Lesson video

Hello, and welcome to this lesson, adverbial complex sentences subordination with as.

Our learning outcome today is, you can use subordination with as in an aerial complex sentence.

Let's have a look at our keywords for today's learning.

My turn, your turn.

Subordinating conjunction.

Simultaneous.

Preposition.

Adverbial clause.

Adverbial complex sentence.

Great job.

Some new words in there.

Let's have a look at their definitions.

You know that a subordinating conjunction is a word that starts adverbial clause.

Simultaneous means at the same time.

A preposition is a word or words that can tell the reader where the noun is.

An adverbial clause is a type of subordinate clause that starts with a subordinating conjunction.

And an adverbial complex sentence is a sentence formed of a main clause and an adverbial subordinate clause.

Our lesson outline looks like this today.

First, we'll look at as subordinating conjunction.

Then we'll look at prepositions.

Let's start with as subordinating conjunction.

First, let's listen to some sentences.

Birds can shelter in their nests when they are cold.

So that we don't get lost, let's take a map on the trip.

Because there's a rainstorm coming, we should wear coats.

We need to look after our bees, so let's learn more about them.

Now, I think lots of you will already be able to spot the main clause and the adverbial clause in each sentence.

But are the adverbial clauses, remember, those are the types of subordinate clause the groups of words that's contain a verb that don't make sense by themselves.

Are those adverbial clauses first or second in each sentence? You'll remember that an adverbial clause is a type of subordinate clause.

An adverbial clause must join to a main clause to make sense.

A full sentence cannot be made of one adverbial clause.

A full sentence has to be formed of a main clause joined to an adverbial clause.

And you'll remember from previous lessons, that an adverbial clause can come first or second in a complex sentence.

A subordinating conjunction always starts an adverbial clause whether the adverbial clause comes first or second.

So let's check your understanding so far.

An adverbial clause, A, starts with a subordinating conjunction.

B, is a type of subordinate clause.

C, is found in a compound sentence.

D, must join to a main clause to make sense.

Pause the video now as you choose which are true for an adverbial clause.

That's right.

An adverbial clause starts with a subordinating conjunction.

An adverbial clause is a type of subordinate clause and an adverbial clause must join to a main clause to make sense.

Great work.

Now you already know several different subordinating conjunctions.

You know because, when, so, that, if.

This is a brand new subordinating conjunction to learn.

It's called my turn, your turn.

As.

As is really useful for stating simultaneous action.

Now you'll remember that simultaneous is one of our keywords.

It means at the same time.

Let's see some simultaneous action in a couple of sentences with a picture.

The crowd clapped as the muscular horse jumped over the wall.

I've given you a picture of that horse jumping over the wall.

We can't see the crowd clapping, but in our sentence we can see and hear and read two things happening at the same time.

The first thing is the crowd clapping.

The second thing is the muscular horse jumping over the wall.

Let's read it one more time.

The crowd clapped as the muscular horse jumps over the wall.

We have action happening at the same time or simultaneously.

As the sun shone brightly, the aeroplane flew.

Two things happening simultaneously.

In the first sentence about the crowd clapping and the horse.

Main came first, the crowd clapped.

Adverbial came second, as the muscular horse jumped over the wall.

In the second sentence, adverbial clause came first, as the sun shine brightly.

Main came second, the aeroplane flew.

And you can see as subordinating conjunction working hard, it starts the adverbial clause in each sentence.

So as is so useful for stating simultaneous action.

As also works in an adverbial complex sentence like any other subordinating conjunction, because, when, so, that, if.

If the adverbial clause comes first, a comma is placed after it.

If the main clause comes first, no comma is placed after it.

The child completed the task.

Main clause as no comma.

The teacher explained the instructions.

Here, the main clause comes first.

The adverbial clause comes second.

Starting with that subordinating conjunction as, no comma is needed after the main clause, and before the adverbial clause.

And the action is happening simultaneously.

Let's read it one more time.

The child completed the task as the teacher explained the instructions.

And let's swap the position of the clauses.

Now let's put the adverbial clause first.

Starting with that subordinating conjunction as.

As the teacher explained the instructions, I need a comma after adverbial clause first, here comes the main, the child completed the task.

Let's read the whole sentence back.

As the teacher explained the instructions, the child completed the task.

Adverbial clause first, then the comma, then the main clause.

Let's check your understanding so far.

Circle the subordinating conjunctions in this group of words.

Pause the video now as you do that.

You are right, so, when, because, as, are the four subordinating conjunctions on the screen.

Snake, table, beach, these are all common nouns.

