Hello, everyone, I am Ms. Afzal, and I'm feeling really excited because guess what we're going to do together? We are going to do some handwriting.

I love sharing handwriting.

I love forming new letters together, making patterns.

It's also much fun.

So what you need to be ready is to have your eyes ready looking.

You need your ears ready to listen out for keywords.

And we're gonna be warming up our hands and our wrists soon, so you'll need those ready.

And let's begin.

Let's have a great time.

The outcome for today's lesson is I can correctly form the second join.

Let's see what our keywords are.

Let's go through them.

My turn.

Your turn.

Cursive, join, lead out, baseline, ascender line.

Fantastic.

Well done.

I loved hearing those words from you, really loud and clear.

Okay, let's see what's involved in today's lesson.

So in today's lesson, the second join: ck, ch, nk, and lk with no lead in.

We'll go through the following.

First of all, handwriting warmups.

Next, the second join: ck and ch.

And then we'll finish with the second join: nk and lk.

Are you ready for warmups? Hmm.

Let's think, why are they important? Well, before we start to write, it's important to warm up your hand and your wrist muscles because your hands and your wrists get stronger when you exercise them.

So warming up your hands before writing will help to improve your handwriting.

We are going to start our handwriting warmups with a really, really fun warmup.

This one is piano playing.

And this is so much fun because we get to exercise our hands and we get to imagine a really fun tune in our head.

So I'm going to go first and then it will be your turn.

I'm getting my fingers in position on top of my imaginary piano, and I am going to start pressing each of these keys on the keyboard by moving my fingers and pressing them down, stretching my fingers, moving along the keyboard, making a lovely tune.

Oh my goodness, this sounds great.

I'm enjoying hearing this in my mind.

Wonderful.

And now, it's your turn.

Get your hands ready.

Get your fingers in position just above the keys on your piano keyboard.

And let's go.

Let's start playing our tune.

So you're pressing your fingers down on the imaginary piano keyboard.

You are stretching out your fingers 'cause you need to go and to reach some of those notes that are a little bit further away.

Oh, how's your tune sounding? Are you enjoying it? I can hear all of these lovely imaginary tunes.

What a great, great sound.

What a great stretch for our fingers.

Well done, everyone.

Next, we are going to have a go at the clapping position.

So for this, we're going to bring our hands together as if we were clapping.

And I'll have a go first and then it will be your turn.

And I'm gonna press all of my fingers into each other.

So fingers from this hand are pressing into the fingers from this hand.

And my palms, the centre of your hand, the palms are pressing against each other as well.

It's a really, really nice way for us to get our hands and our wrists as well ready for handwriting.

Hmm.

It feels really nice.

It's your turn.

Get your hands ready as if you're going to clap.

You deserve a clap after this, and let's press them together.

Pressing together each of your fingers, pressing together your thumbs, pressing the palms of your hands together.

Your wrists are getting a nice little stretch here as well.

Doesn't this feel great? Ah, lovely, and relax.

All done.

As well, practising writing patterns helps us to prepare for writing and joining letters.

Look at these great patterns on the screen, and we're gonna have a go at this question now.

True or false? Exercising your hands makes them weaker.

Pause the video while you decide if that statement is true or false.

Well done if you selected false.

Absolutely.

There is no truth in that.

Exercising your hands is not gonna make them weaker.

What is it gonna do? It's gonna make them stronger.

Absolutely.

For your task, I'd like you to copy and continue these patterns using your tripod grip.

These are some really fun patterns.

I would like you to have a go at these.

And remember, don't lift your pencil when forming the pattern.

Focus on keeping your movement smooth and flowing.

Pause the video while you have a go at these patterns.

So how did you get on? I'm wondering, did you use your tripod grip? Did you keep your pencil on the page? Was your movement smooth? I really hope so.

And next, it's time for us to look at the second join: ck and ch.

First of all, let's remind ourselves a little bit about different styles of writing.

Print and cursive are the most common forms of handwriting.

Print is when each letter is formed separately.

So can you see these letters here? C-A-T for cat? They are all separate.

