Hi everybody, I'm Miss Gardner.

And welcome to today's handwriting lesson.

I'm really excited for today's lesson, because we are going to be practising our cursive handwriting.

But this time, by re-writing really famous quotations.

So, things that people have famously said in our neatest, cursive handwriting.

I think you're going to really enjoy it, so let's get started.

Your learning outcome for today's lesson is to correctly copy out famous quotations in cursive handwriting.

So, we'll start by looking at the key words.

Quotation.

A quotation is a word, phrase, or sentence, that is taken directly from someone's speech, or writing, and is presented within quotation marks to indicate it as someone else's words.

Inverted commas.

These are also known as quotation marks, and they are punctuation marks used to indicate the beginning and the end of direct speech, or a quotation.

Famous.

If someone is famous, they are known about by many people.

Join.

How the letters are connected together.

So there are two sections of our lesson today.

In the first, we will be doing a handwriting warmup; and then, we'll be reviewing and copying famous quotations.

We are not coming up with our own quotations today, that's not the purpose of the lesson.

We are looking at examples of famous quotations, and copying them in our neatest cursive handwriting.

So, let's start with our warmup.

Before we start, what are these pictures reminding you to do? Have a think, or task about this with your partner or class.

Pause the video now.

Okay, so the first picture is reminding us to sit in a chair and at a table, or desk.

To have our feet flat on the floor, and our back against the chair.

The second picture is reminding you to angle your paper correctly.

So, if you're right-handed, the paper needs to be tilted slightly to the left.

If you're left-handed, the paper needs to be tilted slightly to the right.

And then, you're non-writing hand is supporting you by keeping the paper still.

Then, the third picture is reminding you to hold your pencil, or your pen, in a tripod grip.

Before starting to write, it's really important to warm up your hand and wrist muscles, so that they're ready for writing.

Your hands and wrists get stronger the more you exercise them.

So warming up your hands before writing will then help to improve your handwriting.

Let's start with today's warmup.

Let's have a go at doing the finger touch warmup.

I'm going to have a go first, and then you'll be able to have a go afterwards.

So with the finger touch warmup, you're going to put your hands like this, open like this, and you're going to imagine that you've got some Play-Doh on your thumb, resting on your thumb.

Then, you're going to touch the Play-Doh with your first finger, then your next finger, then your next, then your little finger.

And then you go backwards.

Little finger first this time, then this finger, then this finger, then this finger, imagining you're touching that Play-Doh.

Going a little bit faster if you want to.

Back, touching it again.

And let's get your other hand.

This time you're imagining the Play-Doh to be on your other thumb, and you're going to touch the Play-Doh with your first finger, then your next, then your next, then your next.

Then, backwards.

That, touch, touch.

And then you get really fun, you can do both hands together.

Little fingers, first fingers, and then backwards.

Okay, it's your turn.

You need to now choose out your right hand, your left hand, or both hands, it doesn't matter.

Choose which hand you want to start with.

Imagine your Play-Doh is on your thumb, and then start touching it, your each finger on the Play-Doh, pressing it down, backwards.

Maybe get both hands this time.

Touching each finger on the imaginary Play-Doh.

I hope you can imagine the Play-Doh, and the texture of the Play-Doh that's quite soft.

You're pushing down it in a really good way to warm up your fingers ahead of handwriting.

Great job! Let's use the wipe a wrist technique to warmup for handwriting.

This is a really good technique because not only does it warm up your wrists, but it also is a great chance to use your imagination.

So, you're going to imagine your wrists are your windscreen wipers.

You're in a car, so you could imagine you're in a bus, or a taxi, or a car, or a van, whatever.

And you're driving wherever you want to drive.

But it is pouring with rain.

And, it's not very easy to see if you're driving with rain splashing on the windscreen.

So, we need to use windscreen wipers.

So, we're going to imagine our hands are windscreen wipers.

And we're going wipe, wave them left to right, speeding it up a little bit, because the rain is getting harder to wipe the windscreen clear so we can see.

So now, your turn.

Get your hands ready, pretend they're windscreen wipers.

And let's start wiping the screen clean.

Slowly, and then the rain is getting harder, so we're gonna speed up, speed up, speed up.

And slow down again.

Now, your wrists should be feeling really warmed up and ready for some handwriting.

Great job.

Another good thing to do before you start handwriting is to practise writing patterns.

As these help us to prepare for writing and for joining letters.

So you can see the writing patterns on the screen now.

These will require really similar hand and wrist movements as cursive handwriting.

So, I'm going to do this writing pattern in the air with my finger first, and then you're going to have a go.

So, here we're going to start on the bottom.

