Lesson video

Hi there, and welcome to today's spelling lesson.

I'm Mr. Moss.

I love spelling and I'm really looking forward to teaching you.

With you today, you need to bring your looking eyes, your listening ears, and your thinking brains.

As well as that something to write with and write on and someone or something to talk to would be great as well.

Let's get right into today's spelling lesson then.

In today's lesson, we're going to be spelling words with the prefixes de-, re-, sub- and super-.

The outcome is I can understand the meaning of words by using the prefixes D-E, R-E, S-U-B, and S-U-P-E-R, de-, re-, sub- and super-.

Here are the key words for today's learning.

I know there's only two, but my turn, your turn.

Make sure I can hear you saying them, and please keep an eye out for them in today's learning.

My turn, your turn.

Prefix, root word, brilliant.

Let's have a little chat about what these mean them.

A prefix is a letter or group of letters added to the start of a word to change its meaning.

And it's really important that we know the difference between this and a suffix.

This is a group of letters or letter at the start of a word attached to it.

The root word is that base word from which other words are formed often by adding a prefix or a suffix.

So today, we are going to be taking root words and adding a prefix to them, letters at the beginning of that word to create a new word and to change that word's meaning.

Here is the outline then.

We're spelling words with the prefixes de-, re-, sub- and super-.

And we're gonna look at those prefixes in lots of detail in our first learning cycle.

Then we're going to be spelling words using these prefixes.

Let's get on with looking at these prefixes then.

A prefix is a letter or group of letters added to the start of a word that change its meaning.

So here, we have the root word kind, and I'm adding the prefix un.

It creates the word unkind.

So not to be kind.

Here, I have the root word happy.

And you can see my jigsaw piece where my prefix un has been attached to the beginning to create a new word unhappy, meaning not happy.

So our prefix un means not.

Prefixes can have different meanings.

Here, we have the prefix pre, which means before and view, which means to see something.

If you preview something, you see it before.

Understanding prefixes can help us to work out the meaning of unfamiliar words 'cause quite often if we know the meaning of the prefix and we know the meaning of the root word, we then can combine them to know the meaning of the new word that's been formed.

Let's have a look at this word prefix in this bit more detail then 'cause it actually itself does contain a prefix of sorts.

So we can split the word into pre and fix.

Let's have a look at this part pre first.

Pre is a prefix meaning before, so coming before something, and we get this from the Latin prae or prae.

Fix then is the word itself, isn't it? Which means to attach something, something, to add something to it.

And we get this from the Latin figere.

So prefix means to attach something before something.

And that's what we do with prefixes.

We attach a letter or group of letters before the root word, don't we? A prefix is a letter or group of letters added to the start of a word to change its meaning.

So let's have a read of some words.

My turn, your turn.

Defrost, delay, return, recycle, Defrost, delay, return, recycle, submarine, subtract, superhero, supermarket.

submarine, subtract, superhero, supermarket.

What do you notice about all of these words then? What can you see? Pause the video.

What prefixes do you see here being used? Good job, team.

Absolutely, I can see a number of prefixes being used here.

I can see the prefixes de-, re-, sub-, and super.

So all of these words begin with prefixes and here they are, de-, re-, sub-, super-.

Notice as well, in some instances, I have a root word that has stayed the same, but in other instances, I don't have root words.

We're having a conversation about this in a little bit.

So we will investigate how these prefixes inform the meaning of the words, so the meaning of the prefix, how they change the meaning of the root word or the group of letters that they've been attached to.

What do these words mean? What do they have in common? So my turn, your turn.

Reappear, rebuild, recycle.

I'd like you to pause the video.

What do you think these words might mean? And what do you think they all have in common? Pause the video and have a think.

Great, well, I can see in terms of what they have in common.

They all have a particular prefix, don't they? They all have that prefix re-.

Let's have a think about what they might mean then.

Reappear means to appear again, rebuild means to build again, and recycle means to make something able to be used again, to be able to use something again.

So you might notice here that in each of these definitions, we have that word again and that's because that prefix re- means to do something again.

Reappear, appear again.

Rebuild, build again.

Recycle, to make use of something again.

So that prefix re- means again and we add it to the beginning of words to show that that word is happening again.

So here we are re-, again.

The prefix re- means again.

Say that for me.

The prefix re- means again, brilliant.

Have a look at these words then.

What do they have in common? What do you think they might mean? Decompose, deflate, like you might do of a balloon, de-ice.

