Hello everyone.

This is Ms. Afzal here again to share some more handwriting with you.

I'm so excited to be here.

I hope you're feeling excited too, we're going to, as always, do our best.

We are as always going to have lots of fun.

Are you ready to begin? Let's get started.

The outcome for today's lesson is I can correctly form letters with looped descenders and know which letters are break letters.

We have some keywords in today's lesson.

Let's go through them, my turn, your turn.

Descender, lead out, loop, break letter, letter string.

Fantastic, I heard those loud and clear, and I'm looking forward to us finding out more about these words.

So what's happening in today's lesson? Well, we're going to begin by looking at the loop descenders, Y and G.

Next, the loop descenders, J and F.

And finally we'll be finding out about break letters.

Let's begin with our loop descenders, Y and G.

Print and cursive are the most common forms of handwriting.

Print is when each letter is formed separately.

Take a look at this word cat.

Each of those letters, the C, the A, the T.

They are doing their own thing.

They are separate.

Sure, they come together to form the word cat, but they are not joined in any way.

Cursive is also known as joined up handwriting.

And this involves joining the letters in a flowing manner.

And we can see that the second version of a cat looks quite different to the first one because these letters are joined together.

So let's look closely at a print in cursive example.

Here we go.

His print formation leg, LEG.

These letters are separate, they're not joined together.

Now let's look at a cursive formation of the word leg.

These letters are connected together, they're joined.

Sometimes we call this join up handwriting.

And here we can see some more letters that are joined.

Cursive handwriting involves joining, linking, connecting letters together without lifting your pencil.

How the letters are connected together depends on which letter is joining to which letter.

Cursive letter joins refers to how letters connect together and learning letter joins will improve your cursive handwriting skills, allowing for a smooth flow of handwriting.

It's gonna look good, it's gonna feel good.

It's really worth us putting some time and effort into learning how cursive letter joins.

Check for understanding, how the letters are connected together depends upon how you feel that day.

Which letter is joining to which letter? The word you are writing.

Pause the video while you decide which statement's true.

Well done if you selected B, it depends upon which letter is joining to which letter.

The formation of some letters changes when moving from print to cursive.

Let's look at some examples.

And what do you notice about these? Take a look at the print Y and then a cursive Y.

Pause a video while you share with someone nearby what you notice about these two letters.

Well done if you spotted that the cursive Y has a loop at the end of the descender.

Let's look at another example here of Gs.

Print G, cursive G, what do you notice? What do you see? Pause a video and tell someone nearby.

Well done again if you spotted that loop at the end of the descender on the cursive G.

So what do you notice about how the formation of these letters changes from print to cursive? The formation of the letters Y and G is different from print to cursive.

This is to support the smooth connection when joining these letters to other letters.

Letters with descenders have a loop at the end, which comes up to above the baseline, the descender loop can be referred to as the lead out.

We have some keywords on this page, so let's go through each of them.

So a descender is a part of a letter which goes down below the baseline, down to the descender line.

A loop is a rounded shape that is made in some letters, and the lead out is a stroke or a line that takes us outta the letter smoothly helps us to join to the next letter.

Okay, it's time for us to form the letters Y and G with loop descenders in the air.

I'm gonna go first of all, then it will be your turn.

I'm gonna focus on keeping my movements smooth and flowing.

So I'm going to begin on the X height line, and I'm going to form my letter Y and I'm gonna get to the descender line.

I'm going to loop up and around, and I'm gonna head up to just above the baseline.

And I'll stop there, I'll show you one more time.

So I'm gonna start at the X height line, form letter Y.

And then when I get to the baseline, I'm gonna loop around and then finish just above the baseline.

It's your turn.

, are you ready for the Y? Let's start at the X height line, form a letter Y.

Go down to the baseline, loop around, and then come up to just above the baseline.

One more, form out Y, down to the baseline.

Loop around and keep that line going to just above the baseline for our lead out.

Amazing job, everyone.

Okay, now I'm going to form the letter G.

It's really quite similar.

I'm starting at the X height line.

I'm gonna form a letter G, go down to the baseline loop around, and I'm gonna go up to above the baseline for my lead out.

And now it's your turn, are you ready? Let's get started at the X height line, form the letter G, down to the baseline, loop around and then finish just above the baseline for the lead out.

One more time, form my letter G.

Go down to the baseline, loop around and finish just above the baseline with the lead out.

Fantastic job everyone.

I'm gonna show you how to form the loop descender y.

I'm sitting comfortably and I'm holding my pen in the tripod grip.

I'm going to put my pen on the X height line and I'm going to form a letter Y.