For your first task today, I would like you to choose which main clause below works best to complete this sentence and add it to the adverbial clause.

I've given you the adverbial clause as the skillful football player opened her sports bag, and you need to choose outta the three which main clause is best to complete the sentence.

Here are your options.

She took out a knife and fork.

She closed her bag.

She looked at her favourite boots.

Which one of those main clauses completes the sentence that starts with the adverbial clause? As the skillful football player opened her sports bag the best.

And once you've chosen, remember when you write it down to include the correct punctuation.

We have adverbial clause first.

Pause the video now as you complete task one.

Great job.

Let's see how I completed my adverbial clause complex sentence.

As the skillful football player opened her sports bag comma, after adverbial clause first, then the best main clause was, she looked at her favourite boots.

It couldn't have been that she pulled out a knife and fork from her sports bag, would be very unusual to have a knife and fork in a sports bag.

And it couldn't have been that she closed her bag, because remember, as works with simultaneous action, we can't open and close a bag at the same time.

So it could not have been she closed her bag.

It must have been she looked at her favourite boots.

Hmm, I wonder if you have an item that you use for sports that's your favourite.

Maybe a tennis racket, maybe some trainers, maybe some football boots.

Great work, everyone.

Now it's time to move on to our second section of our lesson all about prepositions.

Now there is a new grammar term to learn.

How exciting.

We are doing so much amazing learning together.

The term is my turn, your turn, preposition.

Amazing.

Now a preposition can tell us where a noun is.

Remember, a noun is a person, place, or thing.

Prepositions are really useful in clauses to tell us where the noun is.

Prepositions are words like these, above, across, against, among, behind, below, between, in, near, next to, under, upon.

And there are more in English.

There are so many prepositions that can tell us where a noun is.

Here are just 12 of them.

Now, some of them you'll spot.

We use lots and lots in English, and some we don't use so often.

You can see that next to is a preposition made of two words.

All the others are made of one word.

Let's listen to some sentences.

The horse is standing proudly near a jump.

This is one main clause.

We've got one group of words that contains a verb standing that makes complete sense, so it forms a simple sentence all by itself.

Have you ever seen a horse in a field? Again, I've got one main clause.

It's a question, so it's a question.

Simple sentence.

It's made of one complete group of words that contains a verb and it makes complete sense.

A brown horse is among the grass.

Again, one main clause.

One simple sentence contains a verb and makes complete sense and this verb is a trickier verb.

It's a being verb, is.

Well done if you spotted is being verb.

And finally it's hooves clutter upon the stones.

Another simple sentence formed of one main clause with that doing verb clutter.

But I'm not checking for simple sentence understanding.

Where are the prepositions? Where are the words that tell us where the noun is? Well, in the first example, let's find the noun and then find the preposition.

In sentence one, I actually have two nouns.

I have the horse, a jump/ Horse jump in this context are both things.

So which word tells the reader where one of those nouns is? The word is near.

Near is the word that tells us where the horse is.

The horse is standing proudly near a jump.

In the second example, have you ever seen a horse in a field? Which word tells us where the noun is? The word is, in, that is our preposition.

In the third example, a brown horse is among the grass.

Where is our horse? Among is the preposition.

It's among the other noun, among the grass.

And in the final example, where are the horses hooves? Upon the stones.

Upon is the preposition that tells us where the horse's hooves are cluttering.

Let's check your understanding so far.

Circle the prepositions, pause the video now.

You are right.

Between, under, across, among, in and next to are the prepositions.

These are all the words that can tell us where the noun is in a clause.

The other four words, because, when, as, so, I hope you noticed are all subordinating conjunctions, great work.

Now prepositions can be super useful with as subordination.

Let's have a look.

The child jumped under the table.

There's that preposition under.

I've made it bold so it's even easier to see.

As he noticed the spider on the ceiling.

On is my second preposition.

It's telling us where the spider is in the second adverbial clause.

The child jumped under the table as he noticed the spider on the ceiling.

Let's have a look at it reversed.

Let's put the adverbial clause first.

As he noticed the spider on the ceiling comma after adverbial clause first.

The child jumped under the table.

I've just swapped the position of the clauses.

Let's have another look.

I spotted a poisonous jellyfish next to me as I swam between the rocks.

Goodness me, that's a stressful day in the ocean.

There's a jellyfish next to me as I swam between the rocks.

Let's swap the position of the adverbial main clause now and put the adverbial first.

Remember, we need the comma.

As I swam between the rocks, I spotted a poisonous jellyfish next to me.

I have my adverbial clause first, then my comma, then my main clause.

Three moths fluttered above the table as two spiders crawled below it.

