Lesson video

Hi there.

My name is Mister Byrne-Smith, and today I'm going to be teaching you spelling.

In today's lesson we're looking at compound nouns.

If you haven't watched lesson two of 10 yet, I really recommend that you go back and do it.

It will be very helpful for today's learning.

So come along, let's make a start and have some fun.

Here's the agenda for today's lesson.

First, we're going to look at some key vocabulary.

Then we're going to recap the spelling rules.

After that we'll learn a new strategy before finally, having a go at our test.

In this lesson you'll need an exercise book or paper, a pencil, and then of course your brain.

If you need to go and get any of these things pause the video now.

Okay, key vocabulary.

My turn, your turn.

Compound word.

Compound word is a word made up of two or more preexisting words.

Adjective.

An adjective is a word that describes a noun, it tells you what it's like.

Noun.

A noun is a person, place or thing.

Root word.

A root word is the most basic version of a word.

It has no prefixes or suffixes attached.

Okay, let's recap the spelling rules.

I'd like you to look at these words very carefully and see if you can figure out what they have in common.

Basketball and blackberry.

They're both examples of a certain type of word.

Pause the video now.

Okay, these are both examples of, compound nouns, which means they are nouns made up of two or more other words.

In this instance, we have basketball made up of basket and ball and blackberry made up of black and berry.

Let's just think about their word class.

We're not thinking about the individual parts of each word.

We're thinking about the words as a whole.

So first basketball and then blackberry.

What is basketball and what is blackberry? An adjective, a noun, or a verb.

Pause the video now.

Okay, these are both, nouns.

Whenever testing the word class of a word, it's really useful to put the word into a sentence.

That way you can figure out the role of the word in the sentence.

The basketball rolled across the floor.

So, it's not describing anything so it can't be an adjective.

It's a thing in this instance, noun's a person place or thing.

So therefore I think the basketball must be a noun.

It's definitely not a verb 'cause a verb is a doing or a being word.

That's how I might go about figuring out whether basketball is an adjective, a noun or a verb.

Okay, so these are both nouns made up of two or more other words.

These are what we refer to as compound nouns.

Let's look at basketball in a bit more detail.

Basketball is made up a basket and ball.

I'd like you to now figure out whether basket and ball are, adjectives, nouns, or verbs.

Remember, best way to do this is to put them in a sentence and see what their role is in that sentence.

Pause the video now.

Okay, basket and ball are both, nouns.

So here we have a compound noun made up of two nouns.

I wonder if the same is true with blackberry.

Blackberry is made up of black and berry, but what word class are black and berry? Pause the video now.

Okay.

Black is an adjective and berry is a noun.

So in this instance, we have a compound noun, blackberry made up of an adjective and a noun.

I wonder if we can establish a rule out of all of this.

Here I have two definitions for a compound noun.

I'd like you to help me decide which is correct.

Compound nouns are nouns made with two or more other words or nouns made with two or more other nouns.

Pause the video and have a think.

Okay, compound nouns are, nouns made with two or more other words.

As we've just seen, sometimes compound nouns are made up of adjectives and nouns.

So we couldn't say that compound nouns are nouns made with two or more other nouns.

That wouldn't be correct.

The example we saw a second ago was blackberry, made up of black, an adjective and berry a noun.

Okay, challenge number one.

Here we have some compound nouns.

They have been split in half into their individual base words and I've been jumbled up.

So we have the column on the left and we have the column on the right.

So, your job is to find the partner for each word.

Data, cup, table, and hand all have a partner from the other column, cloth, base, bag and board.

Pause the video and have a go.

Okay, so these all match up.

They all have a partner and they look like, this.

Data, base, cup and board make cupboard.

Table, cloth, hand, bag.

Now, obviously here we see them as individual words, but these could be combined into a solid compound noun, which is just one single word.

Let's look at this one in a bit more detail.

Cup and board make cupboard.

Now you can hear there, that the pronunciation changes.

Normally, when you combine two words to make a compound noun, the pronunciation of each word doesn't change.

For example, data and base become database.

In this instance, we have cup and board becoming cupboard.

So you sometimes have to be a bit careful about pronunciation.

Normally it's not an issue, but occasionally there's one to catch you out, just like this, cupboard.

Okay, let's talk about solid hyphenated and open compound nouns.

We're going to do that using this picture.

This is a container ship.

Container ship is a ship that carries containers.

Container ship can be written as either a solid hyphenated or open compound noun.

Solid, hyphenated and open.

Hyphenated compound noun combines the two words using a hyphen, which is the dash.

An open compound noun keeps the two words separate, whereas a solid compound noun which we have seen the whole way through this session so far, combines the words into one word.

Now the key about a compound now is whether or not it's solid, hyphenated or open.

It behaves as one thing.

As a single noun.

It is no longer two separate words.

It behaves as one combined word.

With regards to which to use, well, it mostly comes down to styles.

Different people like to use different types of compound nouns.

Different countries use a certain type more than other countries.

Sometimes you have to be a little bit cautious.

I will show you why.

Here we have two sentences.

The first uses an open compound noun.

The second uses a closed compound noun.

Can you pass the ball please? It's over by the black board.

The second is, can you pass the ball please? It's over by the blackboard.

Now you'll notice that they sounded identical.

However, when you read these, there is room for interpretation.

In the first instance, you could just be talking about a board that was black.

Now a board that's black is not necessarily the same thing as a blackboard.

A blackboard is something that teachers write on using chalk.

