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Hello and welcome to today's spelling lesson.

I'm Mr. Moss, I love spelling and I'm really looking forward to teaching you.

For today, you need to bring your looking eyes, your listening ears, and your thinking brains, as well as that something to write with and write on and someone or something to talk to would be great as well.

Well, let's get on with today's spelling lesson then.

In today's spelling lesson, we're going to practise and apply spelling homonyms. The outcome will be, I can use a range of strategies to practise spelling homonyms. Here are the keywords for today's learning.

My turn, your turn, and make sure I can hear you saying these.

Homonyms. Homophones.

Pronunciation.

Brilliant.

Thank you so much for saying those back to me.

It was great hearing you say them.

Please keep an eye and ear out for these words in today's learning as they are really key to the learning.

Let's have a think about what these keywords mean then.

A homonym is a word or words that have the same spelling or pronunciation as other words, but a different meaning.

So they look the same, are spelt the same, but can have different pronunciations but can also be pronounced the same but have different meanings.

Homophones, on the other hand, are words that sound the same, but look different.

They have different spellings and different meanings.

And pronunciation is the way a word or language is spoken, including the sounds, stress, and intonation patterns.

So the way in which we might pronounce words can be different.

Here's the outline for today's learning.

We're gonna begin by looking at what homonyms are and looking at some examples of homonyms. Then we're gonna use some strategies to practise and we're gonna end by applying some spellings of some homonyms within a sentence.

Let's get on with having a think about what homonyms are then and looking at some common homonyms. Remember that homophones are words that sound the same, but have different spellings.

Homonyms, on the other hand, look the same, but can have different meanings and can also be pronounced differently, so they can sound different.

Let's have a look at what this word homophone means then.

The first part homos we get from Greek, meaning one and the same.

The second part phone is all to do with hearing, a bit like that word phoneme, which is that sound when spoken.

So homophones are words that sound the same.

Homophones sound the same, but have different spelling.

For instance, whose and who's.

Whose spelled W-H-O-S-E is like whose is this? Who's, W-H-O apostrophe S, is the contracted form of who is.

Who's there? Who is there? Homonyms have the same spelling.

Bark, for instance, is a homonym.

Notice how it's not like a homophone 'cause it has the same spelling.

The word bark can mean a dog's bark, woof woof woof, or it could be the bark on a tree, that protective outer layer.

So you can see it looks the same and in this instance is pronounced the same, but has a different meaning.

Homonyms are words which have the same spelling, but multiple meanings.

Here's an example of a homonym, the word tyre.

Let's think about what context the word tyre can mean different things in.

Halfway through the race, I began to tyre.

So that's you becoming tired, you needing a rest.

T-I-R-E, tyre.

I had to change the worn-out tyre on my bike.

This now is that noun.

It's the tyre that you use on a wheel on a bike.

It's become worn out.

The rubber's become worn out, so you need to change it.

So you can see here that although this word tyre is spelt the same, T-I-R-E, and it even sounds the same, it can have different meanings dependent on its position and context within the sentence.

On the one hand here, we have you getting tired.

And in the other hand, we have a noun, an object, a tyre that's on a wheel.

So let's think about where this word homonym comes from then.

You should be able to remember what the first part of this word is.

Think back to when we just looked at the word homophone.

What does the homo or the homos part at the beginning of the word mean? Have a think.

Fantastic.

It means one and the same.

And we get this from the Greek word homos.

The nym part then is word or name.

So this is the same word or name, not the same sound like in homophone.

And this is because we know that it's the same spelling, isn't it? It's the same written representation.

Homophones and homonyms then are slightly different and it's really important that we know this distinction.

Homophones sound the same, but have different spellings.

We have here the examples of hear and here.

They sound exactly the same, but one is hear with your ear.

What can I hear? And the other one is I am over here, H-E-R-E.

So different meanings and different spellings.

And if you were to look at some homonyms, again, words that look the same have the same word or name.

Remember we have here tear and tear.

Now this is an interesting one, isn't it? Because this is this key distinction between homophones and homonyms. Homonyms can be spelt the same, but they can also sound different, whereas homophones will always sound the same even if they have different spellings.

So T-E-A-R here, tear is like that tear in your eye, but we can also pronounce this T-E-A-R spelling tear, so it has a different pronunciation there, as in like tear the piece of paper.

One is that noun, that tear.

The other is an action, a doing word, a verb.

So think carefully about this true or false statement that I've made here.

The words tyre and tyre are homophones.

Is that true or false? And then justify your answer with the correct reasoning.

They are homophones, they sound the same, but have different spellings.

Or they are homonyms, they look the same and sound the same, but can have different meanings.

Pause the video.

Is this statement true or false? And select the correct justification now.

Off you go.

Brilliant.

So the words tyre and tyre are not homophones.

Remember, they are homonyms because they look the same.