Each of them is just doing its own thing.

They're not touching the others, they're not joined or connected in any way.

Cursive is also known as joined-up handwriting.

This involves joining the letters in a flowing manner.

So here's our keyword cursive.

So that's what cursive means.

It means the letters are joined together and you don't lift your pencil off the page when you're forming cursive handwriting.

You join each letter to the next one.

And joined up, to join letters means we connect them, we link them up, we connect them so there's no gap in between them as you can see in that cursive formation of the word cat.

Here are some joined-up letters.

Cursive handwriting involves joining letters together without lifting your pencil.

How the letters are connected depends upon which letter is joining to which letter.

Cursive letter joins refers to how letters connect together and learning the letter joins will improve your cursive handwriting skills, allowing for a smooth flow of handwriting.

Let me tell you, it looks good.

It feels good.

It's a really great thing to put some effort into our cursive handwriting.

So a little recap.

The first join we learned is shown below.

Can you see the way these letters, each of these letters is joining to the next one.

This is the first join.

Can you remember where it goes from and where it goes to? Yeah, I think you've got it.

Let's get a reminder from Aisha.

Aisha says, "The first join is from the baseline to the x-height line." Like so.

Fantastic.

That's so nice and clear and helpful.

Thank you, Aisha.

Check for understanding.

The first join is from the baseline to the descender line, x-height line, or ascender line.

Pause the video while you decide.

Well done if you pick the x-height line.

Absolutely.

The first join goes from the baseline to the x-height line, just like Aisha reminded us.

Now, let's take a close look at these examples of our second join.

Hmm, take a look at the way the c, the k, and then the c and the h are joined together.

But closely, what can you see? Tell the person next to you.

Pause the video here.

I wonder, did you notice, at the end of this k, there is a lead out? How about the h? Did you spot that lead out coming from off of the h? And these letters are joined together.

The c and the k are joined.

The c and the h are joined.

Let's find out more.

So what do you notice about how these letters are joined? Well, the first letter starts on the x-height line.

The second join starts at the baseline, and this time, it goes all the way up to the ascender line.

You don't lift your pencil when forming the join.

And the last letter has a lead out at the baseline.

Here's June with a reminder.

The second join is from the baseline to the ascender line, like this.

Thank you, June.

It's time for us to have some fun and form these joins in the air.

I'm going to go first and then it'll be your turn.

I'm gonna start with ck, and I'm gonna resee if I can keep my movement smooth and flowing.

Alright, here we go.

So I'm gonna begin just underneath, actually, the x-height line.

So just under the x-height line, I'm gonna begin my c, and I'm gonna go around in an anticlockwise direction to form my c.

And then for the join, I'm gonna go from the baseline all the way up to the ascender line.

And now, I'm going to form my k, and I'll finish that k with a lead out.

Oh yes, that's great.

Okay, it's your turn.

So we're gonna begin just beneath the x-height line.

And then let's form our letter c.

So we'll go anticlockwise to form letter c.

Here's our join, from the baseline up to the ascender line.

Oh, yes.

Great.

Form our k and finish with a lead out at the baseline.

Let's do one more.

Ready, line, go, anticlockwise to form c.

Here comes our join, baseline up to the ascender line, form the letter k, finish with the lead out.

Wonderful job, everyone.

Now I'm going to have a go at the ch.

I'll begin just below the x-height line, and I'll go round anticlockwise to form the letter c.

Here's my join, from the baseline to the, yep, you got it, x-height line.

And I'm gonna form my letter h, finish with a lead out on the baseline.

It's your turn.

Are you ready? Line, go, let's do it.

Form letter c.

Here we go.

From the baseline all the way up to the ascender line, form letter h, finish with the lead out.

Feels so good.

We just wanna keep going, don't we? Come on then, let's do another one.

Let's see.

We're gonna go anticlockwise from the baseline.

Here's our join, up to the ascender line, form letter h, lead out.

Job done terrifically.

Well done, everyone.

I'm going to show you how to form the second join: ck.

I'm sitting comfortably.

