Hello, everyone, I am Ms. Afzal, and I'm feeling really excited because guess what we're going to do together? We're going to do some handwriting.

I love sharing handwriting.

I love forming new letters together, making patterns.

It's all so much fun.

So what you need to be ready is to have your eyes ready looking, you need your ears ready to listen out for key words, and we're gonna be warming up our hands and our wrists soon, so you'll need those ready, and let's begin.

Let's have a great time.

The outcome for today's lesson is I can correctly form the third join.

We have got a number of key words in today's lesson.

Let's go through them.

My turn, your turn.

Join.

Lead out.

Starting point.

Dips below.

And x-height line.

Let's make sure we look out for those words.

Let's listen for them.

Let's think carefully about them.

Let's be curious and excited about them.

So what's involved in today's lesson? Well, we'll begin with handwriting warmups.

Next, we'll look at the third join, os and rm, and finally, the third join, wi.

Let's begin with those warmups.

Before starting to write, it's important to warm up your hand and your wrist muscles.

Your hands and wrists get stronger when you exercise them.

So warming up your hands before writing will help to improve your handwriting.

We are going to start our handwriting warmups with a really, really fun warmup.

This one is piano playing.

And this is so much fun because we get to exercise our hands and we get to imagine a really fun tune in our head.

So I'm going to go first and then it will be your turn.

I'm getting my fingers in position on top of my imaginary piano, and I am going to start pressing each of these keys on the keyboard by moving my fingers and pressing them down, stretching my fingers, moving along the keyboard, making a lovely tune.

Oh my goodness, this sounds great.

I'm enjoying hearing this in my mind.

Wonderful.

And now, it's your turn.

Get your hands ready.

Get your fingers in position on just above the keys on your piano keyboard.

And let's go, let's start playing our tune.

So you're pressing your fingers down on the imaginary piano keyboard.

You are stretching out your fingers 'cause you need to go to reach some of those notes that are a little bit further away.

Oh, how's your tune sounding? Are you enjoying it? I can hear all of these lovely imaginary tunes.

What a great, great sound.

What a great stretch for our fingers.

Well done, everyone.

Next, we're going to have a go at the clapping position.

So for this, we're going to bring our hands together as if we were clapping, and I'll have it go first and then it will be your turn, and I'm gonna press all of my fingers into each other.

So fingers from this hand are pressing into the fingers from this hand, and my palms, the centre of your hand, the palms are pressing against each other as well.

It's a really, really nice way for us to get our hands and our wrists as well ready for handwriting.

It feels really nice.

It's your turn.

Get your hands ready as if you're going to clap.

You deserve a clap after this.

And let's press them together.

Pressing together each of your fingers, pressing together your thumbs, pressing the palms of your hands together.

Your wrists are getting a nice little stretch here as well.

Doesn't this feel great? Oh, lovely.

And relax, all done.

Practising writing patterns helps us to prepare for writing and joining letters.

Here's some great patterns we can see on the screen.

Let's have a go at making a pattern.

I'm going to have a go at making this handwriting pattern in the air with my finger, and then it will be your turn.

Here I go, up, over, and down, up over and down, up, over, and down.

I'm gonna go back the other way, up, over, and down.

This feels good.

This is looking great.

Okay, well done, me.

And now, it's your 10.

Are you ready? Up, over, and down, up over, and down, up, over, and down.

Let's go back the other way, up, over, and down, up, over, and down, up, over, and down.

Fantastic.

For your task, I'd like you to copy and continue these patterns using your tripod grip.

Remember, don't lift your pencil when forming the pattern.

Focus on keeping the movement smooth and flowing.

Pause the video here while you have a go at this task.

Okay, we're back together, and I'm wondering, how did you get on? Did you use your tripod grip? Did you keep your pencil on the page? Was your movement smooth and flowing? I hope so.

And now it's time to look at the third join, os and rm.

Print and cursive are the most common forms of handwriting.

Print is when each letter is formed separately.

Take a look at his letters in the word cat.

The C, the A, and the T, they are all separate.

They're doing their own thing.

They are not connected.

This is called print handwriting.

Cursive, which is also known as joined-up handwriting, is something quite different.

This involves joining the letters together in a flowing manner.

So we can see that in the word cat there, that all of those letters are joined, each is joined to the next.

And joined is one of our keywords.

To join means to link, to connect.

So joined-up writing is when letters are joined.

They're connected.

They're linked together.

Here are some joins, Cursive handwriting involves joining letters together without lifting your pencil.

How the letters are connected together depends on which letter is joining to which letter.

Cursive letter joins refers to how letters connect together.

Learning letter joins will improve your cursive handwriting skills, allowing for a smooth flow of handwriting.

