Lesson video

Hi there, and welcome to today's spelling lesson.

I'm Mr. Moss.

I love spellings, and I'm really looking forward to teaching you.

With you today, you need to bring your looking eyes, your listening ears, and your thinking brains.

As well as that something to write with and write on would be great.

And having someone to talk to you or something to talk to you would also be brilliant.

Let's get into today's lesson then.

In today's lesson, we're gonna be spelling words with the suffixes E-R and E-S-T.

The outcome will be, I can change the meaning of a word by adding the suffixes E-R and E-S-T.

Here are the key words for today's learning.

My turn, your turn.

Suffix, root word, adjective.

Brilliant.

A suffix is a letter or group of letters added to the end of a word to change its meaning.

The root word is the base word from which other words are formed, often by adding prefixes or suffixes.

And today we're adding suffixes.

So letters at the end of the word.

And finally, an adjective describes a noun.

It tells you what it's like.

So today we are gonna be taking root words and adding either the E-R or the E-S-T suffix to the end of them to create adjectives.

Here is the outline for today.

We're spelling the words with suffixes E-R and E-S-T.

We are going to look at some rules for adding the E-R and E-S-T suffix, and then we're going to practise and apply the spellings.

Let's get on with looking at some of those rules then.

Remember that a suffix is a letter or group of letters added to the end of a word to change its meaning create a new word.

Here's a suffix in action.

The root word is quick.

I add the L-Y suffix, and it becomes quickly a new word.

And in this instance, we've changed its word class as well.

It's gone from being an adjective to being an adverb.

It's a bit like a jigsaw.

Here we have sing, and then we add onto that the I-N-G suffix to create a new word singing.

Here we have cheer as the root word and our suffix ful.

We add it and we create a new word, cheerful, meaning to be full of cheer.

These are just three examples of suffixes, L-Y, F-U-L and I-N-G.

Interestingly, you might notice that none of these suffixes change the spelling of that root word.

This won't always be the case.

There are lots of different types of suffix.

There are different rules for how the root word changes when we add certain suffixes.

And we're gonna generate some of those rules now for when we add our E-R and our E-S-T suffixes.

So let's have a read of these words.

My turn, your turn.

Make sure you're saying it back to me and need to hear you.

Teacher, jumper, fresher, happier, bravest, fastest, oldest, hottest.

What do you notice about all of these words? What suffixes can we hear them ending in? Pause the video and have a think.

Good job.

So they all end in either the suffix, E-R and E-S-T.

Adding the suffix E-R or E-S-T creates an extra syllable.

So we have the root word teach, and I add er suffix.

It becomes teacher, and we have the root word fast or fast.

And I add my E-S-T suffix, and it becomes fastest or fastest.

So it adds an extra syllable to each of the words.

Hot has one syllable, hot.

Hottest has two syllables.

Some of the words are nouns, but most of these words are adjectives.

And adjectives describe nouns.

So let's have a look at these words in a bit more detail then, and how the suffix has been added to them.

Adjectives describe nouns.

These adjectives help us to compare things.

His cake was tasty.

Tasty there is my adjective being used to describe the cake.

Sofia's cake is tastier than Aisha's.

Here we've added E-R as a suffix to the end of tasty to create the comparative adjective tastier.

My cake is the tastiest.

This then is our superlative.

It's the most tasty of all those cakes and is our superlative adjective.

Adding the suffix E-R creates a comparative adjective used for comparing two things.

The suffix E-S-T creates a superlative adjective that shows the most of something.

Sofia's cake is tasty than Aisha's.

That's comparing Sofia and Aisha's cake.

So it's a comparative adjective.

My cake is the tastiest.

That's the most tasty.

There's no cake that's tastier.

That is a superlative adjective.

So adding the suffix E-R or E-S-T does what? Does it A, change the tense for word? B, add another syllable.

C, help us to compare things, or D, create plurals.

There's two things that it does.

Pause the video and select them now.

Great.

Let's see how you've done them.

Does it change the tense of a word? I'm not sure if it does.

It definitely adds another syllable, doesn't it? Teach becomes teacher.

Tasty becomes tastier.

It does help us to compare things as well.

We know our E-R and our E-S-T are comparative and superlative adjectives.

And does it help to create plurals? No.

We add the suffix, S or ES to create plurals.

So the suffix is E-R and E-S-T help us to compare things.

The root word is tall.

If I add E-R, my comparative, to create a comparative adjective, I get taller.

Notice how my root word hasn't changed its spelling.

And if I add eE-S-T to my root word talll, I get tallest.

My superlative adjective, again, notice how the spelling of my root word hasn't changed here.

Tall, taller, tallest.

Adjectives containing the suffix E-S-T are called superlative adjectives because they show the most of something.

So if we describe something as being the tallest, there is nothing taller than it.

It is the most tall.

Often we can just add the suffix E-R or E-S-T to the root word without it changing.

Let's look at this in action.

Here I have the root word, quiet.

I want to create a comparative adjective quieter.

I just have to add my E-R suffix.

Here I have my root word tall.

I want to create the comparative adjective taller.

