Lesson video

Hi, there.

And welcome to today's spelling lesson.

I'm Mr. Moss.

I love spellings and I'm really looking forward to teaching you.

With you today, you need to bring your looking eyes, your listening ears, and your thinking brains.

As well as that something to write with and write on would be great.

And having someone to talk to you or something to talk to you would also be brilliant.

Let's get into today's lesson then.

In today's lesson, we're going to be spelling words with the suffixes, ER and EST.

We're going to be looking at some alternative rules when we add these suffixes.

The outcome will be, I can change the meaning of a word by adding the suffixes ER and EST.

So here are the key words for today's learning.

My turn, your turn and make sure I can hear you saying them.

Suffix, root word, adjective, vowel, consonant.

Brilliant, keep an eye on an ear out for these words today as they're really key to the learning.

So let's have a chat about these words then.

A suffix is a letter or group of letters added to the end of a word to change its meaning.

A root word is the base word from which other words are formed often by adding prefixes or suffixes.

Remember today we're adding the suffixes ER and EST.

An adjective describes a noun, it tells you what it's like.

A vowel is a speech sound produced by an open mouth.

A-E-I-O-U are long vowel sounds.

A, e, i, o, and u are short vowel sounds.

And a consonant is a sound that is made by blocking air in the mouth with the teeth, tongue, lips, or palettes.

The letters, T, P, L, M, N, are all examples of consonants.

So here's the outline for today's learning.

Just two learning cycles.

We are going to look at some more rules for adding that ER and EST suffix.

And then we're gonna practise and apply the spellings.

So let's have a look at some rules.

Remember that a suffix is a letter or group of letters added to the end of a word that creates another word.

Here I have the root word, happy.

I add my LY suffix, and it creates the word happily.

Notice here how my root word is actually changed.

Sometimes when we add suffixes, the root word will change.

Sometimes it won't.

Here I have match.

I want to create a plural.

I add my ES suffix, it becomes matches.

Notice that my root word has stayed the same in this instance.

Here we have hope as my root word and the suffix full.

It becomes hopeful, meaningful of hope.

These are just three examples of suffixes, and there are many more.

Remember today that we are looking at the ER and the EST, S suffixes.

So there are loads of different types of suffix and dependent on the suffix and the root word.

There are some rules around how that root word will change when the suffix is added.

Sometimes it will, sometimes it won't.

So, let's have a read of some words.

My turn, your turn.

Colder, stronger, later.

Happier, bravest, fastest, oldest, hottest.

So you may notice that all of these words have either the ER or the EST suffix.

Adding the er, the EST suffix creates an extra syllable.

Cold becomes colder, late becomes later.

Happy becomes happier.

There's three syllables there.

Hot becomes hottest with two syllables.

So cold has one syllable, cold.

I find it helps to cut the syllables out.

Coldest has two syllables.

So let's look at these words again and look at them a little bit more closely.

Many of the words ending in ER or EST are adjectives.

Remember, adjectives are words that describe nouns.

In fact, they're comparative and superlative adjectives.

Adjectives ending in ER and EST help us to compare different things.

"She was happier than her sister." This is helping us to compare the nouns she and sister.

"Today is the hottest day of the year." This shows that that day is the hottest.

It's the superlative, the most hot day.

It's describing that noun.

Adding the suffix ER creates a comparative adjective used for comparing two things.

Adding the suffix, EST creates a superlative adjective that shows the most of something.

So hottest, shows us that it's the most hot.

So have a look here for me.

Got a little close here.

I need you to help me complete this sentence.

There are a number of words underneath, but only four spaces.

The words underneath are suffix, prefix, end, start compare, plural.

ER, EST.

I'll read you the sentence with the blanks.

And then you are gonna fill those blanks in using the words below.

ER and EST are a type of mm that are added to the mm of a word.

They help us to mm things.

The suffix mm usually indicates the most of something.

Pause the video.

Complete that sentence.

Now, off you go.

Fantastic job team.

Let's see how you've done them.

ER and EST are types of suffix.

Remember, 'cause they're coming at the end of a word.

They help us to compare things.

The suffix, EST usually indicates the most of something.

And we call that our superlative.

Why don't you have a read of this sentence again? See if you managed to get the right words in the right place.

Pause the video.

Brilliant.

So far, we've generated two rules when adding our ER and EST suffix.

And you may know of two rules.

The first is, most of the time we just have to add ER or EST.

The root word won't change.

