Hi, everybody, I'm Ms. Gardner.

Welcome to your next lesson from our explanation text unit on mummification.

You've all done brilliantly so far in this unit, and I'm really excited for this lesson where we are going to be writing all about how the body was wrapped and stored.

So let's get going.

In today's lesson from our unit, An Explanation Text on Mummification, we are going to be continuing to explain the process of mummification.

So your learning outcome is, I can use my plan to write the section about how the body was wrapped in the process of mummification.

So let's start by looking at the keywords.

We'll do my turn, your turn.

Text flow.

Subheading.

Compound sentence.

Complex sentence.

Fronted adverbial.

Let's have a look at the definitions.

Text flow is how a text is written to keep the reader engaged.

A subheading is a word, phrase, or sentence used to introduce part of a text.

A compound sentence is a sentence formed of two main clauses and a coordinating conjunction.

A complex sentence is a sentence formed to at least one main clause and a subordinate clause.

And a fronted adverb is a sentence starter followed by a comma.

So there are two sections of our lesson today.

In the first, we'll be preparing to write.

And in the second, we'll be writing the section.

So let's start with preparing to write.

So this explanation text can be structured into four sections: An introduction.

Section 1, on the preparation of the body.

We've written these first two sections.

Section 2, the wrapping of the body.

And then, the conclusion.

In today's lesson, we are writing section 2, and we'll use our plan to help us.

When we write, we always try to do these things: Plan and say each sentence before we write it.

Use punctuation where we know the rules.

Showcase each sentence type we know.

Write letters neatly on the line in joined handwriting.

Use spelling strategies to spell words accurately.

And check and improve our writing when we think we have finished.

So we are going to be using the notes we made from our plan on section 2.

So our subheading was, how the body was wrapped.

And then, the notes, which contained the key information we need to include were: body covered in oil to keep the body soft and prevent bacteria.

Corpse tightly wrapped in linen.

Priest read out incantations to ward off evil spirits.

And, placed in wooden sarcophagus to keep spirits safe in the afterlife.

These facts were all about the wrapping and then the storing of the body.

So this section needs to include the following for text flow: A subheading.

Detailed specific facts about how the body was wrapped and stored.

Subject-specific vocabulary.

Fronted adverbials, so these include ordering fronted adverbials: next, then, finally.

Viewpoint fronted adverbs, so ones which show the point of view of the writer, interestingly, amazingly, maybe you'd use.

Or, a fronted adverbial of cause, as a result, which shows the cause and the effect of something.

And, a range of sentence types, simple, compound, and complex.

So now let's just check.

Say the first sentences out loud using your plan.

So you can use this note from the plan: body covered in oil to keep the body soft and prevent bacteria.

You can see right now it's in note form.

It doesn't make sense, it's not a complete sentence.

So we'll use this fact and make it part of a full sentence.

And you can use this sentence scaffold to help you.

The corpse was completely blank to keep the body soft.

In addition, the oils prevented blank.

So using the sentence scaffold and the bullet point note to help you, have a go at saying these sentences out loud.

Off you go.

Okay, well done, everybody.

Let's say these sentences out loud together.

The corpse was completely covered in scented oils to keep the body soft.

In addition, the oils prevented bacteria from spreading over the body.

You can see I actually included a formal and fronted adverbial, in addition, in these sentences too, to build on the point from the previous sentence.

Okay, well done, everybody.

Great job.

So now let's use a fronted adverbial from the plan.

And we're going to use it to help us explain this fact in more detail: corpse tightly wrapped in linen.

I'm going to use as a result, because I want to explain what was the result of the corpse being wrapped in linen.

So let's have a go at saying this sentence out loud using the fronted adverbial of course.

We're going to use this sentence scaffold to help us.

Next, the corpse was wrapped in linen.

Blank, the fronted adverbial, of course, the body was protected from damage and the parts were kept together.

So now you need to say these sentences, but make sure you include the fronted adverbial, of course.

Pause the video now.

Okay, well done, everybody.

Let's say these sentences out loud together.

Next, the corpse was tightly wrapped in linen.

As a result, the body was protected from damage and the parts were kept together.

Great job, everybody.