What do you notice? What do they have in common and what do you think they might mean then? Pause the video, have a think.

Good job, team.

So we have decomposed, deflate, de-ice.

They all have that prefix de-, don't they? Let's have a think about what they might mean then.

Decompose means to rot, and it's the opposite of compose, which means to form.

So it's where something rots.

So fruit and vegetables might decompose if you put them into a composter or a bin, a food waste bin.

Deflate means to release the air and it's the opposite of inflate.

So if you deflate something, it means the air comes out of it.

If you inflate, you put the air in.

If it deflates, the air comes out like a tyre might deflate or a balloon might deflate.

And de-ice means to melt.

It's the opposite of freezing.

So you might notice here this prefix de- added to these root words means opposite.

So it's the opposite of something.

So de- means the opposite.

A hyphen, as you can see here with de-ice is sometimes used when two vowels are placed together to make the word clearer to read.

Otherwise, the vowels might be considered to be a digraph.

So it's de-ice.

The prefix de- then means the opposite or undo.

Decompose means the opposite of composing, so as something breaks down.

Deflate, the opposite of inflating, and de-ice the opposite of freezing.

So what do these prefixes usually mean? Let's have a check and see if you've been paying attention.

What does de- mean? What does re- mean? Pause the video, have a think.

Good job, team.

So de- means the opposite.

That's what that prefix means.

The opposite or to undo and re- means to do again.

I think these prefixes are opposites of each other.

Yes, they are in a way, aren't they? The prefix de- is reversing an action and the prefix re- is making that action happen again.

So you can see them as being opposites.

So I'm gonna show you some more prefixes now in action.

Have a look, have a look at these words.

Think about what they have in common, and also think about what these words might mean then so we can understand what this prefix means.

We have submarine.

My turn, your turn.

Subheading, that you might have if you're writing a non-chron report.

Subtropical, so what do you notice? What do all these words have in common and what do you think they might mean? Pause the video and have a think.

Lovely, some great conversations going on there.

So they all contain this word sub, don't they? They have the prefix sub- at the beginning.

So let's think about what this word sub might be doing to these root words.

Submarine means something under the surface of the sea, sub meaning under there, and marine meaning the sea.

Subheading is a heading that comes under the main title.

I think I'm noticing a pattern here.

I'm seeing that word under again and again.

Let's think about subtropical then.

Subtropical means nearly tropical.

Okay, so let's have a think about what this word might mean then sub.

So we can see the prefix sub- here in all of them.

And that prefix sub- means under or nearly.

The prefix sub- means under or nearly, meaning under something or nearly like something or near to.

So let's have a look at some more prefixes.

So far we've looked at de-, re-, and sub-.

I think we've got one more prefix to look at in this lesson, the prefix super-.

So have a look at these words.

What do they all have in common and what do you think the words might mean? My turn, your turn.

Supermarket, superhero, so both of these words contain the prefix super-, supermarket, superhero.

Let's think about what they mean then.

A supermarket is a very large market.

It's larger than a normal market.

A superhero is a hero with extraordinary powers, not just your normal hero.

So super then means, here, our prefix super- means large or extraordinary, so it means above the normal.

So it means greater than what's something you would normally expect to see.

Not just a normal hero, not just a normal market, but a supermarket or a superhero.

So exceeds the norm, okay? It's larger and more powerful.

So what do these prefixes mean? Let's see if you've been paying attention.

We have here the prefix super- and the prefix sub-.

Pause the video.

What do they mean? Think about some of the words that contain them.

Brilliant, so super means above, okay, greater than the norm, larger or greater.

And sub means under or nearly not quite the norm.

Again, these are previously, like we looked at de- and re- being opposites, sub- and super- are both opposites as well.

Super- means above the norm, better.

Sub-, okay, can mean under or not quite the norm nearly, so they're opposites.

So what is the matching prefix for these definitions? We have four definitions.

A is under or nearly, B is again, C is above, and D is make the opposite or undo.

And we have our four prefixes we're looking at in today's lesson, re-, super-, de-, and sub-.

I'd like you to match the prefix to its definition.

Pause the video and do this now.

Good job, team.

Let's see how you've done them.

So A.

under or nearly is sub.

Again is re-, recycle, redo.

Above is super-, okay, above the norm, greater or more powerful than.

And D.

make the opposite undo is de-.

Remember, sub- and super- are opposites and re- and de- are opposites.