And other times, if the root word ends in an E, we (sputters) get rid of that E and add ER or EST, because we don't want to have two E's.

So let's look at this in action.

New, great and neat all just requires to add ER and EST.

Newer, newest, greater, greatest, neater, neatest.

And then late, nice, and wide all end in E.

Get rid of that E and add ER and EST.

Late, later, latest is my superlative.

Nice, nicer is my comparative.

Nicest as my superlative.

Wide, wider, widest.

Brilliant.

So look at what happens this time though when I add my ER suffix to these words.

Busy, I wanna make the word busier.

Here's busier.

Oh, something's happened there to my root word, it's changed.

Angry, it's becoming angrier.

Oh, look, my root word's changed again.

Icy has become icier.

What's happening here? What's happening each time? What do you notice is happening to my root word before I add my er comparative.

Suffix create that comparative adjective.

Pause the video and have a think now.

Great.

Absolutely.

The Y, (sputters) we've gotten rid of it and we've added IER.

So we are changing our root word here before we add our ER suffix.

We remove the Y and we add IER or IEST.

So when the root word ends in a Y, the Y is replaced with an I before we add the ER or that EST suffix.

So, the same rule applies when we are adding that EST suffix as well.

Tasty becomes tastiest.

Notice my Y is gone, replaced by an I, and then my EST healthy becomes healthiest.

Oh, another syllables been added there too.

And early becomes earliest, my Y is gone and I've added my EST.

These are all superlatives.

They're the most of that thing.

So the letter Y in these words usually makes that E sound tasty, healthy, early.

And we replace that with an I and add EST.

So in these examples, we remove the Y and we add IER or EST.

Remember that rule.

What will the spelling of these words be when our ER or EST suffix is added? And look, we got a little hint there.

Think about removing the wine, adding IER or IEST.

The words are angry, healthy, and busy.

And I want you to have a go at spelling angriest, healthiest, and busiest.

Pause the video and spell those words now.

Great job, team.

So think about it, they all end in a Y.

Oh, there was another one as well.

Early, earliest.

We'll look at that one together now.

So remember to look at the root word.

They all end in that Y, don't they? So angry is gonna become angrier.

Remove the Y, add IER.

Healthy becomes healthier.

Remove the Y, add IER.

Busy becomes our superlative, busiest.

Removing that Y, IEST.

Early again, becoming earliest.

(sputters) Remove the Y, add IEST.

So remember that rule.

Remove the Y, add IER or IEST to create a comparative and superlative adjectives.

So now, look what happens when the ER is added to these words.

New rule alert.

Wet becomes wetter.

Hmm, something interesting is happening here.

I'm adding a letter.

I'm not taking one away.

Thin becomes thinner.

Hmm, flat becomes flatter.

What do you notice here? This time I don't think I'm taking any letters away and adding any, I'm just adding something for my ER.

Pause the video and have a think.

Great.

Absolutely.

We can see here that we are doubling our consonant here at the end of each of these.

Remember those consonants, those sounds that are made by the blocking of the air in the mouth, T, N, and T are our ending consonants here.

And importantly as well, those consonants are coming before a certain sound.

They're coming before short vowel sounds.

Can you say that for me? Short vowel.

Brilliant.

Our short vowel sounds are a, e, i, o, u.

Let's look at this wet, eh, eh, short vowel, followed by a consonant T.

So we double that consonant and add ER.

Thin er, er, followed by a consonant N.

We double the N, add ER.

Flat, er, er.

We double our consonant T and add ER.

So, our rule here is, okay? And this is actually very similar to lots of other suffixes, I'm sure you would've looked at.

Our rule here is you double the consonant after a short vowel, a, e, i, o, u.

And then, add your ER and your EST.

So look at these root words that contain short vowels before the final single consonant.

The same rule applies when adding our EST suffix as well.

Hot becomes hottest.

Notice how the T has doubled 'cause it's that o, o, short vowel.

Red becomes reddest, the most red.

E, e, short E.

And sad becomes saddest, short A, a, a.

Ah, so watch out for short vowels when you add a suffix, as you often need to double the consonant.

So remember, we double the consonant after a short vowel and then add ER and EST.

So what will the spelling of these words be when the suffix ER or EST is added? And we've got our little person here giving us our reminder, doubling the consonant after a short vowel before adding our ER EST.

Here are our examples.

Hot, thin, flat, red.

How am I gonna spell hottest, thinnest, flattest reddest? What rules are they gonna follow? Tell someone around you.

Have we good spelling them? Pause the video.

Amazing.