My pen is in the tripod grip.

I'm gonna say ready, line, go, put my pen just below the x-height line and form the letter c in an anticlockwise direction.

And then for my join, I'm gonna go up from the baseline to the ascender line.

I'm gonna form my letter k, and I'm gonna finish with a lead out at the baseline.

Let's try that again.

Just starting below the x-height line for my c, going anticlockwise, then here's my join from the baseline up to the ascender line, form my letter k and finish with a lead out at the baseline.

One more.

Anticlockwise for the c, and from the baseline, I'm gonna join by going up to the x-height line to the ascender line.

And here's my letter k, finish with a lead out.

I'm going to show you how to form the second join: ch.

I'm sitting comfortably.

My pen is in the tripod grip.

I'm gonna say ready, line, go, put my pen just below the x-height line and form my c by going around in an anticlockwise direction.

Then to join, I'm gonna go from the baseline all the way up to the ascender line.

I'm gonna form my letter h and finish with a lead out at the baseline.

Let's try that again.

Ready, line, go, just below the x-height line, anticlockwise, form my c, here's the join, baseline up to the ascender line, form my letter h.

Finish with a lead out at the baseline.

One more.

Anticlockwise with a c.

Here's the join, baseline up to the ascender line, form my letter h, finish with a lead out.

Check for understanding.

Select the correct join.

Which of these cks has been joined correctly? Pause the video while you decide.

Well done if you selected the one in the middle.

This has got the join going from the baseline all the way up to the ascender line and the k finishes with the lead out.

Select the correct join between c and the h.

Pause the video while you decide which one that is.

Well done if you selected the first one.

That's got the join going from the baseline all the way up to the ascender line and the h finishes with a lovely lead out.

Great job.

For your task, I'd like you to practise the second join: ck.

First of all, go over the grey examples.

Next, try using the starting dot.

And finally, complete two lines independently on your tramlines.

After that, I'd like you to practise the second join: ch.

Go over the grey examples, try using the starting dot and then complete two lines independently on your tramlines.

Enjoy every join, and I'll see you when you're finished.

Pause the video here.

Good to be back with you.

I'm curious to find out, did you start on the x-height line? Did you join from the baseline to the ascender line? And let's just remind ourselves those are our keywords.

The baseline is that green line where most of the letters sit upon the baseline and the ascender line is the highest line on our tramlines.

So that's where letters with ascenders, many letters of ascenders reach up that high.

Circle your best join and celebrate.

And now, it's time to look at our second join; nk and lk.

They are about to appear on the screen.

Are you ready for them? Here they come.

Let are closely at more examples of our second join.

So here is nk and lk.

Hmm.

What do you notice about this join? What do you notice about these two letters? Two sets of letters.

What can you see? Tell the person next to you and pause the video here.

Did you spot these lead outs? So in the nk, the k at the end has a lead out, and in the lk, the k also has a lead out at the baseline.

And the two letters are joined together.

Can you see that join from the n to the k and from the l to the k? Let's find out a little bit more.

So what else did you notice about how these letters are joined? The letter n starts on the x-height line.

The letter l starts at the ascender line.

The second join starts at the baseline and it goes all the way up to the ascender line.

So just remember those words.

Those are some of our keywords.

So the baseline is that line in green where many of the letters sit.

And the ascender line is that highest line on our set of tramlines.

And that's where most letters of ascenders reach up that high.

You don't lift your pencil when forming the join.

Remember, the join is like a connection, a link between the letters.

And last letter has a lead out.

And a lead out is our keyword.

A lead out is a line that takes us out of that letter.

And actually what it's gonna do is the lead out is what helps us to join to the next letter.

Here's June with a reminder.

The second join is from the baseline to the ascender line.

There it is.

Okay, let's have a go at forming these joins: nk and lk.

I'll go first and then it's your turn.

I'm gonna begin with nk, and I'm going to really, really focus on smooth flowing movements.

All right.

I'm going to begin my n at the x-height line.

Here we go.

Here's my n.