If you were trying to say a blackboard found in a classroom that teachers write on using chalk, in this instance, you'd probably be a bit safer to use the solid compound noun rather than the open compound noun.

Otherwise you're not necessarily getting across the exact meaning that you want to.

This is just worth being conscious of.

This doesn't often present a problem, but sometimes it does.

Okay, here we have a base word, sun.

This is a word that you can easily turn into a compound noun, by adding other words to it.

Sun can either come at the beginning or the end of the new word.

I'm going to give you an example, sunlight.

I'd like you to pause the video and see how many you can come up with in a minute.

Pause the video now.

Okay, these are the ones I came up with.

Sunshine, sunlight, sunshade, aftersun which is a kind of a cream you put on after you've got burnt in the sun.

And then suncream, which is something you put on before you get burned in the sun in an attempt to stop that happening.

Let's have a go with this picture.

In this picture, there are a variety of compound nouns.

I'd like you to see how many you can spot.

Now I've only spotted two.

I think there are two really obvious ones.

I'm sure there are more.

And I'm pretty confident that you're going to find them.

Pause the video now and have a go.

Okay, I found sunflower and flowerpots.

I wonder if you've found any extras.

I hope so.

Okay, it's time for us to learn a new strategy.

The strategy we're going to learn today is word in a word.

The word we're going to use to practise this strategy is grandmother.

Now when you do the word in a word strategy, the aim is to find and locate words within the word that you're practising.

In this instance, we have grandmother.

Now grandmother is obviously made up of two really obvious and clear words.

Grand and mother, but if you want to really challenge yourself, you'll look for other words,.

It's a really useful way of looking at the word differently.

So I'm going to have a go with grandmother and I found, moth, I found moth.

Okay, so moth is a kind of small, brown, furry wind insect, similar to a butterfly.

That's interesting, I never would have thought that grandmother has the word moth in it, unless I looked very carefully like I did here.

When I've located the word in a word, I like to write it out again, really big and in a different colour.

That way it really jumps out at me and I can see what I've done and I can see what I found.

Let's have another go.

This is the beauty.

You can often find more than one word.

So, here we have our word again, grandmother.

What can I find in grandmother? I can find, her, that's a good one.

Her's a really good one because actually it links to the meaning of the word.

And there it is written out bigger and in a different colour.

So it's very, very clear.

So, why is this a useful strategy? Well, I really like it.

Firstly because, it's good for growth mindset.

This means that you're admitting to yourself that there is some parts of the word that you don't know as well as other parts of the word.

And you're committing to finding out more about them.

This is how we improve.

It's really important to admit and acknowledge the things that we can't do especially well yet in order to improve on them.

Also it breaks the word down into chunks.

Each time you find a word in a word, you've broken it into a number of different chunks.

When you've broke a word down into chunks, it's easier to remember 'cause you only have to remember the chunks and put them together.

Finally, it helps you develop links and patterns between lots of different words.

So, by using this strategy, you soon discover that lots of different words are made up of the same chunks, which is really, really fascinating and interesting once you get going.

Okay, let's use our new strategy on some of this week's spelling words.

I'd like you to try with playground, blackberry and a whiteboard.

Pause the video now.

Okay.

Time for this week's test.

The first thing I'd like you to do is write numbers one to 10, very carefully.

Pause the video.

Okay, I'm going to read each word out and put it into a sentence.

I'd like you to take a deep breath, calm yourself, and also get ready to pause because you can pause after each word and you can take your time and you can try a variety of options for each word.

You don't have to just go with your first answer.

So relax, slow down, deep breath, take your time.

One, football, football.

They kicked the football so high they wondered if it would ever come back down.

Two, cloakroom.

Cloakroom.

Your coat is in the cloak room, don't forget it.

Three, breakfast, breakfast.

I forgot to have breakfast and now I'm starving.

Four, playground, playground.

They raced each other across the playground.

Five, fingerprint, fingerprint.

We each have a unique fingerprint.

Six, skyscraper, skyscraper.

London has a few skyscrapers.

Seven, sunlight, sunlight.

The sunlight is streaming in through the window.

Eight, grandmother, grandmother.

My grandmother makes the most delicious sugar cakes.

Nine, blackberry blackberry.

The waiter brought out an enormous blackberry pie.

10, whiteboard, whiteboard.

Face the whiteboard please children.

Okay, well done.

That's the end of the test.

Now we're going to go through the answers.

What, I'd like to make sure is that you write out the correct answer next to any that you got wrong.

This way, you can see how many letters you actually got right.

Because I bet, there's only a couple of letters that perhaps you've got the wrong way round or forgot.

So think carefully about what you've done and especially about what you've done well and what you've done correctly.

Number one, football.

F o o t b a l l.

Two, cloakroom.

C l o a k r o o m.

Three, breakfast.

B r e a k f a s t.

Four, playground.

P l a y g r o u n d.

Five, fingerprint.

F i n g e r p r i n t.

Six, skyscraper.

S k y s c r a p e r.

Seven, sunlight.

S u n l i g h t.

Eight, grandmother.

G r a n d m o t h e r.

Nine, blackberry.

B l a c k b e r r y.

10, whiteboard.

W h i t e b o a r d.

Okay, congratulations, that's the end of the lesson.

We've done a lot today.

We've done key vocabulary.

We've recapped rules.

We've learnt a new strategy and we've done our tests, so well done.

That's the end of the lesson.

Congratulations, bye.