It's gonna look good, it's going to feel good.

It's really going to feel worth putting in some time and effort to learn our letter joins.

So the first join we learned is shown below.

Take a look at these.

Do you remember how these letters are joined to each other? Here's Aisha with a little reminder.

The first join is from the baseline to the x-height line.

There it is.

There's that join.

Thank you, Aisha.

The second join we learned is shown below.

What do you notice about how these letters are joined? Here Jun, the second join is from the baseline to above the x-height line towards the ascender line.

Thank you, Jun.

There's a helpful reminder.

Check for understanding.

Select the correct first join.

Which of these joins is correct? Pause the video while you decide.

Well done if you selected the join above the C.

This has got the correct first join, going from the baseline to the x-height line.

Okay, let's take a look at some examples of our third join.

Hmm.

Here's the os, here's the rm on our screen.

What do you notice? What do you see? Tell someone nearby and pause the video here.

Okay, did you notice these things? Did you see the lead out coming from the s and the m, both on the baseline? This is one of our keywords, so let's think about this word.

So lead out means it's a special line that comes from the end of a letter and it leads us out of the letter.

And in fact, what it does is it takes us into the next letter when we are doing our cursive joined-up handwriting.

And also we can see that these letters are joined together, and the join, what it does is it dips below the x-height line.

Can you see that between the o and the s? That line is dipping below the x-height line and it's coming back up.

So dips below means that it goes down a little.

It goes a little bit under the x-height line.

And the x-height line, there's another one of our keywords.

The x-height line is the dotted line that we can see on our set of tram lines here.

And all of these letters, o, s, r, and m, are x-height letters.

That means they sit on a baseline and they go up as high as the x-height line.

What do you notice about how these letters are joined? Did you notice that the last letter has a lead out? The first letters have a starting point on the x-height line.

The third join starts at the x-height line and dips below the x-height line and back up to join the next letter.

You don't lift your pencil when forming the join.

The gap between letters is big enough that letters are not touching.

And here's Alex to remind us.

The third join is from the x-height line to the x-height line.

There it is.

Thank you, Alex.

Okay, now it is time for us to form these letters in the air.

I'll go first and then it will be your turn.

I'm gonna begin with os, so I'm gonna put my finger in position at the x-height line.

That's where I start the o, and here I go.

There's my o going anti- clockwise, forming my o, And then to join, I'm gonna keep my pen on lead out, dip below the x-height line, come back up, and then form my letter s.

I've left enough room, but not too much for the s, and I'll finish with a lead out at the baseline.

Okay, are you ready for your turn? Let's have a go at os.

Ready, line, go.

We'll start at the x-height line, go anti-clockwise, and form the letter o.

And then to join, we are going to keep going with our lead out, dip below the x-height line, back up, leave enough room, but not too much for the s.

Let's form our s, finish with the lead out at the baseline.

Oh, fantastic.

Let's do one more.

Ready? Here's our o.

Here comes our join, dip below and back up.

Form our s and finish with the lead out at the baseline.

Oh yes.

I like those os-es.

All right, let's have a go at rm.

I'll have a go first.

Here I am at the x-height line, and I'm going form my letter r.

To join, I'll keep going with my lead out, dip below the x-height line, come back up.

And then I'm going to form my letter M, finish with a lead out at the baseline.

It's your turn for rn.

Start at the x-height line.

This is our starting point.

Let's go down to the baseline, form letter r, and then to join, dip below the x-height line, back up.

Now we'll form a letter m and we'll finish with a lead out.

One more, r, here's the join, dip below and back up, form the m, and lead out.

Looking great.

I'm going to show you how to form the third join os.

I'm sitting comfortably.

The pen is in the tripod grip.

I'll say ready, line, go and begin by forming my letter o, and then to join, I'll go just below the x-height line and back up, leaving enough room but not too much for my letter s, and finish with a lead out at the baseline.

Let's try that again.

O going anti-clockwise, and then to join, I go dip below the x-height line and back up for my letter s, finish with a lead out at the baseline.

One more.

Here's the o.

There's the join, there's my letter s, and the lead out.

I'm going to show you how to form the third join rm.

I'm sitting comfortably.

My pen is in the tripod grip.

I'll say ready, line, go and begin at the x-height line to form my letter r, then to join, I'll dip below the x-height line and then back up.

And then I'm gonna form a letter m.

I've left enough room between the letters, but not too much.

Finish with a lead out at the baseline.

Let's try that again.

Here's my r.

to join, I dip below the x-height line and back up, form my letter m, and finish with a lead out at the baseline.

I'll try one more.

Here's the r.

There's the join.

There's my letter M.

And there's the lead out.

