Lesson video

Hello, and welcome to today's spelling lesson.

I'm Mr. Moss, I love spelling, and I'm really looking forward to teaching you.

With you today, you need to bring your looking eyes, your listening ears, and your thinking brains.

As well as that something to write with and someone or something to talk to would be great as well.

Let's get into today's learning then.

So in today's lesson, we're going to be changing nouns from singular to plural.

Quite a long outcome.

"I can turn nouns from singular to plural when I add the suffix S, or by changing the y to an I and adding the suffix es." So we're gonna be adding some suffixes, some letters, or a group of letters to the end of some nouns today to create plurals.

Here are the key words for today's learning.

My turn, your turn.

Suffix, plural, singular, root word, noun.

Let's have a think about what these mean then.

A suffix is a letter or group of letters added to the end of a root word.

And we're gonna be adding the suffix S or es to the end of words today to turn 'em into plurals.

Plural means more than one.

Singular means only one.

So we're taking singular nouns today and we're making them plural.

A root word is the base word from which other words are formed, often by adding prefixes or suffixes.

And a noun is a naming word for people, places, or things.

So we're gonna be using some nouns today.

Nouns are gonna be our root words, and we're gonna be adding suffixes to turn those singular nouns into plural nouns.

Here's the outline for today's learning.

We're changing nouns from singular to plural.

In the first learning cycle, we're gonna be creating plurals.

And then in the second learning cycle, we're going to have a go at spelling some words with plurals.

Let's get on with looking at our rules for generating or creating plurals then.

So common nouns name people, places, or things.

They do not need to have a capital letter like proper nouns unless they come at the beginning of a sentence.

Common nouns can be singular or plural.

Remember that word singular means one of them.

That word plural means more than one.

Both single and singular mean only one.

If a noun is plural, it means there's more than one of that noun.

So looking here, I can see my singular car, only one car.

And if I look over here, I can see plural, more than one, two cars.

So notice my noun in singular there was car.

My noun in plural was cars, indicating that there's more than one.

True or false? Plural means there is only one.

Pause the video and select the correct answer.

Good job.

Plural means there is only one.

Well, that is false, isn't it? Only one means single or singular.

Plural means more than one.

The spelling of a noun changes if it is plural.

And think back to what we're learning about today.

We're adding some suffixes, aren't we, to the end of words.

Sometimes we can just add the suffix S to the root word, that root noun without changing it, and it becomes a plural noun.

So for instance, if I have the word girl here, singular, I can make that girls.

Tree.

I planted a tree.

There were many trees in the forest.

I'm just adding S to make it plural.

My singular noun here is spoon.

I need two spoons.

I just add a S.

And truck.

I saw many trucks driving down the road, just adding S to make it plural.

So we can see here often, we can just add that suffix S to the end of a word to the end of our noun, to show that there our then plural of that noun.

Girl becomes girls, tree becomes trees, spoon becomes spoons, and truck becomes trucks.

Which is the correct spelling for spoon? Sorry, the correct plural spelling for spoon.

So more than one of it.

Pause the video and choose from A, B, or C now.

Well done, team.

So let's look at A.

A is just the word spoon again.

That's my singular spelling, isn't it? And then I've got B and C.

Now, I don't think I've looked at adding that es suffix quite yet.

I think I would just add S here, wouldn't I? So my correct spelling of the plural of spoon is spoons.

S-P-O-O-N-S.

How did you do? So this is a case where we just have to add S to our root word, that singular noun to make our plural noun.

Spoon becomes spoons.

The suffixes S and es can both be used to show a word being plural.

So hen becomes hens.

I just add S.

Dog becomes dogs.

I just add S.

Here, bus becomes buses.

Now you may notice bus already ends in an S.

So if we were to just add an S to that, it might be confusing.

So here we add an es to signify the fact that that singular bus has become buses.

There are many buses driving down the road.

Dress is the same thing.

Dress already ends in a ss.

If I was to add a third S, might be a little bit confusing.

So here to denote to show that we then have plural of dress, dresses, the shop was filled with many dresses, I then add es.

Notice here, we want to add that es suffix to baby to make babies.

Something happens here, and we're gonna look at this more closely.

Notice my plural now.

