Hi everybody, it's Ms. Gardner.

Thank you so much for joining in today's lesson from our unit, An Explanation Text on Mummification.

Today's a really fun lesson because we are going to be writing the first section of our explanation text.

So let's get going.

In today's lesson from our explanation text unit on mummification, we are writing the first themed section.

So your learning outcome is, I can use my plan to write the section about how the body was prepared in the process of mummification.

So let's start by looking at the keywords.

We'll do my turn your turn.

Text flow, subheading, compound sentence, complex sentence, fronted adverbial.

Let's have a look at the definitions.

Text flow is how a text is written to keep the reader engaged.

A subheading is a word, phrase, or sentence used to introduce part of a text.

A compound sentence is a sentence formed of two main clauses and a coordinating conjunction.

A complex sentence is a sentence formed of at least one main clause and a subordinate clause.

And a fronted adverbial is a sentence starter followed by a comma.

So there are two sections of our lesson today.

In the first we'll be preparing to write.

And in the second we'll be writing the section.

So let's start with preparing to write.

This explanation text can be structured into four sections.

An introduction which we've written, section one about the preparation of the body.

Section two, about the wrapping of the body, and then a conclusion.

In today's lesson, we are writing section one.

When we write, we always try to do these things.

Plan and say each sentence before we write it.

Use punctuation where we know the rules.

Showcase each sentence type, we know simple, compound, complex.

Write letters neatly on the line in joined handwriting.

Use spelling strategies to spell words accurately.

And check and improve our writing when we think we have finished.

So let's look at a plan for writing section one because these are the points that we want to include in this section today.

So the subheading was how the body was prepared.

And then the notes.

The key and most important information we need to include are body washed in wine or water from river aisle.

Internal organs removed and placed in canopic jars.

Heart left in body as needed for afterlife.

And corpse covered in natron salt for 40 days to remove moisture.

So these facts are all about how the body was prepared in the mummification process.

They are the first three steps of the modification process.

So the section needs to include the following for text flow.

A subheading, how the body was prepared or the how was the body prepared.

You could do it as a question.

Detailed and specific facts about how the body was prepared.

Subject specific vocabulary, fronted adverbials.

So these could be ordering fronted adverbials.

They're really important in an explanation text, first, then, next.

Viewpoint fronted adverbials.

So you are showing the point of view of the writer, interestingly, amazingly.

Or fronted adverbials of cause.

We show the cause and effect of something as a result.

And a range of simple compound and complex sentences.

So let's just say the first sentences out loud now using our plan, we know it's really important to say sentences first so that we can hear if they make sense and check for any mistakes.

So when you say your first sentences, I wonder if you can add any additional information that you know about this fact.

That the body was washed in wine or water from the river Nile.

Let's use this sentence scaffold to help us.

First, the embalmer blank with wine or water from the blank.

It was important they rid the body of bacteria because blank.

So using the sentence scaffold to help you pause the video now and have a go at saying your first sentences out loud.

Off you go.

Okay, well done everybody.

Let's say these sentences together.

First the embalmer washed the body with wine or water from the nearby River Nile.

It was important they rid the body of bacteria because corpses would have released putrid odours.

Putrid is a really precise and factual adjective describing the smells that would come off the body if they didn't clean them properly.

Well done everybody.

Great job.

So now let's use a fronted adverbials from the plan.

And I want to use it to introduce this fact.

Internal organs removed and placed in canopic jars.

This is the next step in the process.

So I'm going to use then, an ordering fronted adverbial.

Which indicates a following step.

So let's now say the next sentence allowed.

Use an ordering fronted adverbial from your plan.

So either next or then to introduce this fact.

Internal organs removed and placed in canopic jars.

And I wonder if you can add any more additional information about this fact.

What can you remember about the canopic jars or which internal organs were removed? This additional information you can add.

So let's use the sentence scaffold to help us.

Blank the embalmer cut a neat hole using a blank and removed blank.

They were stored in special containers called blank that had the faces of animals on them.

So using this sentence scaffold to help you and the bullet point note, pause the video now and say the next sentences out loud.

Off you go.

Okay, well done everybody.

Let's say these sentences together.

Then the embalmer cut a neat hole using a sharp knife and removed the internal organs such as the lungs, kidney, and liver.