And then as I reach the descender line, I'm going to loop up to just above the baseline to form the lead out.

I'll show you that again.

I'll start at the X height line, form a letter Y.

And then as I reach the descender line, I'm going to loop up to just above the baseline for my lead out, I'm gonna show you how to form the loop descender G, I'm sitting comfortably, my pen is in the tripod grip.

I'm going to put my pen at the X height line and form my letter G.

And then as I reach the descender line, I'm going to loop up to just above the baseline to form my lead out.

I'll show you that again, form my letter G.

And then as I reach the descender line, I'm gonna loop up to just above the baseline for my lead out.

Check for understanding, select the correct formation of the letter Y with a loop descender.

Pause the video while you decide which one it is.

Well done if you selected the Y in the middle, this has got the loop coming out at the from the descender and finishing with that lead out just above the baseline, select the correct formation of the G.

Which one is it? Pause the video while you decide.

Well done if you selected the first G, this one has got that loop descender and the lead out coming out from just above the baseline.

For your first task, I would like you to practise the loop descender Y.

Go over the grey examples, try using the starting dot.

And finally complete two lines independently on your tram lines.

After that, I'd like you to practise the loop descender G, go over the grey examples, try using the starting dot, and then complete two lines independently on your tram lines.

Pause the video while you have a go at this task and I'll see you when you're finished.

Okay, it's good to be back with you.

How did you get on? Did you start on the X height site line? Did you form a lead out loop at the end of the descender? And did your lead out come out above the baseline? I hope so, hope you enjoyed them.

Circle your best and celebrate.

And now it's time for us to look at loop descenders J and F.

The formation of some letters changes when moving from print to cursive.

Let's look at some more examples.

What do you notice? Take a look at these Js, the print J, the cursive J.

Pause a video and tell someone nearby anything you notice about these letters.

Did you notice the loop at the end of the descender for the cursive J? Now let's look at the F's.

What do you notice about the print F and the cursive F? What do you notice, what do you see? Pause the video and tell someone nearby.

Did you spot there was a loop at the top of the ascender for the cursive F and a loop at the end of the descender.

What do you notice about how the formation of these letters changes from print to cursive? Letters J and F both have a descender loop which comes up to above the baseline to connect with the next letter.

The descender loop can be referred to as the lead out.

Letter F has a loop at the ascender to support joining to the letter beforehand.

The loop on the ascender can be referred to as the lead in.

We have a few keywords here.

So we've got descender loop.

Descender is a part of the letter that goes below the baseline and down to the descender line.

And a loop is a part of a letter that goes around, rounded kind of shape.

And what else do we have? We've talked about lead out and joining.

So joining is when letters join together, connect together, link together.

Okay, so I'm going to have a go at forming the letters J and F with looped descenders in the air.

I'm using my finger to do that and I'm gonna keep my movements smooth and flowing.

Afterwards it will be your turn.

I'm going to start with my J at the X height line.

I'm going down forming my J, and as I reach the descender line, I'm gonna loop up to just above the baseline.

And then I'll take my pencil off and dot the J.

Okay, are you ready for your turn? Start at the X height line, form your letter to J.

As you reach the descender line you're gonna make a loop, loop around to just above the baseline, pencil off, dot the J.

One more, from the X height line, form the J, as you reach the descender line, loop around to just above the baseline, pencil off, dot the J.

Good job, now I'm going to have a go at the F with loop descender.

I'm gonna begin in between the X height line and the baseline my lead in.

I'm gonna loop my lead in, form my letter F.

And then as I reach the descender line, I'm gonna loop around to just be on the baseline.

There's my F, and now it's your turn, are you ready? Start in between the X height line and the baseline with your lead in loop.

There we go, looping up to the ascender line.

Then as we approach the descender line, we form another loop, looping around to just beyond the baseline, looking good.

One more, in between the X height line and the baseline is where we start with our leading loop up to the ascender line, down to the descender line.

As we approach that, we make another loop, lead out loop that finishes just beyond the baseline.

Great job everyone, I'm going show you how to form the loop descender J.

I'm sitting comfortably.

My pen is in the tripod grip.

I'm going to begin at the X height line and form my letter J.

And then as I reach the descender line, I'm going to loop up to just above the baseline to form my lead out.

And then I'll go back to add my dot.

Let's start, let's try that again.

I'm going to form my J.

As I reach a descender line, I'm gonna form a lead out that goes just above the baseline and then I'll add the dot.

I'm going to show you how to form the loop descender F, I'm sitting comfortably, my pen is in the tripod grip.

I'm gonna put my pen between the baseline and the X height line.