They have the same name, remember homos same; nym word or name.

So same name, they're spelt the same.

And interestingly, these ones do sound the same as well, tyre and tyre, but they have different meanings dependent on the context in which they use.

Remember it could be I began to tyre from the race, as you becoming tired.

And then I removed the tyre from the car.

That's that noun, that tyre.

So the words tyre and tyre are homonyms, not homophones.

Remember if they were homophones, they would sound the same, but they would have different spellings.

So close is a homonym.

This is a really interesting one as well because I can actually pronounce this in two ways.

Please close the door behind you, with that ZZZ.

Close that door.

I live close to my school.

Now that's with an S there, isn't it? Close.

So one is that proximity.

I live close to something.

The other is close the door, but it's a homonym because they're spelt the same.

It's spelt the same.

The word looks the same, but they don't sound the same and they have different meanings.

The context and position within a sentence tells us the meaning of a homonym.

Homonyms can also have different pronunciations remember like close and close or tear and tear.

Remember if I'm saying close, that's as in close the door.

If I'm saying close, that's that proximity.

I'm close to you or close to something.

Tear is to rip something apart.

A tear is something that will come out of your eye if you're upset, but they're spelt the same and have different meanings.

But these ones are really interesting because they can also be pronounced differently.

So have a look here for me.

I've got some gaps and blanks in my sentences here.

And I've got four words, but I've got three gaps.

I'd like us to put the correct words into the correct position to finish these sentences.

Mm are words that have mm spelling, but mm meaning.

The meaning of a homonym changes depending on the context.

Pause the video, think about what we've been learning about and put the correct words into the sentences now.

Off you go.

Fantastic.

So let's see how you've gotten on there.

Homonyms are words that have the same spelling and that's what that word hominy means remember.

Homos, same.

Nym, name or word.

Same name, same word, same spelling, but different meanings.

Remember also that they can have the same or different pronunciations.

The meaning of a homonym changes depending on the context, its positioned within the sentence, and what word class it is and what role it's playing within that sentence.

These words that we're going to look at now are all homonyms. My turn, your turn.

Fine.

Lie.

Wind.

Now, wind is actually a really interesting one as well because it can be pronounced in two different ways.

I can say wind like the wind that blows or I can say wind, to wind something up.

These words which have the same spelling, but they also have multiple meanings.

Remember it's also possible for them to sound different like the spelling W-I-N-D can be pronounced wind or wind.

Let's have a look at this then in some sentences.

A strong wind blew the tree down.

He had to carefully wind the thread around the spool.

Spelt the same, pronounced differently, and having different meanings within the context of their sentences.

They are homonyms. Have a look at the other words for me as well.

Fine and lie.

Can you think of some different meanings for these words? I wonder if you could put them into a sentence for me.

Fine and lie.

Pause the video.

See if you can think of multiple meanings for these words and put them into some sentences.

Off you go.

Brilliant.

I'm wondering how you did then.

So fine, F-I-N-E.

You could be saying I am fine, like you're okay, but you could also need to pay a fine.

Perhaps you parked your car in the wrong spot on the road and you receive a fine.

That would be an amount of money you would have to owe to someone for doing something wrong.

So there's two meanings there.

Lie, I might have to lie down on the bed, but I could also tell a lie to someone and not tell the truth.

I wonder if you've got those different meanings.

So let's have a read of these words.

My turn, your turn.

Bear Bat.

Lie.

That one we just looked at.

Fair.

Wind or wind.

This is a really interesting one.

Are you ready? Base or bass? Let's do that one one more time.

Base or bass.

Two pronunciations there for that homonym.

And close or close.

Close the door or I am close.

Don't worry, we're gonna come back and talk about bass and bass in just a moment 'cause it's a really interesting one.

These words are all homonyms. Remember, sometimes homonyms sound the same and sometimes they don't.

These three we had down here can be pronounced in different ways.

We could have wind or wind like the wind that blew or wind something, round something.

I could have bass, which is the lowest pitch or tone in music.

Really low bass or it could be bass.

Bass is a type of fish.

And then we have close or close, close the door when you close something or I am close to you, that proximity.

They have the same spelling, but we can pronounce in different ways and dependent on how they're then pronounced can have different meanings.

Unlike many other rules, you would have investigated in your spelling, for instance, adding suffixes, adding prefixes.

There are no patterns for homonyms unfortunately.

Homonyms can be nouns, verbs, or adjectives.

Its place within a sentence tells us its meaning.

With this in mind then, I'd like you to have a look at these sentences.

I'm not gonna read them to you 'cause it would really clearly give away where our homonyms are.

Have a look at these three sentences for me.

Can you spot the homonym? Could you have a go saying these sentences? Do you think the homonym might need to be pronounced differently? Pause the video now and see if you can spot that homonym.

Off you go.