They were stored in special containers called canopic jars that had the faces of animals on them.

Great job everybody.

Well done.

So now let's think about what kind of sentences we can use.

A complex sentence is formed of a main clause stretched with an adverbial subordinate clause that starts with a subordinating conjunction.

So we have in a complex sentence a main clause, subordinating conjunction, subordinate clause to form a complex sentence.

So let's look at a main clause and an adverbial clause.

The heart was left in the body.

That is our main clause because it makes sense by itself.

Because they believed it was needed in the afterlife is a subordinate clause.

It doesn't make sense by itself and it starts with a subordinating conjunction because.

The first idea can be stretched with the second idea to make one complex sentence.

Let's have a look.

The heart was left in the body because they believed it was needed in the afterlife.

Because is our subordinating conjunction.

However, we could be a little bit more ambitious here and add some extra detail to this complex sentence.

For example, interestingly, the heart was left in the body because they believed it was needed in the afterlife at judgement time.

So here we've added a viewpoint fronted adverbial.

Interestingly, that's giving the point of view of the writer.

They think this is interesting.

And I stretched that fact about it was needed in the, but they believed it was needed in the afterlife.

When was it needed? At judgement time.

So a bit of additional information there.

So two examples of complex sentences there.

So let's look now at another main clause and an adverbial clause.

When the organs have been removed, that is our subordinate clause.

It doesn't make sense by itself and it starts with the subordinating conjunction when.

The cadaver was covered in natron salt for 40 days.

Main clause makes sense by itself.

As writers, it's a good idea to vary the position of the subordinate clause in a complex sentence.

Varying the positions of the main and the adverbial clause in complex sentences means there's a variety of sentence structure.

So you're not always starting your complex sentence with the main clause or you're not always starting your complex sentence with the subordinate clause.

It's important to vary it.

So let's have a look.

When the internal organs had been removed, the cadaver was covered in natron salt for 40 days to completely dry it out.

Here your subordinate court clause came first and it was followed by a comma, but you could switch it round and it would be just as good a complex sentence.

The cadaver was covered in natron salt for 40 days to completely dry it out when the organs had been removed.

So here your main clause came first, which meant you did not need a comma before the subordinate clause.

So that's just something to be thinking about when you're writing.

Can you vary the position of the subordinate clause and the main clause in your complex sentences? So checking for understanding true or false.

This is a complex sentence.

The heart was left inside the body so the person's character could be judged in the afterlife.

Is that a complex sentence? Pause the video now.

True.

Can you use A or B to justify your answer? A, the main clause is stretched with the adverbial subordinate clause that starts with a subordinating conjunction.

Or B, a complex sentence contains one clause only.

Pause the video now.

That is A, well done.

Okay, it is time for task A.

We need to say the first two to three sentences of section one about the mummification process.

Can you include the following, a complex sentence, two specific facts and ordering fronted adverbial, one or two maybe.

So thinking about the first step of the process where the body was washed, using that as your first sentence and then continuing on.

So pause video now and off you go.

Saying and using your plan to help you.

The first two to three sentences of this section.

Off you go.

Well done everybody.

Welcome back.

So just think about the sentences you just said.

Did you include a complex sentence? Were your facts really specific? Did you include an ordering fronted adverbial? I'm going to say now my sentences out loud and you can help me check if I've included those three points.

First, the embalmer washed the body with wine or water from the nearby river Nile so they could remove bacteria from the corpse.

Then the skilled embalmer removed the internal organs such as the lungs, kidney and liver.

However, the heart was left inside the body because they believed it was needed in the afterlife.

So have I included a complex sentence? I actually included two.

My first and my final sentence were complex sentences.

'Cause I used the subordinating conjunctions so and so they could remove bacteria from the corpse.

And because in because they believed it was needed in the afterlife.

Are my facts specific? I did I said what do they wash the body with? Wine and water.

I listed the internal organs that were removed, the lungs, the kidney and liver.

And I explained why the heart was left inside the body.

So these are really detailed and specific facts.

And have I included a ordering fronted adverbial an ordering fronted adverbial I did two first and then, and I actually included a formal but fronted adverbial, however.

Okay, thank you for helping me check over those sentences.