So remember to look at the root word.

Do you hear a short vowel here? Hot, er, er.

Thin, e, e.

Flat, ah, ah.

Red, eh, e.

All short vowels.

So we have to double that final consonant before adding ER or EST.

So which rule is being used here? I've got some pairs of words.

Root word, and then the word, newer that's been created by adding our suffix.

I've got happy and happier, big and biggest, flat and flattest.

How am I going? Or sorry, which rule has been used? Have I doubled a consonant for a short vowel and added my suffix? Or have I had to remove a Y and then add IER or IST.

Pause the video.

Match the pairs of words to which rule has been used now.

Off your go.

Brilliant.

So happy and happier.

Happy ending in a Y.

So I have to remove the Y and add IER to get to happier.

Big and biggest.

Er, er, Short vowel sound.

Double that consonant, add EST.

And flat, er, er, oh.

Double that T 'cause of the short vowel a, a, and then, add my ER.

So remember, we don't always add ER or EST to compare.

For example, good doesn't become gooder or goodest.

There are some exceptions to this.

It would become good, better, best.

We have generated two new rules so far today, where we remove the Y and add IER or IST, and we double the consonant after a short vowel before adding EER or EST.

Here is that in action.

Noisy, happy, and messy, all end in a Y that we add IER or IEST.

Fit, big, and fat all contain short vowels before a single consonant.

We double that consonant before adding ER or EST.

So root words ending in Y, often making that E sound noisy, happy, messy.

We need to remove the Y and add IER, IST.

And fit big and fat, they all have, okay, the root words with one syllable with a short vowel sound.

So we have to double the consonant.

So for our practise task right now, what I'd like to do for me is put the root words into the correct column and show you what will happen when we add our ER and our EST suffixes for each one.

Making that comparative in the superlative adjectives for each.

Our words are thin, messy, angry, flat, red, tasty.

Look carefully at those root words.

Are you gonna remove the Y and add IER and IEST? Or are you gonna double the consonant? 'Cause, there's a short vowel before adding ER or EST.

Pause the video, put 'em in the correct columns and write our comparative and superlative adjectives now.

Go.

Brilliant job, team.

Let's see how you've done them.

Hopefully you've managed to shorten 'em like this, messy, angry, and tasty all ended in a Y, making that E sound.

So we had to remove the Y and add IER and IST.

Thin, flat, and red all had a short vowel and single syllable words until we have to double the consonant before adding ER and EST.

How did you do? Pause the video and check now and make any corrections.

Onto our final learning cycle then, we're gonna practise and apply some spellings that use the rules that we've generated so far today.

So, let's have a read of some following words.

My turn.

Your turn.

Popular.

Popular.

Someone who's popular is well liked by people.

Unpopular.

Unpopular.

We just added the prefix un before the word popular here.

This means not popular, so not liked.

What do you notice about these spellings? What do you notice about that word popular? Popular.

Have a think.

Brilliant.

So for me, the word popular has three syllables.

And breaking up can really help us to spell this word: popular.

The letters R at the end sound a bit like an er though, don't they? Popular.

So be careful with that.

It's an ar spelling for an er sound.

Interestingly here, we've just added the prefix un before.

If you know the spelling to popular and you break it down with those three syllables popular, we then know the spelling to unpopular.

'Cause, the spelling of that root word won't change.

We're just adding the prefix un meaning not.

So the word unpopular has the prefix un, the spelling does not change for the root word when we add the prefix.

So which is the correct spelling here of the word popular? Pause the video and point to it now.

Brilliant.

Remember, it has those three syllables: popular.

I don't think it has a double P.

And remember, it's that AR spelling for that er sound at the end.

So correct one is this one here.

And if you know how to spell that, you know how to spell unpopular.

So with that in mind, how do I spell unpopular now? Where we just added that prefix un.

Pause the video and point to it.

Brilliant.

It's just the same spelling as popular, isn't it? We just read the prefix un.

So here, this one here.

And remember, it's that AR spelling for that sound unpopular.

So we are gonna have a go at practising using the two rules that we've generated so far as lesson for adding are ER and EST suffixes.

Remember, the two rules are remove the Y and add IER and EST.

And it's a short vowel.

Double the consonant before adding ER and EST.

Here, is it in action? Healthy, busy, early, all end in that Y, making that E sound.

So we remove the Y and add IER, and IEST.

And here, hot, sad, and wet.

One syllable words is the root word with a short vowel, o, a, e.

And so we have to double the consonant and add ER and EST.