And, I'm gonna really focus my movements smooth and flowing.

I don't want it to be too jumpy.

So starting at the bottom, and then going up, and then down, a little bit up, down, up.

Down, a little bit up, down, up, and down.

Your turn, get your finger ready.

Let's do this together.

Starting at the bottom, going up and then down, and then a little bit up, and then back down, up, down, a little bit up, and back down.

Well done.

It's time to Task A.

You need to copy and continue these patterns using your tripod grip.

Remember, don't lift your pencil, or pen, off the page when forming the pattern.

You want to really focus on keeping the movements smooth and flowing.

Pause the video now, off you go.

Okay, so checking for understanding.

Did you use your tripod grip? Did you keep your pencil on the page? Was your movement smooth and flowing? I'm sure you did a great job, well done.

Okay, it's time for the second part of the lesson.

Now, we're all warmed up.

We are going to review and copy some famous quotations in our neatest, cursive handwriting.

So, what is a famous quotation? A famous quotation is a well-known phrase, or statement, or passage attributed to a particular person, work or source, and that is often used and recognised by a wide audience.

These quotations often gain prominence due to their wits and their humour, their wisdom, their eloquence, or insight.

And they may often be used to illustrate a point to inspire people, to provoke thought, to make people think about something.

Or, to convey a universal truth.

Practising writing quotations, famous quotations in cursive handwriting, will improve your handwriting.

So, let's think about the four joins that we've learned.

Can you remember the four joins of cursive handwriting? We've learned the first, second, third and fourth.

Here's an example of each.

Have a think, or chat about this with your partner in class.

How could you describe each join? Pause the video now.

Okay, so our first join goes from the baseline to the x-height line.

Our second join starts at the baseline, and goes up towards the ascender line.

The third join is from the x-height line to the x-height line, with just a little dip down below the x-height line.

And then the fourth line join, is from the x-height line, up towards the ascender line.

Well done.

So, let's look closely at the first famous quotation I'm going to read out now.

"Every great dream begins with a dreamer." Have you ever heard that quote before? Do you know who said it? This inspiring quote is from Harriet Tubman.

It highlights the importance of having a dream, and the determination to pursue this dream.

Serving as inspiration for those who seek to accomplish great things.

If you haven't heard of Harriet Tubman, she's a really inspiring figure in Black history.

And if you would like to find out more about her, there's lots of information online and in books about this very inspiring woman.

So, let's look closely at the joins and the letter formation in this famous quotation.

What do you notice about the letter formations? Pause the video now and take a closer look.

So, the first word of the quote, "Every," starts with a capital letter.

Noticing as well that "Every," E, capital E, is not joined to the next letter, the letter V.

The letter V starts with a lead-in from the baseline.

In fact, every other word starts with a lead-in from the baseline, and finishes with a lead-out.

There are some loops descenders, Y, G, and another G.

As even letter spacing, the letters aren't spread out too far, or squashed too close together.

The sentence finishes with a full stop.

And because this is a quotation, this is what somebody has said, there is inverted commas at the start and the end of the quotation.

So, let's summarise.

The quotation is enclosed with inverted commas.

Which is another term for quotation marks.

So, you can call them inverted commas, or quotations marks.

The first letter of the quote is a capital letter, and therefore, does not join to the next letter.

E is not joined to V, there's a tiny little gap.

The letter after the capital letter, so V in this case, starts with a lead-in from the baseline.

All the other words have a lead-in and a lead-out.

The first, second, and third joins are used when writing this quotation.

So, pause the video now and take a closer look at all of these joins.

Let's practise writing this famous quotation, "Every great dream begins with a dreamer." I'm making sure that I'm sitting comfortably at my desk, I'm holding my pen in the tripod grip.

The first thing I need to do, is write my inverted commas.

So, I'm going to start my inverted commas, not too big, not too small, up here.

Then, I'm going to write my capital letter.

The first letter of.

The word "Every." Then, remembering that we don't join the capital E to the next letter, so I'm going to leave a little gap.

And then, find a starting point to start my lead-in to write the letter V, and then joining V to E, E to R, R to Y, finishing with a looped descender.

"Every great," now great starts G, starts on the baseline lead-in.

Looped descender.

R to E, E to A, baseline to x-height line, A to T baseline, towards the ascender line, but not all the way, and then I go and cross my T after I finish the word.

Dream, "Every great dream," starting on the baseline.

Lead-in to form the letter D, up to the ascender line, joining D to R, baseline to x-height line, R to E, x-line to x-line, x-height line, E to A, and then A to M.

Forming the letter M, finishing with a lead-out on the baseline.

"Every great dream" begins, I can still fit the word "begins" here.

