Hi everybody.

I'm Ms. Gardner.

Welcome to the first lesson of your unit, mummification and explanation text.

I'm really excited for this unit.

Mummification is a fascinating process, and it's gonna be really interesting to be learning all about it and then writing about it in our explanation text.

So let's get started with our first lesson.

In our first lesson from our explanation text unit on mummification, we're going to be looking at the features you would expect to find in explanation texts.

So your learning outcome is I can identify important linguistic features of an explanation text.

Let's start by looking at the key words.

We'll do my turn, your turn.

So I'll say the word first, and then you can say it either back to the screen or to your partner or whoever you're with.

Explanation.

Linguistic feature.

Chronological order.

Subject-specific vocabulary.

Fronted adverbial.

Let's have a look at what these mean.

An explanation is a set of details and reasons given about how a process works.

So we're going to be explaining how mummification worked.

A linguistic feature is a structure of language that uses words.

So we are going to be, in today's lesson, looking for the different linguistic features in an explanation text.

Chronological order follows the order in which a series of events happens from start to finish.

Subject-specific vocabulary is vocabulary used when writing about a particular subject.

And a fronted adverbial is a sentence starter followed by a comma.

So there are three sections of the lesson today.

In the first, we'll be looking at subject-specific vocabulary.

In the second, we'll be looking at fronted adverbial of cause.

And in the third, we'll be looking at ordering fronted adverbial.

So let's start with looking at subject-specific vocabulary.

Explanation texts use subject-specific vocabulary, which is all of these.

It's related to the topic of the text.

So in this case, the subject-specific vocabulary will be related to the topic of mummification in Ancient Egypt.

It's factual, so it contains lots of facts, and it's often found in non-fiction texts.

This is some of the subject-specific vocabulary that you will use when writing your explanation text about mummification.

We'll do my turn, your turn again.

Embalmer.

That's the person whose job it was to mummify the corpses.

So the embalmer is the person doing the mummification.

Sarcophagus.

That is the coffin where a mommy was placed and stored for so many years.

Corpse.

That is a body that is no longer alive.

Afterlife.

That is another world to go to after death and lead a new life.

The Ancient Egyptians believed that when you died you went to the afterlife and lived a new life.

So checking for understanding.

What is subject-specific vocabulary? Is it, A, words that describe a noun, B, words related to a specific topic or subject, or C, a general word used in the English language? Pause the video now.

That's right, subject-specific vocabulary is words related to a specific topic or subject.

In this case, words related to Ancient Egypt and mummification.

Well done.

It's time for task A.

You need to circle the words that are specific to the topic of mummification.

I'll read out your options, and as I'm reading you can be thinking about which words you think are examples of subject-specific vocabulary.

So you have corpse, afterlife, care, job, body, sarcophagus embalmer, water, and history.

So pause the video now and circle the words that are specific to the topic of modification.

Off you go.

Welcome back, everybody.

Well done.

Okay, let's go through the words which are examples of subject-specific vocabulary.

Corpse, that is the body of somebody who's no longer alive.

That is the body that gets mummified.

Afterlife.

The Ancient Egyptians believed that when you died you went into the afterlife.

Body because it was a body that was mummified.

Sarcophagus, that's the coffin that the body went into once it had been prepared and wrapped and was ready to be stored for thousands of years.

And embalmer, that is the person whose job it was to prepare the body for mummification.

Well done, everybody, great job.

It is time for the second section of our lesson where we are going to be looking at fronted adverbials of cause.

So fronted adverbial is a sentence starter followed by a comma.

There are different types of fronted adverbials.

We have formal fronted adverbials, including and formal fronted adverbials and but formal fronted adverbials.

Viewpoint fronted adverbials, which give the point of view, sorry, which show the point of view of the writer.

For example, interestingly, that shows the writer thinks the point is interesting.

A fronted adverbials of cause, which we're going to look at in a minute.

And ordering fronted adverbials, which help to show the order in which a process happens, and we'll be looking at those in a minute as well.

So a cause is an event or action that brings about another event or action.

It's what leads to something else happening.

An effect is the result that occurs as a result of a cause.

It is basically what happens because of the cause.

So a fronted adverbial of cause is a sentence starter that tells the reader the cause and the effect of something.

So checking for understanding, true or false.

An effect always follows a cause.

Pause the video now That is true.

Can you use A or B to justify your answer? A, a cause comes before an effect or B, a cause and an effect are linked.

Pause the video now.

That's right, that is A, a cause comes before an effect because the cause causes the effect.

The effect can't happen without the cause.

Well done.

So here is a fronted adverbial of cause that we can use in our writing.

We'll do my turn, your turn.

As a result, it links a cause in one sentence to the effect in the next sentence.

Let's have a look.

The corpse was covered in natron salt.

That is our cause.

The effect of this is that the corpse dried out and did not decay.

So let's link these two sentences using a fronted adverbial of cause, as a result.

The corpse was covered in natron salt.

As a result, the corpse dried out and did not decay.

So let's check for understanding.

Which of these are true for fronted adverbial of cause? A, it links a cause to its effect, B, it lists two adjectives to describe a noun, or C, it links one sentence to the next sentence.