Fantastic, so the homonym was R-O-W here.

And really interestingly, this homonym can be pronounced in two different ways as well.

In our first sentence here, my sister and I had a huge row.

We wouldn't say row here.

A row is an argument or fight.

We had a huge row.

The next sentence here, we sat in a neat row for assembly, so sitting in that row.

And finally, we had to row the boat down the river, which is a verb.

So notice here that we've got a homonym.

It can be pronounced in different ways.

It's spelt the same.

And it can actually have three meanings here.

Even when it's pronounced the same, it can have a couple of different meanings.

It could be sitting in a neat row, but it could be that verb, to row.

So it's showing here, homonyms can have different pronunciations, the same spelling, and can also have different word class and different meanings.

Row is a noun, okay? It's a fight.

Row, is sitting in that row, is a noun.

And row as in rowing a boat is a verb.

The word row or row can be both a noun or a verb.

It depends on the context and also our pronunciation here.

So true or false here, look at this statement that I've made.

Homonyms can have different word classes, so that true or false, and then justify answer by selecting from A and B.

A says the word row or row only has one meaning.

The word row or row can be both a noun or verb depending on the context.

So homonyms can have different word classes.

Do you think this is true or false? And then select your correct justification.

Off you go.

Brilliant.

You can see loads are pointing there at either true or false.

You've done a great job really, engaged with it.

So homonyms can have different a word class is absolutely true.

Think about what we just looked at.

We've looked at this word row or row and we've said that it could be a noun or a verb dependent on the context.

If it's a row or you're sitting in a row, then it's a noun.

And if it's row like rowing the boat, then it's a verb.

Remember, homonyms can have different word classes dependent on the context in which they're used.

And remember, they can also be pronounced differently, although they're spelled the same.

With that knowledge in mind then, what I'd like us to do now is to have a look at some sentences to spot the homonyms and then also decide the word class of the homonym in the sentences.

I'm gonna have a go at doing the ones on the left-hand side here.

The mother bear protects her cubs.

This burden is mine alone to bear.

Now I need to look at the sentences 'cause they don't necessarily have to sound the same remember.

So B-E-A-R here and B-E-A-R look the same, so they're homonyms. They also sound the same.

In one instance, it's a mother bear protecting her cubs.

So that's a noun, isn't it? And the other one is the burden that you bear.

It means you're carrying something.

You might bear something on your shoulders.

So that's a verb.

So the word bear can be B-E-A-R a noun or B-E-A-R a verb.

I'd like you then to have a look carefully at sentences two and three.

Read through them, spot the homonyms. Remember they might be pronounced differently, so think carefully about the context and then decide whether they are nouns, verbs, or adjectives.

Pause the video.

Off you go.

So our homonym here is B-O-W.

It's either bow or bow.

Now if you bow, it is an action of doing something, so it's a verb.

If you place something on your bow, like a bow and arrow, it's a noun, it's a thing.

So bow is our verb and bow is a noun.

Number three here was I hit the ball with the bat.

A bat uses echolocation to hunt for prey.

So we've got bat here being used in two different ways.

Our homonym name is bat, B-A-T.

It's pronounced the same.

And interestingly here, it's a noun in both instances.

I hit the ball with the bat.

So it's like a cricket bat, okay, or a round bat that you might use.

And a bat is that flying mammal that uses echolocation to hunt for prey.

So it's a noun in both instances.

So because homonyms don't have any rules that we can apply, it's really important that we just learn how to spell them and how to use them perhaps in different contexts.

So I'd like us to use the strategy to look, cover, write strategy to practise spelling these homonyms. So we've got the homonym bear, we've got bat, we've got bow or bow, row or row, and remember this one, bass that low tone, or bass, the fish.

So the way this strategy works is is by looking carefully at the spelling first of all.

Memorising it, stick it in your memory.

Covering it up.

It was bear.

B-E-A-R, B-E-A-R.

It's that E-A-R representation of that ER sound there, bear.

I then have a go at writing it.

And I do this more than once.

I do this a number of times.

So I'd like you now to have a go at using this strategy of the look, cover, write, and then check back again to make sure you spell it right, to have a go writing out these homonyms. As you're doing it, consider do they have different pronunciations and what are the different meanings? I wonder if you could even put some of these different meanings on show in sentences.

Pause the video, use this strategy now.

Off you go.

Fantastic job, team.

Let's see how you've done then.

I'm hoping that you've managed to write out the words that we had here are homonyms in different ways using this strategy.

So we've got bear, bat, bow or bow, row or row, and bass or bass.

Hoping you managed to spell these correctly using that strategy.

It's a really great strategy.

Always use your best handwriting as well to make really good links between your hand and your brain.

That muscle memory, that motor memory.

Do you have any corrections to make? Pause the video, make those correction now.

Off you go.

Onto our next learning cycle then, which is strategies to practise.