I just add my E-R suffix.

Here I have the adjective slow.

I want to create a comparative, a superlative adjective slowest.

I just add E-S-T.

Here I have my adjective fast or fast.

I want to create fastest, or fastest is my superlative adjective.

I just have to add E-S-T.

So watch out though.

The suffix E-S-T can sometimes sound like an I-S-T, slowest, fastest.

It sounds like ist, but it's the E-S-T spelling.

What will happen to these words when we add our E-R suffix? We have our adjectives tall, fresh, quiet.

I want to create the comparative adjectives taller, fresher, quieter.

Do you think these root words are going to change? How do you think I'm going to spell those comparative adjectives.

Pause the video and have a think now.

Great.

Absolutely.

We just add our E-R here.

Taller, fresher, quieter.

The spelling of the root word here can help us to spell the new adjective.

In this instance, our rule is just add E-R.

What will happen to the spellings of these words when we add our E-S-T suffix to create our superlative adjectives? We have fast or fast, slow and old.

I want to create fastest or fastest, slowest and oldest.

How am I going to do that? Do the root words need to change? Pause the video and have a think now how are you going to spell those two superlative adjectives.

Great.

Absolutely looking at spelling of our root word here is going to help us to spell our new adjective and our superlative adjectives.

In these instances don't change the root word.

We just add E-S-T.

So our rule here is just adding E-S-T.

Now look at what happens to the root word here that ends in E when we add our E-R or E-S-T suffix.

Nice.

Which ends in an E becomes nicer, brave becomes braver wise becomes wisest and large becomes largest.

What do you notice is happening here? Is a letter being removed from our root words before we add our suffix? Pause the video, and have a think now.

Great.

Absolutely.

When the root word ends in an E, we have to remove that E before we add our E-R or E-S-T suffixes to create our comparative and superlative adjectives.

So our rule here is rather than just adding E-R or E-S-T, we have to remove the E if the root well ends in an E, and then add E-R or E-S-T.

So have a look at these words.

What's going to change about them when I add my E-R and my E-S-T suffix to create my comparative and superlative adjectives? We have nice, brave, and large.

I want to create the words nicer, bravest, and larger.

How do you think I'm going to spell them? Look carefully at the spelling of the root word.

Pause the video and have a think now.

Great.

Absolutely, if I look carefully at spelling of my root word here, it's gonna inform me as to how to spell my new adjective.

Nice, brave, and large.

All end in E.

So I need to remove those Es before adding my E-R or E-S-T suffixes.

Remember our rule here? If the root word ends in an E, remove the E and then add your E-R or E-S-T suffixes to create your comparative and superlative adjectives.

So let's practise adding the suffixes E-R and E-S-T to each of these root words.

We have here cold and nice, old and safe.

Quiet and large.

So cold is going to become colder.

I just add E-R.

It then becomes coldest if I add E-S-T.

Old is going to become older.

And then my superlative oldest, quiet becomes quietest, sorry, quieter is my comparative, and then my superlative quietest.

Now, each of those words ended in our est , didn't they? And so we added our E-R or our E-S-T to add another syllable.

Cold becomes colder, coldest, old becomes older, oldest.

If we look at the final column, each of these root words ends in an E.

So I need to remove the E and then add E-R.

Remove the E and add E-S-T.

Nice becomes nicer, nicest.

Still adding a syllable.

Safe becomes safer, safest and large becomes larger, largest.

So remember, our rules here.

Commonly, we just have to add E-R or E-S-T.

But if our root word ends in an E, we remove the E and then add E-R or E-S-T.

So for your practise task right now, I'd like you to have a look carefully at these root words below, and I want you to put them into the correct column and have a go at writing both the comparative and superlative adjectives using the suffixes, E-R and E-S-T.

Are you just going to have to add E-R, E-S-T? Or do you need to remove an E before adding E-R and E-S-T? Pause the video, sort these words, and write the new comparative and superlative adjectives now.

Off you go.

Great job team.

Let's see how you've done them.

So we had the words, tall, wise, slow, safe, brave and fast or fast.

I'm hoping you've managed to sort them like this.

Tall, slow, and fast or fast.

We don't need to change that root word at all.

We just add E-R and E-S-T, taller, tallest, slower, slowest, faster, fastest.

But why safe and brave are root words there all end in that E.

So we remove that E and add E-R or E-S-T.

Otherwise, we'd have too many Es.

So wise becomes wiser and wisest.

Safe becomes safer and safest.

Brave becomes braver and bravest.

Remember, our E-R adjectives are our comparative adjectives used to compare two things and our E-S-T adjectives there are our superlatives.

They're the most of that thing.

Onto our final learning cycle.

Then we're going to practise and apply some spellings.

Let's start off by reading the following word.

My turn your turn.

Minutes.

Minutes.

There are 60 minutes in an hour.

Minutes.

Look at this word for me.

What's strange about the way this is spelt compared to how it sounds? Pause the video and have a think now.

Great.

The letters U-T-E here make an it sound, don't they? It's quite strange.