Pause the video now.

So, A, fronted a verbal of cause links a cause to its effect.

And C, its job is to link one sentence to the next sentence to show that they are connected.

It can't be B, two adjectives listed to describe a noun.

That's an expanded noun phrase.

Well done, everybody.

Okay, it's time for task B.

You need to link the two sentences and you can use the fronted adverbial of cause followed by a comma that we've just looked at.

So your two sentences are the cause, which is, the embalmment left the heart inside the body.

The effect of that was Ancient Egyptians believed their character could be fairly judged in the afterlife.

So using a fronted of adverbial cause, can you link these two sentences? Pause the video now and off you go.

Okay, well done, everybody.

Welcome back.

Here is what the sentences together, when they were linked, looked like.

I'm going to read it out loud and you can be reading it along with me or just listening.

The embalmers left the heart inside the body.

As a result, Ancient Egyptians believed their character could be fairly judged in the afterlife.

Well done, everybody.

Okay, it is time for the third section of the lesson where we are looking at ordering fronted adverbials, and these are particularly useful in explanation text because they help to show and explain the process of something in chronological order.

So an explanation text explains a process in chronological order.

Ordering fronted adverbials indicate the chronological order.

Here's an example and this is showing very, very briefly in a very simple way the process of mummification in the order in which it happens.

First, the body is washed in water or wine.

Then, the internal organs are removed.

Finally, the body is wrapped and placed in a sarcophagus.

Now, there is a lot more that happens in the process.

There are a few more steps and we can explain about the steps in a lot more detail, but we'll save that for when we've learned properly about the mummification process.

This is just to show you how useful those ordering fronted adverbials are, first, then, finally.

They help show the order in which the steps happen.

So which came first, then what comes next, and then what was the final step, the last step? So the ordering fronted adverbials help the reader to learn the steps of a process like mummification.

So there are four ordering fronted adverbials we can use in the mummification explanation text, and they are, and we'll do my turn, your turn.

First, and this indicates the first step in a process.

Then, this indicates a following step in a process.

Next, this indicates another following step in a process.

And finally, this indicates the final, the last step in a process.

So checking for understanding.

Can you match the ordering fronted adverbials to its meaning? So you need to draw a line.

Your four options are finally, then, first, and next.

And the four options for the meaning are indicates the first step in a process, indicates a following step in a process, indicates the final step in a process, and indicates a following step in a process.

So pause the video now and off you go drawing lines from the ordering fronted adverbial to its meaning.

Off you go.

Okay, well done, everybody.

Welcome back.

Let's go through these.

Finally, that indicates the final step, the last step in a process.

Then indicates a following step.

You can choose either options of indicates, a following step in a process.

It doesn't matter which one.

First indicates the first step in a process.

And next, also indicates the following step in a process.

Well done, everybody.

So let's have a look at these in some examples.

So first, this indicates the first step in a process.

How could we use this in a sentence, in an explanation text about mummification? First, the body was washed in water from the River Nile or wine.

Then, and this indicates a following step in the process, then the embalmer carefully removed the internal organs and placed them in canopic jars.

Next, and this indicates another following step in the process.

Next, the corpse was covered in natron salt and left to dry out for 40 days.

And finally, and this indicates the final step in a process.

Finally, the body was wrapped in linen and placed in a sarcophagus.

So don't worry if some of these terms feel a bit unfamiliar now.

If you don't really understand about each step, you're going to learn about every step in more detail in the next lesson.

This lesson is just showing the different types of linguistic features we'll expect to find in an exclamation text.

So check for understanding.

Which of these are ordering fronted adverbials, A, however, B, finally, C, next, or D, as a result? Pause the video now Our ordering fronted adverbials are B, finally, and C, next.

A is a but formal fronted adverbial and D, as a result, is a fronted adverbial of cause.

Both of these are examples of fronted adverbials you could expect to find in a nonfiction text, like an explanation text.

But they are not examples of ordering fronted adverbials.

Well done, everybody.

Okay, it is time for task C.

You need to write a sentence using the ordering fronted adverbial first.

Make sure you use a comma after the fronted adverbial.

And you need to include this fact.

Corpse was cleaned with wine or water from the River Nile.

That is the first step of the mummification process.

So now you need to pause the video and write a sentence using that ordering fronted adverbial.

And if you know any more detail about this fact, you can add it in as well.

So pause the video now and off you go.

Okay, welcome back, everybody.

Well done.

Here are some examples of what your sentences might have looked like.

First, the corpse was cleaned with wine or water from the River Nile, remembering capital letters for River and Nile because that is proper noun.

First, the embalmer cleaned the corpse with water from the River Nile or wine to rid the body of bad bacteria.

Or first, the body was washed with wine or water that came from the nearby River Nile.

If you need to pause the video and have another go at writing this sentence, you can.

Otherwise, really well done.

Okay, well done, everybody.

Here's a summary of everything we've learned today.

An explanation text explains the process of how something happens.

An explanation text uses subject-specific vocabulary, fronted adverbials of cause link and effect to a cause.

And ordering fronted adverbials indicate the chronological order of steps in a process.

Great job, everybody.

Well done.