So, I'm going to start, find a starting point on the baseline, lead in from the letter B, joining B to E, E to G, with a loop descender, to join to I, I to N, baseline to x-height line, and to S, and then finishing with a lead-out on the baseline.

Then, I'll go back and dot my I.

Okay, now I need to start a new line, 'cause there's not enough space.

"With a dreamer, every great dream begins with a dreamer." So, W starts on the baseline.

Front starting point lead-in.

Joining I to W, just below the x-height line, I to T, not all the way to the ascender line, but towards it.

T to H, up the ascender line.

Finishing with a lead-out on the baseline.

Then, I'll go back, dot my I, cross my T.

"A dreamer," And then, dreamer.

So, lead-in to form the letter D.

D to R, joining R to E to display the x-height line.

A to M, baseline to x-height line, M to E, baseline to x-height line, E to R, baseline to x-height line, finishing with a dip down lead-out below the x-height line.

I'm not finished yet, though.

I need to finish the sentence with a full stop neatly on the baseline.

And then, I need to finish with my final pair of inverted commas, And just below the ascender line.

Great! Checking for understanding.

True or false? Famous quotations are enclosed within quotation marks.

Pause the video now.

That is true.

Can you use A or B to justify your answer? A, quotation marks are punctuation marks used to indicate the beginning and end of a quotation.

Or B, quotation the marks are the same as inverted commas.

Pause the video now.

That is A, quotation marks come at the beginning, and the end of a quote, of a quotation.

Well done.

Let's look closely now at another famous quotation.

"To be, or not to be, that is the question." Have you ever heard of this quotation before? Do you know who might of said it? This is a quote from William Shakespeare's play "Hamlet." William Shakespeare is a very famous playwright.

This speech is given by Prince Hamlet, and is one of the most widely-known, and most quoted lines in modern English literature.

So people quote it a lot.

What do you notice about the letter formation and the joins? Pause the video now and take a close look at which joins you can spot.

Off you go.

Okay, well done.

So now, let's look closely at another famous quotation.

"Imagination is more important than knowledge." Have you heard of this quotation before? Do you know who might of said it? This is a quote from Albert Einstein, a very famous scientist.

This quote is thought-provoking, it makes people think.

As it serves as a reminder that knowledge is limited, whereas the imagination has no limits.

What do you notice about the letter formation and the joins in this quotation? Pause the video now and take a really close look.

Okay, so let's look at these quotations in a bit more detail.

"To be, or not to be, that is the question." The quotation is enclosed with inverted commas.

So the inverted comma comes before, and at the both at the start, and at the end of the quotation.

The first word in the sentence, "To," has a capital letter.

Which does not join to the next letter.

The letter after the capital letter, starts with a lead-in from the baseline.

All of the other words have a lead-in and a lead-out.

There are two commas used in this quotation, before "or," and at the end, after "be," and they are on the baseline.

The first, second and third join are used in this, in the formation of this quotation.

There is a full stop at the end of the quotation before the inverted comma.

Now, let's have a look at this quotation.

"Imagination is more important than knowledge." The quotation is enclosed with inverted commas.

The first word in the sentence, "Imagination," has a capital letter, which does not join to the next letter, M.

The letter after the capital letter, M, starts with a lead-in from the baseline.

All of the other words have a lead-in and a lead-out.

All four cursive joins are used in the formation of this quotation.

Did you see them all when you were looking? And there is a full stop at the end of the quotation before the inverted commas.

Let's practise writing these famous quotations.

I'm gonna start by writing "To be, or not to be, "that is the question." I'm making sure I'm sitting comfortably, and I'm holding my pen in the tripod grip.

I'm gonna start with the inverted commas.

So, opening pair of inverted commas.

And then, I'm going to start writing the capital letter for the first word, "To." And then, I'm not joining T to O.

So, I'm going to start the letter O with a lead-in from the baseline, I'm not joining to the letter T, and then finishing with a lead-out, just below the x-height line.

"To be or not to be." "To be," starting at the baseline lead-in to form the letter B.

Joining B to E, "To be," and then it's a comma, so, I'm going to do my comma neatly on the baseline.

Lead in.

Dipping just below the x-height line for my lead-out.

"Or not.

." Toward the ascend line, but not all the way for the letter T.

Then, crossing my T after I finish the word.

"Or not," lead-in to form the letter T, T to O, joined from baseline to x-height line.

Lead-out just below the x-height line, and then crossing my T.

"To be, or not to be," lead-in to form the letter B.

Joining the letter B to E, baseline to x-height line, finishing with a lead-out on the x-height line.

And then, I'm to do my next comma on the baseline.