It's a bit of a common exception, isn't it? We wouldn't expect, see, U-T-E making that it sound there would be, this is a curriculum word, so it's gonna appear a lot in our reading writing.

So it's really useful for us to know how to spell it.

So remember that U-T-E at the end is making an it sound minute.

Take a snapshot of that word right now.

Stick it into your memory.

Minutes.

M-I-N-U-T-E, minutes.

With that in mind, how do I spell the word minute as in 60 minutes in an hour, 60 seconds in a minute? Point to the correct spelling of minute now, great.

Min it.

It's that U-T-E spelling.

The others definitely make phonetic sense.

But remember, it's that strange U-T-E spelling for that it sound at the end, M-I-N-U-T-E, minutes.

So we have looked at two rules today when adding our an E-S-T suffixes to create our comparative and superlative adjectives.

Often we just have to add E-R or E-S-T.

But if our root word ends in an E, we have to remove that E and add E-R or E-S-T.

Let's look at this in action, small, light and quick just to add E-R, E-S-T, safe, close, and ripe end in an E, remove the E before adding your E-R or your E-S-T.

The root word stays the same in these words, and the root word ends in an E.

So we have to remove that E before adding our suffix with these words.

Bear these rules in mind before we have a look at applying them now.

So the root word is fresh, which is the correct spelling here of the comparative adjective fresher.

Pause the video and point to it now.

Great.

Fresher.

The root word is fresh.

I think I just need to add my E-R there.

And I know it's that E-R spelling of that er sound, isn't it? 'Cause that's what we're concentrating on today E-R and E-S-T.

So this one's my correct spelling here.

My root word doesn't need to change.

We just add E-R here.

Here.

My root rate is large.

I want to create the superlative, the most large, largest.

Pause the video point to the correct spelling now.

Great.

So large ends in an E, what's our rule? We remove the E and then add E-S-T.

This is our correct spelling here.

Largest are superlative adjective.

Remove the E, then add E-R or E-S-T as our rule there.

So I've got three sentences here.

I'm gonna read them to you, and I want you to choose the correct spelling.

Give consideration to the spelling of the root word, and it's gonna help inform you as to how to spell our new adjective.

Sofia's hair is lighter than Laura's hair.

Eat the ripest peach in the bowl first.

So the ripe is the most ready to be eaten.

It would be the nicest tasting.

Your feet are smaller than mine.

So we have two comparatives and one two superlative here.

Could you please pause the video and select the correct spelling to compete each sentence.

Now, off you go.

Good job team.

So let's look.

Sofia's hair is lighter.

Now we are adding E-R or E-S-T today, not U-R.

And my root word's not going to change here.

Lighter is my comparative adjective.

Eat the ripest peach in the bowl first.

E-S-T.

I'm adding here, so it should be ripest.

And interestingly, the word ripe has that I split E split D graph ending in an E.

Remove the E and add E-S-T.

Ripest.

And your feet are smaller than mine.

Small.

S-M-A-L-L.

We just need to add E-R.

Our root word's not going to change.

It ends in the double L.

And we add our E-R to create our comparative adjective.

If for our practise starts now, we're going to have a go at writing some comparative and superlative adjectives that you use either our E-R or our E-S-T suffix.

I'm gonna say the words to you first, and you are gonna have a go at writing them.

The words are colder, nicer, quickest, closest.

So two comparatives, two superlatives.

I'll say those one more time.

Colder, nicer, quickest, closest.

Pause the video and have a go at writing those words now.

Off you go.

Brilliant job team.

So I can see we thought really carefully there about how we're adding that suffix, E-R or E-S-T, and whether our root word ends in an E as well.

So let's go through these words then.

Colder.

Now we know it's our E-R suffix for that comparative, don't we? And our root word's not going to change.

So it's colder.

And this is our correct spelling.

The next one is nicer.

Now my root word nice.

What does that ending? It ends in an I, as for E, isn't it? So I need to remove the E and then add E-R.

So nicer.

He is nicer than me as a comparative adjective.

The next one was the superlative, quickest.

Now think about this.

It might sound like I-S-T, ist, but we know it's our E-S-T suffix we've been looking at today.

Our root word is quick.

It's not going to change.

We're just gonna add EST.

And our last one was closest.

That root word closest is C-L-O-S-E.

Isn't it? Close.

I need to remove the E and then add E-S-T.

So my correct spelling there is closest.

This one here.

Great job.

Remember our rules when adding our E-R or E-S-T.

Commonly we just add E-R.

Or if the root word ends in an E, we remove the E and add E-R or E-S-T.

Pause the video.

Make any corrections now, Great spelling today, everyone.

Today we've been looking at suffixes.

In particular, we've been looking at suffixes, E-R and E-S-T.

A suffix, remember, is a letter or group of letters that we add to the end of a word, which creates a new word.

Adding E-R or E-S-T creates adjectives to compare things.

Remember, our E-R is our comparative adjective, and our E-S-T is a superlative adjective, the most of something.

Often we can just add that E-R, E-S-T, suffix and our root word stays the same.

However, if that root word ends in E, remember we remove the E and then add the suffix E-R or E-S-T.