Well done! So now we know we need to include a range of sentence types in our writing, so let's think about complex sentences.

A complex sentence is formed of a main clause, stretched with a subordinate adversarial clause that starts with a subordinating conjunction.

You can see there, because, as, and when, all examples of subordinating conjunctions.

These, together, form a complex sentence.

So let's have a look at a main clause and an adverbial clause.

The priest read out incantations to ward off evil spirits.

That's a main clause, it makes sense by itself.

As the body was being wrapped.

That's a subordinate clause.

It starts with the subordinating conjunction, as, and it doesn't make sense by itself.

The subordinating conjunction as is used to show when two ideas are happening at the same time.

Let's have a look at this in an example.

As the body was being wrapped, the priest read out incantations to ward off evil spirits.

As, is your subordinating conjunction, and it starts the subordinate clause.

So then you have your comma after the subordinate clause, before the main clause, to separate the two clauses.

So this is a great example of a complex sentence where the two ideas are happening at the same time, so you use the subordinating conjunction as.

You could also, though, vary the position of the two clauses.

So you can see in this sentence, the main clause comes first, and I've added a couple of extra details.

Interestingly, the priest read out special incantations to ward off evil spirits as the body was being wrapped.

So in this complex sentence, I started with a viewpoint fronted adverbial.

I included a factual adjective, special.

And here, my main clause came first.

The priest read out special incantations to ward off evil spirits as the body was being wrapped.

And my subordinate clause came second.

You can see there was no need for a comma next to the subordinating conjunction here when the subordinate clause comes at the end.

Okay, so when it comes to writing today, you can be thinking about how you can vary the position of your subordinate clause.

Sometimes the subordinate clause can come first, sometimes the main clause can come first in complex sentences.

So checking for understanding, true or false? This is a complex sentence: The body was carefully placed in the sarcophagus and it was kept safe for thousands of years.

Pause the video now.

That is false.

Can you use A or B to justify your answer? A, a complex sentence is formed of two main clauses and a subordinating conjunction.

Or, B, this is a compound sentence.

It is formed of two main clauses and a coordinating conjunction.

Pause the video now.

That is B.

This is a compound sentence because you have two main clauses, and the clauses are joined with the coordinating conjunction at.

Well done, everybody.

So it's time for Task A.

You need to say the first two to three sentences of section 2 about the mummification process.

Include the following: a complex sentence, two specific facts, and a fronted adverbial of your choice.

So you want to start by explaining about how the body was covered in oil, and then how it's wrapped in linen.

So pause the video now and off you go, saying out loud two sentences about these steps of the mummification process.

Off you go.

Well done, everybody.

Just have a think about the sentences you've just said.

Did you include a complex sentence? Were your facts specific? Did you include a fronted adverbial? I'm now going to read out loud my sentences, and you can help me check if I've included these three points.

The embalmer completely covered the corpse in scented oils.

As a result, the body remained soft and bacteria could not spread across the corpse.

Next, the corpse was tightly wrapped in linen so that the body parts were protected from damage.

So did I include a complex sentence? I did, my final sentence had the subordinate clause: so that the body parts were protected from damage.

So that's a complex sentence.

Were my facts specific? I did, I explained how they were covered.

The corpse was covered in scented oil.

Why it was.

So the body could remain soft so that bacteria couldn't spread.

And I explained about what material the corpse was wrapped in.

I said it was wrapped in linen.

So really detailed and specific facts.

Have I included a fronted adverbial? I did, I include, as a result, a fronted adverbial clause, and, next, an ordering fronted adverbial.

Just saying my sentences out loud made me think though about what I could do differently, and I think that I need to vary the way I refer to the noun, because I used the word corpse three times, and I know that there are some synonyms for corpse.

We could have said cadaver or the deceased body.

So when it comes to writing my sentences, I'm going to make sure I am using a variety of nouns.

Thank you for helping me check over these sentences, and really well done on Task A.

It's now time for the second part of our lesson where we are going to be writing this section.

This is the success criteria that we are going to use to write today.

Let's just go through it.

I have written detailed facts about mummification.

I have written a compound and a complex sentence.

I have varied the position of the subordinate clause.

And, I have used at least two fronted adverbials.

