Form our capital M, lift the pencil, and now we're gonna begin at the baseline with our lead into the O.

Gonna join to the N, gonna join to the D, gonna join to the A, and we'll join to the Y.

Finish with a lead out loop.

Ah, there's Monday.

And now it's time for Tuesday.

I am gonna form Tuesday in the air.

Here I go.

Here's my capital T.

I'm gonna take my pencil off the page and go down to the baseline for my lead into the U.

I'm gonna join to the E, join to the S, join to the D, join to the A, and finally I'm gonna join to the Y, and finish with a lead out loop.

That's Tuesday looking very good, if I say so myself.

And now it's your turn.

Are you ready for Tuesday? "Remember," Aisha's reminding us, "capital letters don't join." So we're gonna lift our pencil after the T.

Ready, here we go.

Here's our capital T.

Lift your pencil down to the baseline and we're gonna do loads of the first join.

Ready? Let's do it.

Let's get it nice and flowing.

Lead into the U, E, S, D, A, and finally the Y.

Lead out loop.

Oh yeah, that's looking good.

And now let's have a go at Tuesday.

Capital T.

Lift your pencil off to form the U.

Gonna move from there to the E.

We'll join to the S.

We'll join to the D.

We'll join to the A.

And we'll join to the Y.

Lead out loop.

Great job everybody.

I'm going to show you how to form the proper noun, Monday.

I'm sitting comfortably.

My pen is in the tripod grip.

I'm gonna say to myself, ready, line, go.

And I will start by forming the capital M for Monday.

I take my pencil off the page because we don't join from a capital letter.

And I'll start with my lead in to the O.

Form my O.

And then I'm gonna join to the N.

Form my N.

And join to the D.

Form my D.

Join to the A.

Form my A.

Join to the Y.

And I'll finish with a looped descender lead out at the baseline.

Now, I'm going to show you how to form the proper noun, Tuesday.

I'm sitting comfortably.

My pen is in the tripod grip.

I'm gonna put my pen at the starting position to form the capital T.

I'm gonna take my pen off the page 'cause we don't join from my capital.

And then I'm gonna begin with my U, lead into the U, and then I'll join all my letters together.

Going up to the descender line for the D.

Joining to my A.

And I'm finally, here comes the Y.

And it has a lead out loop.

Tuesday.

Check for understanding.

Select the correct join sequence.

Which Monday is formed correctly? Pause video while you decide.

Well done, if you selected the Monday in the middle.

It's got a capital M.

It's got the capital M at the right height.

The O has a lead in, and the Y has a lead out.

Select the correct join sequence for Tuesday.

Pause the video while you decide which Tuesday is formed correctly.

Well done, if you selected the first Tuesday.

This has got the T at the correct height, going up to the ascender line.

The U has a lead in, and the Y has a lead out loop.

It's time for your final task.

Practise forming the proper noun, Monday.

First of all, go over the grey examples.

Next, try using the starting dot.

And finally complete two lines independently on your tram lines.

After that, I'd like you to practise forming the proper noun Tuesday.

Go over the grey examples.

Try using the starting dot.

And finally complete two lines independently, flowingly, with focus, having great fun on your tram lines.

Pause the video here, and I'll see you when you're finished.

It is good to see you.

How did you get on? Did you remember a capital letter M? Did you remember a lead in for the letter O? Did you remember the loop lead out for letter Y? Circle your best Monday and celebrate.

How about Tuesday? Did you remember the capital letter T? Did you use the correct joins? Did you keep your pencil on the page for the letter string? Circle your best Tuesday and celebrate.

In today's lesson, reviewing proper nouns, using lead-ins, we've covered the following.

Proper nouns name specific people, places, and things.

The first letter of a proper noun always needs a capital letter.

Capital letters do not join to the next letter.

They sit on their own.

After forming a capital letter, you need to lift your pencil to start the next part of the word with a lead-in.

The remaining letters in the proper noun will be joined using a range of joins, depending on the letters in the word.

The last letter will have a lead out.

There is an appropriate space between the letters joined in cursive.

Well done everyone for joining in with this lesson, reviewing proper nouns, using lead-ins.

It was really great forming those names and those places.

Maybe you'll get to visit Leeds or Glasgow.

They are such great places, and those days.

I hope you enjoy every Monday and Tuesday.

They're fantastic days of the week, and it was just great to be with you.

I'll see you in the next lesson.

Bye for now.