So here are some other words containing the prefixes de-, re-, sub-, and super-.

Use your knowledge of the meaning of the prefixes to try and explain or predict what you think each word means then.

So we have A, B, C, and D.

We have rewrite, subway, superstar, and detangle.

I'd like you to have a think about what you think they mean.

You know what the prefix means.

You may recognise parts of the root word or the words that the prefix has been added to.

So let me try and figure out what you think each word means.

Predict, if you will.

Have a think, pause the video now.

Some brilliant thinking going on there, well done.

So let's have a think about what these words mean then.

Rewrite means to write something again 'cause we know that prefix re- means again and we know the word write is literally to write.

So rewrite means you write it again or in a different way.

Subway, let's think about this.

You might walk through a subway.

We know sub means under and way is a place you might walk.

So a subway could be a train system that runs underground or it could be a way to walk through that goes under something.

Remember, sub means under.

Superstar, where we have our prefix super- there, which we know means above the normal, greater than.

So a superstar is a very famous person.

So not just a regular star, okay, but superstar.

Someone who's known by lots and lots of people, very successful.

And finally, detangle.

Well, we know that word de- means to undo, don't we? And tangles are knots that might be perhaps in your hair.

So perhaps your hair is tangled.

You might need to detangle your hair.

So detangle means to remove knots or tangles.

Brilliant, see how you did? Did you get those definitions correct? Did you make good predictions? Pause the video and have a look.

So onto our practise task then.

I've got here a table that has in the headings are prefixes we're looking at today, de-, re-, sub-, and super.

I'd like you to put the words below into the correct column according to their prefix.

The words that we have are supermarkets, return, subtract, recycle, submarine, delay, superhero, detangle.

Pause the video now.

Put those words into the correct columns.

Off you go.

Brilliant, let's see how you've done then, team.

So here were our words that we were looking at.

Here are them sorted.

Delay and detangle both have our prefix de-.

Return and recycle both have our prefix re-.

Subtract and submarine both have our prefix sub-, and supermarket and superhero have our prefix super-.

Remember, de- means to undo, re- means to do again, sub- means under or near, and super- means above, beyond the norm, greater than.

Remember, de- and re- are opposites and so are sub- and super-.

Pause the video and see if you manage to sort them correctly.

Onto then our next learning cycle, the final learning cycle of this lesson.

We're gonna have a go at spelling some of the words using the prefixes that we've been looking at.

Remember, the prefixes we've been looking at are de-, re-, sub-, and super-.

And you should by now, hopefully, know what they mean as well.

So let's read a word.

Here is the word.

My turn, your turn, guide, guide.

The tour guide showed me around the wonderful museum.

Guide, so have a look at this word for me.

What do you notice about the spelling? Is there something a bit strange about it compared to the way it sounds, compared to the way it's spelt? Pause the video and have a think.

Okay, so I think there's one thing in particular about this word that I've noticed and that is the fact that it has the silent u in it.

When I say the word guide, I don't say guide, do I? I say guide, it sounds like just an I sound so that you and I there are working together to make one sound, aren't they? Almost like a digraph.

This is making an I sound.

This is a curriculum word, so it's really useful for us to notice.

It's gonna appear a lot in our reading and writing.

So be careful with the spelling of the word guide, okay? If you guide something or somebody, it has that naughty u in it, which we don't hear clearly.

It's almost like a silent letter.

So knowing that, which of these is the correct spelling of the word guide? Point to it now.

Good job, let's have a look.

The first one definitely makes phonetic sense, doesn't it? Gu-i-de, but we know there's a naughty letter somewhere in there, isn't there? It's our naughty u.

And don't forget it has that E at the end as well.

So correct spelling is this one, G-U-I-D-E, guide.

The guide showed me around.

So the spelling of the root word does not change when we add the prefixes de-, re-, sub-, super-.

You may have noticed that when we we are looking at those words earlier.

So I have here my root word play and I add the prefix re-.

It becomes replay.

Look, my root word has not changed at all.

Here, I have the root word title and I've got my subtitle now.

So that title underneath the main title.

And then I've got market and I'll create supermarket that are larger than a normal market, and clutter, which means for there to be lots of mess everywhere.

I might declutter, which means to undo that mess, get rid of the mess, have it tidy.

Notice how play, title, market, and clutter have not changed in their spelling at all here.