Above and below are my two prepositions.

The first is in the main clause, the second is in the adverbial clause, and above and below are opposite seat of each other.

Let's swap the position of the clauses.

As two spiders crawled below it, there's my comma after my adverbial clause.

Three moths fluttered above the table.

Adverbial clause first, then the comma, then the main, and in each clause I've got a preposition.

Let's have a look at one more example.

Children were playing among each other.

Among is the preposition.

As the teacher was standing against a wall.

Against is the second preposition in the adverbial clause.

And let's swap the clause position.

As the teacher was standing against a wall comma, children were playing among each other.

I've swapped the position of the adverbial and the main clause, but I've kept a preposition in each clause to tell my reader where the nouns are.

So prepositions can be so useful with as subordination.

Let's check your understanding so far.

True or false? There is a preposition in this sentence.

Ducks swim happily in the river.

Is it true or false that there's a preposition in that sentence? Pause the video now as you choose.

You are right, it's true.

In is the preposition that tells me where the noun is and my justification, prepositions can tell us where a noun is.

Prepositions are not naming words for people, places, or things.

We know that those are nouns.

Nouns are naming words for people, places or things.

Great work.

So for task two, I would like you to choose one preposition and write it in an adverbial clause that starts with as.

Here are some prepositions to help you.

You just need to choose one.

You can write your adverbial clause about anything you like.

I suggest thinking about an interesting setting like a forest or an ocean, or a park, and pick your preposition first, then choose your adverbial clause that starts with as subordinating conjunction.

Pause the video now as you choose and write your adverbial clause.

Now let's check.

Does your adverbial clause include a preposition? Does your adverbial include as subordinating conjunction? And does your adverbial clause include a verb? Because remember, any clause is a group of words that contains a verb.

Pause the video now as you check those three things.

Great work.

And here are some example adverbial clauses I wrote for you.

I chose the preposition near and here are my two examples.

As we saw a predator near us, as I spotted a terrifying thing near us.

Great work.

Now for task three, you are going to choose a different preposition, and this time write it in a main clause.

Here are some prepositions to help you.

You need to pick a different one and write it into a main clause.

Now your main clause can be about anything that is linked to your first adverbial clause.

If you have chosen a setting in a park or an ocean or anywhere that you thought of for your adverbial clause, you need to keep that setting the same, so that your two clauses can link.

First, choose your preposition, then think of your main clause, then write your full main clause including your preposition.

Pause the video now.

Great work.

Now let's check your main clause.

Does your main clause include a preposition? Does your main clause make complete sense? And critically, can your main clause join to your first as adverbial clause that you wrote in task two? Read your clause back, check it carefully and make any edits as you pause the video now.

Great work, and here are some example clauses I wrote for you.

I chose the preposition next to and here are my main clauses.

We grabbed a rock next to us.

I was swimming next to my friend.

Great work, everyone.

Now for task four, I would like you to write a complete as adverbial complex sentence with a preposition in each clause.

Now you can choose the position of your main and your adverbial clause.

Are you going to put main first or adverbial first? If you're putting adverbial clause first, you must remember your common rule after it and before the main clause begins.

Each clause must contain a preposition.

You can use your two clauses from tasks two and three and put them together to make a complete adverbial complex sentence.

Pause the film now as you complete your sentence.

Next, I'd like you to check your sentence carefully.

Does your sentence include two prepositions, one in each clause? Does your sentence make sense when you read the whole thing back? Have you remembered your capital letter, comma if you need one, and you know the comma rule, and a full stop? Read your sentence back, check it carefully and make your edits.

Pause the video now.

Excellent work.

Now let's have a look at some example sentences I wrote for you.

As we saw a predator near us, we grabbed a rock next to us.

You can see I've put together my first adverbial clause from task two with my second main clause from task three.

And I've remembered my common rule, as adverbial clause first, comma, main clause second.

And in my second example, I was swimming next to my friend as I spotted a terrifying thing near us.

You can see this time I've put main clause first, adverbial clause second, therefore, no need for a comma.

And I have used my main and my adverbial clauses from tasks two and three and put them together.

Great work everyone.

Wow, what's a lot of learning we've done about adverbial complex sentences, subordination with as.

Let's summarise.

As is a subordinating conjunction that starts an adverbial clause.

As is useful for stating simultaneous action.

If two actions are simultaneous, they happen at the same time.

Prepositions can tell us where nouns are.

Fantastic work, everyone.

Now I'd like you to go to the Exit Quiz, consolidate all your learning from this lesson, and I really look forward to seeing you in our next lesson together.