If you need to, you can pause the video now and have another go at saying your first sentences out loud.

Okay, it's time for the second section of our lesson now where we are writing the section.

So this is the success criteria that we are going to use to write today.

Let's go through it.

I have written a subheading and underlined it.

I have written detailed facts about mummification.

I have written a compound and a complex sentence.

I have used at least two ordering fronted adverbials to explain the process in the correct order.

So this will be really useful when it comes to writing 'cause it'll help us to make sure we're including everything we need to.

So these are the steps that you will explain in this section and you'll write about these in a bit more detail.

But these the most important bits of information you need to include.

How the body was prepared.

Body was washed in wine or water from the river Nile.

Internal organs removed and placed in canopic jars.

Heart was left in the body as needed for afterlife.

And corpse was covered in natron salt for 40 days to remove moisture.

So these were the bullet point notes from our plan.

You can see they are not in full sentences.

We will of course be writing in full sentences, but these will be really useful to remind us of what we need to write about and the order in which we need to write.

So first I'm going to write the subheading and the first few sentences about mummification.

And you are going to help me check that I've used the success criteria to write a really successful piece of writing.

Okay, so you can see I stuck in my success criteria.

I've written my subheading, how the body was prepared.

And I've written my first sentence.

Let's just read it back to check it makes sense.

'Cause I always like to read back every sentence to check it makes sense when I've read it out loud.

First, the embalmer washed the body with wine or water from the river Nile in order to remove any bacteria.

Okay, I'm happy with my first sentence.

So now I'm going to write my next sentence.

I'm going to look at my plan to remind me what comes next.

Ah, yes, he internal organs were removed and placed in the canopic jars.

So I'm gonna start my sentence using an ordering fronted adverbial.

Next 'cause it is the next step in the process.

What do I need after my ordering fronted adverbial? I need one of these after any fronted adverbial it is a comma, well done.

Next the skilled, 'cause it's very skilled the way they could remove these organs.

Next, the skilled, I could say, embalmer, but I've already used the word embalmer and we know it's quite a good idea to vary the way we refer to nouns.

So I'm going to use a synonym for embalmer, which was mortician.

Somebody who prepares the body for burial, mortician.

Next, the skilled mortician cut a hole.

Actually, I've just thought, I know it's really important to use adverbs to describe a verb because it gives the reader a better image of how the action is happening.

So how did the mortician cut a hole? Was it really randomly? No, it was really precise and careful, wasn't it? So I'm going to use the adverb precisely, precisely.

Cut a hole in the, I could call it the body, but I've already used body so I could say maybe the corpse, or actually I'm going to use cadaver.

Precisely cut a hole in the cadaver.

Where was it? In the chest.

So I'm going to say the cadaver's chest.

In the cadaver's chest.

And what did he do? He carefully removed those internal organs, didn't he? And he carefully.

And I'm going to use another adverb here.

So I've used precisely, now I'm using carefully, removed the internal organs.

But let's stretch this fact.

What organs did he remove? He carefully removed the internal organs, such as the lungs.

What else was it? The liver and the kidney.

So this is a list of nouns.

So I need to remember my comma rule, such as the lungs, comma, liver.

And we don't need another comma 'cause we've got the word and, and kidney.

That's the end of my sentence.

So I need everybody a, full stop.

Okay, let's read back and check it makes sense.

And check for any errors.

Capital letter at the start of my sentence.

Tick, Next comma the skilled mortician precisely cut a hole in the cadaver's chest.

Ooh, I can see that.

I'm missing a piece of punctuation here.

I wonder if you can see what punctuation I'm missing.

The chest belongs to the cadaver.

So I need an apostrophe for possession in between the R and the S.

And he carefully removed the internal organs such as the lungs, comma, liver, and kidney.

Then I'm looking at my plan.

I want to mention the fact that the heart was left in the body.

So I'm just going to use a simple sentence.

'Cause we know it's important to use a range of sentence types.

The heart is left inside the body and it's a simple sentence.

So I'm gonna finish it now with a full stop.

But I'm always gonna check back and see if it makes sense.

The heart is left inside the body.

Oh, I wonder if you can spot the mistake there.

Does mummification happen now? It doesn't, does it? It's a old fashioned process from the past.

I need to be writing in past tense.