Take a snapshot of these rules now because they're gonna help us when we apply the spellings now.

(sputters) Brilliant.

So choose the correct spellings when the suffix er is added, the root word is ice.

So I want the word icier.

Pause it now.

(sputters) Point to the correct spelling.

Great team.

So the root word is icy, ICY.

Ooh, ends in a Y.

What do I have to do when our root word ends in a Y? (sputters) Get rid of the Y.

Add I before adding my ER to create my comparative adjective, icier.

Brilliant.

Remove the Y and add IER or EST.

Here's my next root word.

I want to add the suffix EST to create a superlative adjective this time.

The word wettest, which is the correct spelling.

Look at that root word carefully.

Point to it now.

Brilliant, team.

Wet er, er.

Single syllable, short vowel er, er.

Wettest.

I have to double the consonant before adding EST.

Remember, double the consonant after the short vowel then add ER or EST.

So I've got three sentences here.

I'm gonna read 'em to you.

And I want you to think carefully about which spelling is correct to complete the sentence.

"Salad is the healthiest option on the menu." "Nothing makes me happier than chocolate." This is so true.

I do love chocolate.

"My cheeks are redder than yours." So, have a look at the spellings.

Healthiest, happier.

Happier and redder.

Which is correct? Think about the rules we've looked at.

Off you go.

Pause the video.

Brilliant.

So salad is the healthiest.

Now, my root word there is healthy ending in a Y, making that E sound.

What do we do when we have a Y? (sputters) Get rid of the Y.

Add I before either ER or EST.

Healthiest has an I in it.

Nothing makes me happier.

Happy.

Ooh, ending in a Y there as well making that E sound.

I need to remove the Y and add an I before adding my ER suffix happier.

And finally, my cheats are redder.

Red, red, er, er short vowel red.

Single syllable.

I need to double that consonant.

Double my D before adding my ER to make my comparative adjective.

Great job, everyone.

So I'm gonna give us four words now that are ER or EST.

And I want you to think about the rules that we've learned about today, and then have a go at spelling them.

So the first word is busier.

This shop is busier than that one.

It's comparing those two things busier.

The next one is hotter.

Again, another comparative adjective.

Hotter, busier, hotter, earliest.

That is the earliest train we can get.

It's the most earliest, our superlative.

And finally, saddest.

That is the saddest thing that has ever happened to me.

So, let's think about these four words one more time.

Busier, hotter, earliest, saddest.

Pause the video, have a go at spelling them now.

Remember our rules.

Off you go.

Fantastic work, team.

Great application of the rules we generated for adding ER and EST today.

Really great, saying the words out loud and checking as well to make sure you think you'd spelled them correctly.

So the first one was busier.

Now sim busier, which in these two ways, my root word is busy, which is kind of spelled bussy, isn't it? B-U-S-Y.

Oh, end in a Y.

What's our rule? (sputters) Get rid of the Y add I before adding either ER, EST.

Busier.

My correct spelling is this one.

The next one was hotter.

O, o, short vowel sound.

In a single syllable word, hot, double that consonant before adding ER.

And then earliest.

Now, early.

My root word there early has that strange EA at the beginning.

E-A-R-L-Y.

It is that Y making that e sound.

Remember, remove the Y before adding EST.

Earliest our superlative.

And finally, saddest.

Ah, so sad.

The most, the most sad it's our superlative.

Short vow, a, a, sad, single syllable.

I need to double the D before adding EST.

Remember, it's not IST.

It sounds saddest.

It sounds like it when I say it, but it's that EST spelling.

Great job, everyone.

Now, did you make any imaginable mistakes? What successes have you had? Do you need to make any corrections? Share your learning and make any corrections now.

Pause the video.

Well done today, team.

Great spelling.

We've been looking today at spelling words with the suffix's, ER and EST using some alternative rules.

A suffix member is a letter or group of letters that we add to the end of a word, which creates a new word.

Adding EST or ER creates adjectives that compare things.

We have both comparative and superlative adjectives.

When we add ER or EST as a suffix, there are four key rules that we've generated.

You can just add ER, or EST, to certain words.

If the word ends in an E, we have to remove the E before adding ER and EST.

And today, we've looked at if the word ends in a Y, we remove the Y before adding an IER or IEST.

And if it's a single syllable word, remember that has that short vowel sound, a, e, i, o, u.

We double the consonant at the end before adding ER or EST.

Keep up the great spelling.

Keep up the great practise.

And I'll see you again soon.