Let's read a word first.

My turn, your turn.

Surprise.

We threw them a surprise party.

So you're saying you're not expecting it to happen.

Interestingly in this word, I've noticed that our UR here is making that u-se, surprise, UR representation there.

And then our SE is making that ending sound, but it sounds like a Z, doesn't it? Surprise.

So it doesn't sound like surprise.

It's surprise.

So the UR there is making that sort of u sound, se, and then our S-R-E at the end there are making that Z sound.

This is a curriculum word that's gonna appear a lot in our reading and writing, so it's really important we know how to spell it.

So my turn, your turn, one more time, surprise.

And remember, we got the UR in it for that S sound after the S.

And then at the end, it's SE for that Z.

So surprise, take a snapshot of it now.

Brilliant.

So with that in mind and with that mental snapshot you've got there and what we just considered to make that word tricky, which of these is the correct spelling of the word surprise? Pause the video and point to it now.

Fantastic.

So remember it's got that UR for the u and then it's got a Z at the end, a Z or a Zed.

It is an S with an E.

Surprise is how we spell that word.

Much to my surprise.

So spelling rules can help us know how to spell words, but there are no spelling rules for homonyms as we've said.

So we're gonna use some strategies for practise now.

Strategies for practise really help us to remember spellings even better, helps us to become confident when using them, and we notice a little bit more about those spellings.

There are loads of different strategies that we can use.

But today we're gonna use one of my favourites, which is pyramid letters.

Fantastic.

Can you say that for me? Pyramid letters.

Brilliant.

So let's try this with that curriculum word that you just looked at, surprise, which has a few tricky bits in it.

I start out by writing my S, and then I write S-U, and then S-U-R, and then S-U-R-P, S-U-R-P-R.

Do you see what's happening here? S-U-R-P-R-I.

S-U-R-P-R-I-S.

And then finally surprise, the full spelling at the bottom.

So we start at the top of our pyramid just with one letter, and then we keep adding a letter on the the following lines.

This is a really useful strategy in allowing us to look carefully at each part of the spelling of a word.

And it really embeds the spelling in the order of those letters in that word in our brains.

So the pyramid strategy helps us in several ways.

The key one is through visualisation.

We have to really look carefully at the spelling and pay close attention to each part of the word, particularly any tricky parts.

Then we repeat copying.

We copy the word out several times, starting with one letter and then adding the second letter and then the third on each line.

This helps us to focus on each letter in the word and the repeat copying helps us to remember.

Repetitive things will help you remember.

And finally, handwriting.

If we use our best cursive script, it's gonna build on that motor memory, that link between your hand and your brain.

So how does the pyramid strategy help us then? In which ways does it help us? Have a read of these A, B, C, and D, and decide in which ways it helps you.

Pause the video, select the correct ones now.

Off you go.

It makes us pay close attention to the spelling by looking at each letter in turn.

Hmm, by chunking the words into syllables.

Hmm, it helps us remember the spelling by repeat copying, and writing from memory helps reinforce the spelling in our mind.

Hmm, so let's think about this.

It definitely makes us play close attention because we have to look at each letter and we definitely have to repeat copying.

It's not going to help us by chunking the word into syllables.

We're not doing the colour blocking, are we? And then we also aren't having to write from memory.

We can have the word there in front of us and we repeat copying out each part and it's really embedding that in our memory.

So I'd like you to choose three words to practise using the pyramid strategy with now.

Choose the words that you have found most difficult from today's lesson.

Perhaps one of our curriculum words like surprise and perhaps some of those homonyms that we've looked at that maybe have different pronunciations like bass or bass.

Pick those words now and have a go at using the pyramid strategy.

Off you go.

Great job, team.

So here are the words that I chose.

I chose surprise, bass or bass, and tyre, which can also have those different meanings 'cause we're looking at homonyms. You can see that I've managed to write about using my pyramid strategy.

One letter of the word each at a time and another letter then added on the next line.

Did you manage to spell them correctly? Do you have any corrections to make? Really importantly, did you have fun? Which is your favourite pyramid strategy? Share that with me now.

Show me or show someone around you and make any corrections.

Pause the video.

Off you go.

So onto our final learning cycle then, which is applying spellings within a sentence.

We are going to write a sentence containing some of our focus spellings, so some of those homonyms, so be careful.

When we write the whole sentence, we have to do several things at once.

So let's make sure we're ready for this now.

We need to remember the whole sentence.

We need to sound out each word.

We need to think about spelling rules.

Remember, there are no spelling rules for homonyms. We need to look out for common exception and curriculum words.

Think about that curriculum where we looked at surprise.

And remember sentence punctuation, capital letters, full stops, and any other commas or apostrophes that might come into our sentences.

So I'd like you to just listen to me, first of all, say the sentence to you.

So just use your amazing hearing and listen to me.