Check for understanding.

Select the correct join.

Which of these three os-es is joined correctly? Pause the video while you decide.

Well done of you selected the first os.

Indeed, this has got the join going from the x-height line, dipping below the x-height line, coming back up, and the s as a lead out at the baseline.

Select the correct join between the r and the m.

Which of these three is it? Pause the video while you decide.

Well done if you selected the rm in the middle.

this has got the join going correctly, dipping below the x-height line, coming back up again, and the M has a lead out at the baseline.

For your task, I would like you to practise the third join os.

First of all, go over the grey examples.

Next, try using the starting dot.

And finally, complete two lines independently on your tram lines.

After that, I'd like you to practise the third join rm.

Go over the grey examples, try using the starting dot, and finally, complete two lines independently, enthusiastically with great focus on your tram lines.

And I'll see you when you're finished.

Pause the video here.

It's good to see you again.

So how did you get on? Hmm.

I'm wondering, did you start on the x-height line? Did you join from the x-height line to the x-height line? Did you dip below the x-height line when joining? I really, really hope so, and I hope you had a great time.

Circle your best join and celebrate.

And now, it's time for us to look at the third join, wi.

Here it comes.

Let's look closely at this example here of our third, join wi.

What do you notice? What do you see? Tell someone nearby.

Pause the video here.

Okay, did you notice the lead out from the i, lead out at the baseline? Did you notice that these two letters are joined together and that the join dips below the x-height line? So what do you notice about how these letters are joined? Letter w has a starting point on the x-height line.

Okay, so here's another one of our keywords, starting point.

So starting point means where do you begin forming this letter, so the exact place where you begin.

And for this letter w, it's on the x-height line.

The join starts at the x-height line and dips below the x-height line and back up to join the next letter.

The letter i has a lead out at the baseline.

The gap between letters is big enough that letters are not touching.

The dot for the i is added when the letter string is complete.

Here's Alex.

What are you saying, Alex? The third join is from the x-height line to the x-height line.

Great reminder.

Thank you, Alex.

Okay, it's time to have fun.

It's time to form the join wi in the air.

I'm gonna go first and then it will be your turn.

All right, here I am.

I'm beginning.

My starting point is at the x-height line.

I'm gonna form my w, and then to join, I'm gonna keep going for my lead out, and I'm gonna dip below the x-height line and come back up, then I'll form my letter i.

Lead out and then I take my pencil off to dot the i.

Mm, that felt good.

All right, it's your turn.

Are you ready? Starting point is the x-height line.

Let's go.

W, and then to join, we'll go from our lead out, dip below the x-height line, back up, form the letter i, nice lead out at the baseline, pencil off, dot the i.

Oh yes, let's do one more.

Ready, line, go.

W, and here's our join, dip below the x-height line and back up, form the Ii, lead out, pencil off, dot the i, oh yes.

We are all over this one.

I'm going to show you how to form the third join wi.

I'm sitting comfortably.

My pen is in the tripod grip.

Start at the x-height line and form my letter w.

Then to join, I'm gonna dip below the x-height line, come back up, form my letter i, lead out, and dot the i.

Let's try that again.

Here's my letter w.

Here's my join dipping below the x-height line and back up, for, my letter i, lead out, dot the i.

One more, W.

There's the join into the i, lead out, dot the i.

Check for understanding.

Select the correct join.

Which of these wis has been formed correctly? Pause the video while you decide.

Well done if you selected the wi in the middle.

This one has got the join going correctly from the x-height line, it's dipping below the x-height line and coming back up, and the i has a lead out at the baseline.

For your task, I'd like you to practise the third join wi.

First of all, go over the grey examples.

Next, try using the starting dot.

And finally, complete two lines independently with great care, with great focus on your tram lines.

Pause the video here and I'll see you when you're finished.

It's good to be back with you again.

How did you get on with those wis? Did you use the correct starting point at the x-height line? Did you join from the x-height line to the x-height line? Did you dip below the x-height line when joining? It's all about the x-height line.

Circle your best join and celebrate.

You deserve a celebration.

In our lesson, the third join os, rm, and wi, with no lead in, we have covered the following: cursive letter joins refer to how the letters connect together; the first letters all have a starting point on the x-height line; the third join starts at the x-height line and dips below the x-height line and back up to join the next letter; you do not lift your pencil when forming the join; when using the third join, you leave enough space to ensure the letters are not touching without leaving a big gap; the dot for the letter i is added once the letter string is complete.

All of these letters are x-height letters.

All of you have done a really terrific job today in this lesson, so well done for joining in, for your focus, for your enthusiasm, and for your care, and I look forward to seeing you at the next lesson.

Bye for now.