So if you know the spelling of the root word and the prefix as we do now, de-, re-, sub-, super-, then we can work out the spelling of the new word because we know that neither of them is going to change, that prefix or that root word aren't going to change.

But not all words containing the prefixes de-, re-, sub- and super- will have root words that we recognise.

And this is really fascinating.

Let's have a look here.

We have the root word vise here, which is not necessarily a word, is it? But we do have our prefix super-.

I have the prefix de- and I have stroy, that is the word that it's been added onto here.

Re- and I have spect.

Now, vise, stroy, and spect are not words that will make sense on their own.

And here, we have substance.

So we have sub that's been added to stance.

Now, in this instance, stance can be a word, but it's not meaning the same thing that we want it to mean when added with substance here.

So this is because of the complex way that English has developed over time.

Etymologically, lots of different languages, lots of different things have influenced the way English has developed.

So some of these words are no longer words or they're derived from words that are no longer in use, which is really fascinating.

Or they're part of words that have been changed over time.

So remember, some of the prefixes will not have root words that we recognise.

So choose the correct spelling here for me.

The root word is light.

Pause the video, select the correct spelling from A, B, or C now.

So the correct spelling for here for the word delight or delight, okay, is that prefix de-.

Now, while my root word light is not going to change its spelling, so that's gonna stay the same L-I-G-H-T and it's de- as our prefix we've been looking at.

So it's D-E-L-I-G-H-T.

Now, the first one there I could see making phonetic sense delight cause the D-E does sound a bit like a D-I, doesn't it, de? So the prefix de- can sometimes sound like de, like delight.

Remember, the prefix can help us to spell it right.

So remember that that prefix is always D-E, okay? It's not gonna be D-I sounds, maybe sometimes like a D-I, but it's D-E.

And the prefix spelling's not gonna change and our root word spelling's not gonna change here, so delight.

The root word is pair here.

So select the correct spelling here, please, for repair.

Pause the video, off you go.

Good job, team.

So let's have a look, repair.

Now, be careful with this one because it does sound like that R-I again, doesn't it? The same with delight that we had before, but we know our prefixes R-E, re-, isn't it? And then pair, P-A-I-R, is going to be our root word there.

So repair is spelled like this.

Remember, re- can also sound like R-I.

Knowing that spelling of our prefix, okay, is going to help us there, it's R-E.

So I'm gonna give you some words down, okay? You are gonna have a go writing these words for me.

The words that I'm going to give you are recycle.

Recycle, be sure to recycle the plastic and cardboard that you use.

Number two is delight.

She took great delight in telling her story.

If you're delighted, it means you take great happiness in something.

Three, subtract, subtract that number from that number, subtract.

And the final one, supermarket, supermarket.

I went shopping at a huge supermarket.

I'll say them one more time, recycle, delight, subtract supermarket.

Pause the video and have a go at writing these words now, off you go.

Great job, team.

Let's see how you've done them.

So the first word we were looking at was recycle.

Be careful with this one.

We know our prefixes re- spelled R-E, and then it's cycle that has that soft C and C-Y-C-L-E.

So our correct spelling is this one here, recycle, brilliant, which means to use again.

Remember, re- means again.

Next word was delight, okay, delight.

So here, it sounds like D-I, doesn't it, delight? But we know it's our D-E prefix, isn't it? D-E, and then our word light.

Our root word is not going to change that light.

So the correct spelling is this one here.

Remember, D-E is our spelling for that prefix.

So our next one was subtract.

Here, my prefix is sub-, S-U-B.

The spelling for that prefix isn't going to change and I'm definitely not going to be adding anything to the root word.

So subtract is spelled like this.

And finally, supermarket.

Now, it might sound a bit like market, I-T, but we know market, we don't pronounce it market, but we know it's an E-T spelling at the end.

And then I have my prefix super-.

So my correct spelling is this one here, supermarket.

Really well done all.

What successes have you had? Have you made any matching mistakes? Pause the video, share those successes, share those mistakes, and make any corrections now.

Off you go.

Great spelling today.

Today, we've been looking at some prefixes de-, re-, sub-, and super-.

Remember, a prefix is a letter or group of letters that we add the start of a word to create a new word.

The prefixes de-, re-, sub-, and super- can be added to the beginning of a word without changing the spelling of the root word.

The prefix de- can mean undo, and re- can mean again.

Remember, they're opposites.

And the prefix sub- can mean under and super- can mean above or greater than.

Brilliant, keep up the great spelling, everyone.

And I'll see you again soon.