"To be, or not to be, that this the question." There's not quite enough space in this line, so, I'm going to start a new line.

Starting with my lead-in to form the letter T, not all the way, oh sorry, I shouldn't of gone that so high up.

So, I'm actually gonna start this again, I'm gonna start to get, neatly cross it out.

Starting with the lead-in, up towards the ascender line, but not all the way for my letter T, and then H goes all the way to the ascender line.

Then H to A, joined from the baseline to the x-height line.

A to T, baseline towards the ascender line.

But not all the way, then I can cross my T's.

"That is the question." "Is," lead-in, form letter I, I to S, both x-height letters.

Then, I'll dot my I.

"That is the question." Lead-in to form the letter T.

Up to the ascender line for the H, and then H to E, baseline to x-height line, finishing with a lead-out on the baseline, crossing my T after, and then "Question." Lead-in to form the letter Q, down to the descender line.

And then, joining back up from the baseline to the x-height line to the letter Q.

U to E, baseline to x-height line, E to X, baseline to x-height line.

S to T, baseline up towards this underline, but not all the way.

T to I.

To O, and then dipping down just below the x-height line to join to N.

And then finishing on the baseline.

Then I can go back, cross my T and dot my I.

And now, I'm going to do my full stop, and my final inverted commas just below the ascender line.

Let's now practise writing the next famous quotation, "Imagination is more important than knowledge." So, starting by writing our first pair of inverted commas.

And then, I'm going to write the capital letter for the first word, "Imagination." And then, we're not joining I to M, so start leaving a little gap, and then lead-in to form the letter M.

And then, joining M to A, A to G, with a loop descender.

And joining G to I, I to N, N to A.

A to T, up towards the ascender line, but not all the way.

T to I, to O, and then dipping down just below the x-height line, and finishing with a lead-out on the baseline.

Now I can go back, dot my I's, and cross my T.

"Imagination is," is.

Starting at the baseline lead-in to form the letter I.

And then, dotting my I after.

"Is more," more.

Starting at the baseline lead-in.

Joining M to O, dipping down below the x line, to join O to R.

And the same for E, R to E.

"Is more important." Starting at the baseline lead-in.

I to M.

M to P, this is a descender letter.

And then joining P to O, baseline to x-height line, dipping down below the x-height line.

And then up towards the ascender line, T to A, A to N, baseline to x-height line.

And N to T up towards the ascender line, but not all the way.

And then, I can dot my I, and cross my T's.

"Is more important than knowledge." Then, baseline lead-in up towards the ascender line.

Up, all the way to the ascender line.

H to A, and then A to N, baseline to x-height line, finishing with a lead-out on the baseline.

And then, I'll cross my T, and then our final word, "Knowledge." Starting on the baseline, lead-in to form the letter K.

And then joining K to N, N to O, dipping down to join O to W.

W to L, up towards to ascender line from the baseline, come from the x-height line.

L to E.

E to D, up to the ascender line.

D to G, a loop descender, and then joining G to E.

And finishing with a full stop, and the final inverted commas just below the ascender line.

Great.

Checking for understanding.

Select the correctly punctuated quotation, A, B, or C.

Pause the video now.

That's right, it is A.

It had to be A, because there was inverted commas at the beginning and the end of the quotation.

And, there was a capital letter at the start for the first word, "To," and a full stop at the end before the inverted commas.

Well done.

It's time for Task B.

You need to copy the following famous quotations in cursive handwriting on your tramlines.

So you'll right first, "Every dream begins with a dreamer." Then, "To be, or not to be, that is the question." And then, "Imagination is more important than knowledge." Remember to include the inverted commas, the comma, and the full stop.

And think really carefully about the capital letter, and all the joins.

Pause the video now, and off you go.

Well done, everybody, I hope you enjoyed that.

Have a look at the quotations that you've just written.

Did you remember the inverted commas? Did you start each quotation with a capital letter? Did you use the correct joins within the letter string? If you need to, pause the video now and make any edits to your quotations.

Okay so, have a read back to what you've just written.

Circle the best join, all those quotations, and celebrate.

Really well done.

Here is a summary of everything we've learned today.

A famous quotation is a well-known phrase, statement, or passage, attributed to a particular person, work, or source that is often used and recognised by a wide audience.

Inverted commas, also known as quotation marks, are punctuation marks used to indicate the beginning and end of a direct speech, or a quotation.

Quotations start with a capital letter.

After forming the capital letter, you lift your pencil.

The letters in the letter strings are joined using a range of joins depending on which letter is joining to which letter.

There is appropriate letter spacing between the letters to ensure the writing is legible.

Great job today everybody, well done.