And then to join, I'm gonna go from the baseline all the way up to the ascender line and I go form a letter k, and I'll finish with a lead out at the baseline.

Okay, it's your turn for nk.

Ready, ready line, go, at the x-height line.

Let's do it.

Let's make the n.

And to join, we go from a baseline all the way up to the ascender line, form the letter k, finish with a lead out.

Let's do one more.

Ready, line, go, n.

Let's go, join, baseline up to the ascender line, form the letter k and lead out.

Looking really good everyone.

Now I will have a go at lk.

This time, I'm gonna start up at the ascender line because that's where the l starts.

I'm gonna form my letter l, then to join, I'm gonna go from the baseline, back up to the ascender line, form a letter k, finish with a, yep, you got it, a lead out.

It's your turn.

Let's do it.

Get your fingers up.

Hi, ready, at the ascender line, let's go l.

Join, back up to the ascender line, form letter k, finish with a lead out.

Again, again, I hear you cry.

Let's go.

From the top, l, back from the baseline, back up to the ascender line, k and lead out.

Great job, team.

I'm going to show you how to form the second join: nk.

I'm sitting comfortably, the pen's in tripod grip.

And I'm gonna say, ready, line, go, put my pencil at the x-height line.

And I'm gonna start by forming my letter n.

And then I'm gonna join by going from the baseline all the way up to the ascender line.

I'm gonna form my letter k, now finish with a lead out at the baseline.

Let's try that again.

Start at the x-height line.

Ready, line, go, form a letter n.

Here's the join, going from the baseline up to the ascender line.

Form a letter k, finish with a lead out at the baseline.

One more.

Ready, line, go, here's the n.

Here's the join, baseline up to the ascender line, form a letter k, and finish with a lead out at the baseline.

I'm going to show you how to form the second join: lk.

I'm sitting comfortably.

My pen is in the tripod grip.

I'm gonna say to myself, ready, line, go.

I'll put my pen at the ascender line and begin my letter l.

Then to join, I'm gonna go from the baseline back up to the ascender line, and I'm gonna form my letter k and I'll finish with a lead out at the baseline.

Let's try that again.

Start at the ascender line for the l, ready, line, go, l.

Here's the join, baseline, back up to the ascender line.

Gonna form my letter k.

I'm gonna finish with a lead out at the baseline.

Let's try one more.

Ready, line, go, l.

Here's the join, baseline, all the way back up to the ascender line, form my letter k, finish with a lead out at the baseline.

Check for understanding.

Select the correct join.

Which of these nks is joined correctly? Take a very good look at them and then pause the video while you decide which one it is.

Well done if you selected the nk in the middle.

This one has got the join going from the baseline all the way up to the ascender line and the k has a lead out.

Take a look at these lks and select the one which is joined correctly.

Pause the video while you decide.

Well done if you selected the lk above the c.

This one has got the l and the k both starting up at the ascender line, both going up as high as the ascender line and a k has a lead out.

For your task, I'd like you to practise the second join: nk.

First of all, go over the grey examples, then try from the starting dot and after that, complete two lines independently on your tramlines.

Next, I'd like you to practise the second join: lk.

Go over the grey examples, try using the starting dot and then complete two lines confidently, flowingly, independently, enthusiastically on your tramlines.

Pause the video while you have a go at all of this and I'll see you when you're finished.

It's good to be back, and I am wondering about a few things.

May I ask you, did you join from the baseline to the ascender line? Did you keep your pencil on the page for the join? Did you form your letters correctly? Circle you best join and celebrate.

You deserve a celebration after all those fantastic second joins.

In today's lesson, the second join: ck, ch, nk and lk with no lead in, we've covered the following: cursive handwriting involves joining letters together, cursive letter joins refer to how the letters connect together, the first join goes from the baseline to the x-height line, the second join goes from the baseline to the ascender line, you do not lift your pencil when forming the join, and the motion should be smooth and flowing.

Well done, everyone, for joining in with this lesson, joining in with the joins and keeping them smooth and flowing.

I think you did a fantastic job today, and I am already excited about the next lesson, and I'll see you there.

Bye for now.