Babies.

Remember, when we add suffixes, sometimes the root word stays the same.

Other times, the root word changes somewhat.

So you can see here, my Y has been removed, and I added that I before adding my es to show that plural of that noun.

Baby becomes babies, has that es suffix, and I've removed the Y and added an I.

There are different ways to show a plural noun.

Sometimes we just add an S.

Sometimes you might just add es.

And sometimes you might have to remove a letter from the root word, add an I, and then add our es.

We're gonna look at this more closely now.

Let's read these words.

Baby, babies.

Let's just read the plurals here.

Cherries, families, puppies, stories.

What do you notice about these spellings? What do all of the root words end in? What do all of our plurals end in? Do you notice there's something that's changed there in the root word? Pause the video and have a think.

Some really great conversations going on there.

Something I certainly notice is that from my root word, the Y is no longer in my suffix, in in my plurals.

I've added an es as well.

So these plural nouns all end in that es suffix.

The Y has been removed and changed to an I before my es suffix has been added.

And I can see that here, ies.

Baby has become babies.

Cherry has become cherries.

Family has become families, Puppy has become puppies.

And stories become stories.

The removal of that Y addition of an I and then my es suffix to show that I now have plural of these common nouns.

When the root word ends in a consonant and then a Y, the Y is replaced with an I before adding the suffix es.

It's really important when it ends in a consonant and then a Y.

And remember, consonants are those words that are created by the blocking of the air in the mouth through the use of the tongue, lips, teeth, or palettes.

P-T-L-M.

Let's look at this in action then.

Fairy.

Now there's, I have an R followed by a Y.

R being a consonant.

Y there making either that E or I vowel sound.

So I have to remove the Y and add an ies.

Party.

T there is a consonant coming before my Y, so I have to remove that Y and add ies.

Fly.

Notice this time, my Y spelling is making an I sound, but it's proceeded by a consonant, an L.

So I must remove the Y and add ies.

Which common noun is plural? Have a look at A, B, and C and select which one is plural.

What's the correct spelling as well? Off you go.

Well done, team.

Let's look at these then.

A is baby, is that plural? I'm not so sure.

That sounds singular to me.

That sounds like one baby.

B is babies.

That to me looks like a plural and sounds like one too.

And if it follows our rules that we've been looking at, we've removed the Y and added ies.

The Y was proceeded by a consonant, so we had to remove the Y and add our I before adding our es suffix to make it plural.

And the final one, C, dress.

Hmm, dresses would be plural, just adding es.

Dress is singular.

So our plural spelling there is babies.

So if the Y though comes after another vowel and is part of a digraph, so two letters making one sound, then we can just add S.

So boy becomes boys.

Many boys enjoyed the game.

Key becomes keys.

I have five keys on my key chain.

Tray becomes trays.

Please tidy your trays.

So remember, if our Y is part of a digraph and follows a vowel, so we can see here, O, E, and A, all vowels.

Then we can keep the Y and we just add S.

This is different to the rule we looked at before where our Y was proceeded by a consonant.

And then we removed that Y and added an I before adding an es to make it plural.

Select the correct spelling for each plural noun for me.

See if you've been paying attention, I'm sure you have.

So we have three sentences here.

I'll read them and you'll select the correct spelling.

Think about the rules that we've looked at.

There were lots of babies in the park.

The puppies were playing together.

Have you found your keys? Now think about two rules in particular here that we've looked at, which is if it's a consonant and a Y, remove the Y and add ies.

And if it's a vowel before the Y, we keep the Y and just add S.

Pause the video and select the correct spelling for each sentence now, off you go.

Well done, everyone.

So let's have a look at these.

There were lots of babies in the park.

My singular there is baby, which ends in a Y.

That Y is preceded by a consonant.

So I think I need to remove the Y and add ies.

So my correct spelling is this one here.

Puppy is the same.

The root word puppy is P-U-P-P-Y.

It's proceeded by consonant P and then a Y.

So I need to remove the Y and add ies, and keys.

Okay, like the keys you would need to open a door.

With this one, my root word is key, K-E-Y.

That's a vowel before my Y.

So I just need to add and estimate the plural.

Pause video and see how you did.