And I'm going to begin by forming a lead in to the ascender line.

And then as I reach the descender line, I'm going to loop up to just above the baseline to form my lead out.

Let's try that again.

I'll start between the X height line in the baseline with my lead in, looping around.

And then I'm gonna go down to the descender line and form another loop, which will be my lead out loop that forms the lead out just above the baseline.

Check for understanding, select the correct formation of the J with a loop descender.

Pause the video while you decide which one it is.

Well done, if you selected the J above the C, this one has got that lead out loop going just beyond the baseline.

Select the correct formation of the F because of F with the lead out loop.

Pause the video while you decide which one it is.

Well done if you selected the first F.

This has got the lead in loop and it's got the lead out loop and it sits in between the descender line and the ascender line.

Now it's time for your next task.

I'd like to practise the loop descender J by going over the grey examples by using the starting dot and then completing two lines independently on your tram lines.

After that, I'd like you to practise the loop descender F, go over the grey samples, try using the starting dot and complete two lines independently with focus and flow and lots of loops on your tram lines.

Pause the video here and I'll see you when you're finished.

All right, it's good to be back with you.

How did you get on? Did you start at the correct starting point? Did you form a lead out loop at the end of the descender? And did your letter F also have a lead in loop? I hope so.

Circle your best joins and celebrate.

And now we're onto the final part of our lesson, break letters.

Cursive handwriting involves joining letters together without lifting your pencil.

How the letters connected together depends on which letter is joining to which letter.

However, there are certain letters that are called break letters and break letters are letters in the alphabet that do not join with the next letters in their letter string.

And a letter string is a few letters that are written together in a word.

Here's the X, here's the Z.

These two are the break letters.

And remember, break letters are letters that do not join to the next letter in their letter string.

They do not have a lead out because they don't join to the next letter.

You lift your pencil after forming these letters if they appear in the middle of the letter string, they do not join to the letter before them in a letter string, check for understanding.

Select the break letters.

A, Z, F, X, which of these are the break letters? Pause the video while you decide.

Well done if you selected Z and X, these are the break letters.

They do not join to the next letter in the letter string.

And now it's time for us to practise writing a letter string in the air.

I'm going to go first and I'm gonna remember to lift my finger after the break letter.

Okay, so I'm gonna form my A and from the A, I'm gonna make that join from the baseline up to the X height line.

I'm gonna form my letter X and then I'm gonna lift my finger because the X does not join to the next letter.

It's your turn, are you ready? A, X, let's go form the A.

Here's our join from the A up to the X.

We'll form our letter X and then we lift our pencil off the page because we're not going to be joining to the next letter.

It's time for O Z, I'm gonna go first, are you ready? Here's the O, and I'm joining from my O straight across to form my Z.

And then I lift my pencil because I don't join to the next letter, the Z is a brake letter.

Your turn, ready? O, straight across to the Z and pencil off.

No joining from a brake letter.

I'm gonna show you how to form a letter string, including the break letter X.

So I'm going to write A X, starting at the X height line.

Draw my A and I'm going from the A to the X.

And then after the X, I lift my pencil up because I don't join from the X.

And I'm going to show you how to form a letter string with a Z in it.

I'm going to do OZ, so I'm gonna form my O.

I'm gonna link from the O to the Z and then I'll lift my pen off the page because I don't link from the Z as it's a break letter.

And now it's time for your task.

I'd like you to practise lifting your pencil after the break letter.

First of all, go over the grey examples.

Next, try using the starting dot.

And finally, complete two lines independently on your track lines.

After this, I'd like you to practise lifting your pencil after the break.

Letter OZ, after the break letter Z, go of the grey examples, try using the starting dot.

And then complete two lines independently on your tramlines.

Pause the video here while you have a go at your task and I'll see you when you're finished.

It's good to be back with you, how did you get on? Did you join the break letter to the first letter? So it's fine, you can join to the letter before, but we don't join to the next letter.

So did you lift your pencil after forming the break letter? Circle your best join and celebrate, well done everybody.

In today's lesson, loop descenders and break letters.

We've covered the following, in cursive handwriting, letters with descenders use a lead out loop to join with the next letter in the letter string, letter F has a lead in loop and a lead out loop.

Letters X and Z are break letters as they don't join to the letter after them in a letter string.

Well done everybody.

You have been really focused and I love how you joined in with all those loops.

Leading in, leading out, and then also remembering to take your pencil off the page after the X or the Z because they are the break letters.

Well, I think it's time for us all to take a break now.

We've worked so hard, I love being with you and I'll see you in the next lesson.

Bye for now.