So this will be really useful for us when it comes to writing 'cause we can keep referring to it to make sure we are including everything we need to in this section.

So these are the steps of the mummification process that you are going to explain in this section.

So we're talking about how the body was wrapped.

Body covered in oil to keep body soft and prevent bacteria.

Corpse tightly wrapped in linen.

Priest read out incantations to ward off evil spirits.

And, placed in wooden sarcophagus to keep spirits safe in the afterlife.

So these facts are all about the wrapping of the body and how it was stored.

You can see that these facts from our plan were not written in full sentences and they're quite basic, these facts, there's not that much detail.

So when it comes to writing, we're going to be thinking about adding extra detail.

So let's have a look at a model section.

I'm going to read it out loud, and as I'm reading, you can be thinking about what I've included from my success criteria.

How the body was wrapped.

The embalmer completely covered the cadaver in scented oils because the body needed to remain soft.

In addition, bacteria could not spread across the corpse.

Then, the corpse was tightly wrapped in linen to protect the body parts from damage.

As the cadaver was being wrapped, the priest read out special incantations to ward off evil spirits.

Finally, the body was carefully placed in a wooden decorated sarcophagus and they believed the spirit could now be kept safe in the afterlife.

So, have I written detailed facts about mummification? I definitely have.

I spoke about the fact that the body was covered in scented oils, it was wrapped in linen, the priest read out incantations, the sarcophagus was wooden and decorated.

So these are really detailed facts about these steps, so I can give myself a tick.

Have I written a compound and a complex sentence? My first sentence was a complex sentence.

Because the body needed to remain soft, that's a subordinate clause.

I also had another complex sentence later starting with, as the cadaver was being wrapped, the priest read out special incantations to ward off evil spirits.

That's my complex sentence.

And my final sentence is a compound sentence, I have two main clauses.

Finally, the body was carefully placed in a wooden decorated sarcophagus.

And my coordinating conjunction, they believed the spirit could now be kept safe in the afterlife.

So that's two main clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction, so that's a compound sentence, so I can give myself a tick.

Have I varied the position of the subordinate clause? So I'm going to look again at my two complex sentences.

And you can see in my first complex sentence, the main clause came first.

The embalmer completely covered the cadaver in scented oils because the body needed to remain soft.

So my main clause came first in that sentence.

Then, in my next complex sentence, I started with the subordinate clause.

As the cadaver was being wrapped, the priest read out special incantations to ward off evil spirits.

So I've switched the position of the subordinate clause there, so I can give myself a tick.

Have I used at least two fronted adverbials? I have, I used in addition, so a formal fronted adverbial, then and finally, two ordering fronted adverbials.

So I can give myself a tick.

It's time for Task B.

You now need to write the section of the explanation text about how the body was wrapped and then stored in the sarcophagus.

Use your success criteria to help you structure your paragraph.

Let's just go through it one more time.

I have written detailed facts about mummification.

I have written a compound and a complex sentence.

I varied the position of the subordinate clause.

And, I have used at least two fronted adverbials.

So in a minute, you're gonna pause the video, you'll write your subheading, How the body was wrapped, you'll leave an indent, and then you'll start explaining about the next three steps of the mummification process.

So pause the video now and off you go.

Well done, everybody.

Well done.

You now need to read back through your section of the explanation text about how the body was wrapped.

Use your success criteria and the notes on your plan to help you check that you have included everything you needed to in this section.

If you have written detailed facts about mummification, give yourself a tick.

If you have written a compound and a complex sentence, give yourself a tick.

If you have varied the position of the subordinate clause in your complex sentences, give yourself a tick.

And if you've used at least two fronted adverbials, give yourself a tick.

So pause the video now and read back through this section of the explanation text.

Off you go.

Well done, everybody.

Great job today.

Here is a summary of everything we've learned.

A section of an explanation text contains specific facts for the reader to learn more about the subject.

A subheading introduces a section of a text.

Using simple, compound, and complex sentences improves text flow for the reader.

Varying the position of the subordinate clause in a complex sentence improves text flow for the reader.

And, fronted adverbials ensure the reader stays engaged when reading the section.

Excellent job, everybody, today.

Really well done.