Remember, looking carefully at the root word will tell us how to spell our new word.

So we've generated three rules so far today.

In some words, we just add an S.

In some words, we have to remove the Y and add ies.

Remember, when that Y is preceded by a consonant letter.

And sometimes we can keep the Y and just add S.

And I guess that is part of our first rule that we generated there.

And remember, we keep the Y when the Y is proceeded by a vowel.

So here it is in action.

Just adding S, dog becomes dogs.

Girl becomes girls.

Houses, sorry, house becomes houses.

Notice how house ends in an E, so we just have to add the S.

Sometimes we have to remove the Y and make, add ies.

Party, story, and family.

When they become plural, all remove the Y and add ies.

And then we have that keep the Y and add S.

Toy, tray, and monkey all follow this pattern.

When we add an S, the root word stays the same.

When we remove the Y and add ies, that's because our Y there is proceeded by a consonant.

And that Y is making often an E or an I sound.

And when we keep the Y, it's because that Y at the end is part of a digraph and is preceded by a vowel letter.

O, A, or E in this instance in toy, tray, and monkey.

Keep these rules in mind for the rest of today's lesson.

So have a look here.

I've got some word pairs down below.

I've got the singular form, and then I've got my plural form.

Toy and toys, house and houses, fairy and fairies.

Hmm, which one follows which rule I wonder? I've got just add an S, remove the Y, and add ies.

And I've also got keep the Y and add S.

Hmm.

Pause the video and match these to the correct rule that's being used now.

Off you go.

Good job, everyone.

Can see some brilliant pointing and conversations and thinking going on there.

So this'll get toy to toys.

Well, it's quite straightforward, isn't it? I've just had to here add an S.

So adding an S would've worked here.

But remember, it follows that rule of we are keeping the Y, because that's a vowel letter before the Y, and it's a digraph, and then we just add an S.

So toy becomes toys.

House and houses, just adding an S there.

And fairy and fairies.

Think about this one.

There's a consonant letter before my Y.

I remove the Y and add ies.

Brilliant.

Pause the video.

See how you did.

So as a practise task here, what I'd like you to do is I'd like to put the root words into the correct column and show what will happen when we change the nouns from singular to plural.

So think about this.

I've got these root words, spoon, baby, toy, girl, daisy, and that's daisy as in the wildflower.

Tree, key, boy, family.

Really look carefully at those root words.

Are we just going to add an S? Do I need to remove a Y and add an ies? Or do I need to keep the Y and just add an S, because that Y is proceeded by a vowel? Hmm.

So I want you to put them in the correct columns and have a go at turning them into plurals.

Pause the video and do this for me now.

Brilliant job, team.

So let's see how you got on then.

Spoon became spoons, girl became girls, and trees became trees.

We just had to add S.

Baby, daisy, and family all end in a Y.

And they were proceeded by a consonant.

And they made an E or an I sound, didn't they? So we had to remove the Y and add ies.

And with toy, key, and boy, that Y was there at the end, but it was part of a digraph and was proceeded by a vowel.

So he just had to add an S.

Great job.

Pause the video, see how you did.

Onto then our next learning cycle.

We're going to be spelling words with plurals.

Let's read the following words.

My turn, your turn.

Early, probably.

What do you notice about these spellings? Is there anything tricky about them? Let's have a look at them one more time.

Early, probably.

Hmm.

Pause the video and have a think.

Lovely.

Had some great conversations there.

There's a couple of things that are tricky about each of these words.

The word early here looks like it has the word ear in it, but I don't pronounce it eerily, do I? I pronounce it early.

So it's E-A-R there, that spelling making an er sound, which you'd usually expect to be spelled just E-R, wouldn't you? The E-A-R is making the er sound like an earth and urn.

So be careful with that spelling.

In probably, it's got three syllables, which helps us to spell each section in turn.

Probably.

So be careful with that.

Probably.

But often it sounds like I pronounce it probably, so be careful with the way it's pronounced.

So the way it's spelled.

Which is the correct spelling here of the word early? A, B, or C? Point to it now, pause the video.

Good job, everyone, so you're pointing there.

Absolutely it is C.

Be careful.

It is making an er sound, which you might expect to be spelled E-R, just like the first one.