So I'm going to cross out is and neatly it with was.

The heart was left inside the body.

That's the cause.

What was the result of this? I'm going to use my fronted adverbial of cause here.

As a result, ancient Egyptians believed, what did they believe? Why the heart was left inside the body.

They believed that then the person could be fairly judged in the afterlife.

As a result ancient Egyptians believed the person or the, it's not the person who goes to the afterlife it's the spirit.

The spirit could be not just judged but fairly judged because the heart was a representation of the person's character.

I believe this could be fairly judged in the afterlife.

Okay, let's just remember what we need at the end of every sentence.

We need a full stop.

Okay, let's go back and check.

We've included everything.

Capital letter at the start.

Yep, as a result.

Ooh, that's a fronted adverbial.

Every fronted adverbial needs a comma.

Well done.

Ancient Egyptians.

Egyptian comes from the proper noun Egypt.

So what does Egyptian need to start with? I've made a bit of an error here.

That's right.

It needs to start with a capital letter.

So I'm just gonna neatly replace that.

Ancient Egyptians believed the spirit could be fairly judged in the afterlife.

Full stop.

Okay, I'm happy with that.

I can see on my plan that I need to talk about the corpse being covered in natron salt for 40 days.

But I'm going to leave that now and you are going to continue writing that independently.

So let's just go through the success criteria.

I have written a subheading and underlined it.

I have done that.

How the body was prepared so I can give myself a tick.

I have written detailed facts about mummification.

I definitely have.

I spoke about why they washed the body, what organs were removed, what organs were left, why.

So really detailed facts.

So I can give myself a tick.

Have I written a compound and a complex sentence? I have a compound sentence here.

You can see my coordinating conjunction and I haven't got a complex sentence just yet.

So that's something I'm going to be thinking about when I explain about the natron salts.

So I can't give myself a tick just yet here.

I have used at least ordering fronted adverbials.

I have first and next.

So definitely can give myself a tick.

And I've actually also include another type of fronted adverbial as a result.

Okay, so now I've checked through my success criteria.

I know I need to be thinking about a compound and complex sentence in my next part.

So thank you for helping me write this and check my success criteria.

You are now going to have a chance to write your section.

Okay, it's time for task B where you are writing your section.

So in a moment you'll pause the video and you'll write and underline your subheading, how the body was prepared or how was the body prepared? Then you'll need to indent your first sentence and then you'll use your success criteria and your plan to help you structure your section.

So pause the video now and off you go.

Well done everybody.

Welcome back.

In a minute you are going to read your writing back to check it makes sense, and if there's any errors, and you'll tick the success criteria as you find an example of each part.

Like here, let's go through this example, how the body was prepared.

First, the body was cleaned with wine or water from the river Nile.

So there was no more bacteria on the corpse.

Next, the diligent embalmer cut a hole in the cadaver.

He carefully removed the internal organs such as the lung, kidney, and liver.

But the heart was left inside the body.

Ancient Egyptians believed the heart was needed in the afterlife at judgement time.

Then the cadaver was covered in natron salt for 40 days so it could dry out.

So let's just go through the success criteria.

I have written a subheading and underlined it.

I have, I can give myself a tick.

I said how the body was prepared.

I have written detailed facts about mummification.

I have.

I explained about how they cleaned the body, which organs they removed, why they believed the heart should be left in the body, how long the body was covered in natron salt for.

Really detailed facts.

So I can give myself a tick.

I have written a compound and a complex sentence.

Yes I have.

My first sentence was a complex sentence so there was no more bacteria on the corpse.

And then with the sentence beginning he carefully removed, is a compound sentence.

I used the coordinating conjunction, but remembering my comma before but to.

So I can give myself a tick for that.

And have I used at least two ordering fronted adverbials? I included first, next, and then, so I can definitely give myself a tick for that.

So now you can pause the video, go back through your section and go through your success criteria and tick off what you can.

Pause the video now and off you go.

Well done everybody.

Great job today.

Here is a summary of everything we've learned.

A section of a report contains specific facts for the reader to learn more about the subject.

A subheading introduces a section of a text.

Using simple compound and complex sentences improves text flow for the reader.

And ordering fronted adverbials indicate the order of the steps in a process.

Great job everybody.

Well done.