But we know it's that E-A-R, like the word earth.

Great job.

Which is the correct spelling of probably? Probably.

You probably know the answer.

Pause the video and point to it now.

Great job, everyone.

So let's have a look.

Remember, we have those three syllables.

Probably.

Hmm, the first one, probably.

Well, it kind of has three syllables, but I think I'm missing a sound there.

Probably.

Hmm.

And I know it's not probably, it's probably, but I often pronounce it like it sounds like it's probably, so the correct spelling is this one here.

Be careful with this word.

The spelling of the root word does not change when the suffix S is added.

So let's review our rules that we've been looking at.

Sometimes we just add S.

Flower here becomes flowers.

Step becomes steps.

I walked up the steps.

Truck becomes trucks.

Toy becomes toys.

Key becomes keys.

And remember, with toy and key, we're keeping the Y there.

I like the other rule we looked at, because it's part of a digraph is proceeded by a vowel.

So this is the same for the root words ending in a digraph, including a Y, such as toys.

So watch out.

The other rule that we've looked at is when the root word ends in a consonant and then a Y, we chop off that Y and we add then ies.

So fairy becomes fairies, baby becomes babies, family becomes families, story becomes stories.

So in these instances, we remove the Y's and then add ies.

If you know the spelling of the root word, then you can work out the spelling of the new word.

Choose the correct spelling.

The root word is step.

Pause the video and select the plural spelling now.

Well done, team.

Absolutely, our correct spelling is just going to add an S, steps.

I don't here need to do anything with an I or adding an es.

Have a look at this one though.

The root word is fairy.

I want you to point to the plural of fairy for me now.

Off you go.

Good job, team.

So the root word fairy ends in a Y, and it's preceded by a consonant.

It's also making that I sound, isn't it, E sound, isn't it? Fairy.

So I need to remove the Y and add ies.

So my correct spelling is this one here.

Good job if you remembered that rule.

So you're gonna have a go at writing some words now.

I'm gonna say the words to you.

Remember, we're spelling with plurals here.

So consider the suffixes that we would need to add to the end of these words.

So our words are my turn, your turn, daisies, stars, cherries, trays.

Now listen, daisies.

The meadow was filled with daisies.

Stars.

Many stars blanketed the sky.

I ate a whole punnet of cherries.

And trays, the chocolates came in trays of 12.

So daisies, stars, cherries, trays.

Consider the root word.

Remember, knowing the root word is gonna help you figure out how to spell the new word.

Pause the video, write those words for me now.

Off you go.

Excellent job, team.

Really well done.

Some brilliant application of our spelling rules.

Some lovely handwriting.

So let's have a look.

I've seen daisy as written in these ways.

Now I know my root word daisy ends in that Y.

Okay, that Y spelling for that E sound.

But let's think about this.

It's preceded by a consonant, so I need to chop off the Y and add ies.

So daisies is spelled like this.

D-A-I-S-I-E-S.

The next word was stars.

Now think about this one.

Star.

Star, hmm.

I think I might just need to add an S here.

Let's have a look.

Absolutely.

This is one of those words where to create the plural, we just add the suffix S.

So that's your correct spelling.

Cherry was our next one, cherry.

And similar to daisy here is that Y spelling in the root word at the end for that E sound.

So I need to remove that Y, add an I, and then my es.

So my correct spelling is this one here, ies.

And finally we had tray or trays as the plural, sorry.

So think about this.

It almost does sound a bit like a ch ch at the start, but it's not.

It's T, T, trays.

So, T-R-A-Y-S.

Just adding an S to turn this into a plural.

Really great job.

Pause the video, make any corrections, share your successes, and any magical mistakes with those around you.

Off you go.

Well done in spelling today, everyone.

Today we've been changing nouns from singular to plural.

Remember, we've been adding suffixes, and a suffix is a letter or group of letters added to the end of a word to create a new word.

Adding S or es to a noun creates a plural.

Remember, plural means more than one.

If the root word ends in a consonant and a Y, then the Y is replaced by an I before adding the suffix es.

If the root word ends in a vowel digraph like A or oy and a Y, then you can just add S.

Keep up the great spelling, everyone, and I'll see you again soon.