Hello, how are you today? I hope you're doing really well.

My name's Ms. Afzal.

I'm doing pretty good as well, thank you.

Because we're gonna keep going with our exploration of "Escape from Pompeii." You're going to need your copy of the text, so pause the video here while you go and get your copy.

All right, well done.

You are back, you've got your text.

We looked at some turning points in this piece of historical fiction today, so hopefully you are all set to join in with this lesson.

Let's begin.

The outcome for today's lesson is I can explore how a turning point in a narrative affects a character's emotions.

We have got some keywords in today's lesson.

Let's go through them one at a time.

My turn, your turn.

Tension.

Hint.

Atmosphere.

Turning point.

Emotions graph.

Fantastic, I liked hearing those loud and clear.

Let's find out more about these keywords.

Tension is a feeling of nervousness, excitement or fear.

A hint is a slight indication or suggestion of something, e.

g.

something that might happen next.

Atmosphere is the mood created in a section or whole of a text.

A turning point in a narrative is a pivotal moment that significantly alters the course of the story or a character's journey.

And an emotions graph is a reading task where readers plot a character's feelings and emotions as they change throughout a narrative.

Oh my goodness, can you tell already? This is gonna be an action packed lesson.

We've got so many amazing keywords here.

I'm really looking forward to us encountering them in this lesson.

I hope you are too.

So what's involved in our lesson today, turning points in "Escape from Pompeii." Well, we're going to begin with building tension and creating atmosphere.

And next, we're going to look at turning points in narrative.

So let's get started.

Building tension and creating atmosphere.

"Escape from Pompeii" is written and illustrated by Christina Balit.

Oh my goodness, take a look at that front cover, and it's, every time I look at it, I'm just blown away by the detail and skill, the care that Christina Balit put into this front cover.

And imagine being an author and illustrator of a book, that's really quite, quite some achievement.

So what do we know so far? "Escape from Pompeii" is a historical fiction, picture-book text.

It's based on the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD.

The text is written from the perspective of Tranio, a young Roman boy.

Tranio and his friend, Livia, witness the destruction of their city.

They return many years later to reflect on their loss and pay their respects.

Building tension is when the nervousness, excitement, or fear in a story keeps growing, making you feel more and more curious or worried about what will happen next.

Tension in text can be built up in many ways through hinting, pacing, illustration, characters' reactions.

Cliffhangers (vocalising), love a cliffhanger.

Tension can affect the atmosphere of a section or whole of a text.

So we've got a few keywords here.

So we've talked about tension.

Let's find out a bit more about hinting.

And we'll explore these techniques in more detail.

So hinting is a suggestion in the text that gives readers a clue that something significant will happen, e.

g.

volcano eruption.

Pacing is the speed at which the story is read.

Shorter sentences can create a sense of urgency, while longer, more detailed descriptions can stretch a scene out.

Illustrations can draw readers attention to characters' emotions such as an expression of fear or determination.

Let's have a go at this.

Turn someone nearby, show them, no sound, just your face.

Show them an expression of fear.

All right.

Oh my goodness, scary, scary stuff.

Okay, now turn to someone nearby, and show them an expression of determination.

Maybe bring in some body language as well.

Fantastic job, oh my goodness.

What a determined bunch.

Characters' reactions can be described to the reader to increase the emotional tension.

Finally, cliffhangers can end scenes.

These keep readers on the edge of their seats, eager to find out what happens next.

Do you enjoy stories with cliffhangers? I really, really do.

And I just gotta keep turning those pages.

I gotta keep going, I need to know what's next.

Check for understanding.

Match the following ways in which tension can be built in a text with their description.

Pacing, cliffhangers, illustrations, and characters' reactions.

And let's go through the descriptions.

A visual which shows the characters' emotions through body, facial expressions, description of emotions, and response to the plot, the speed at which the story is read, climactic end to certain scenes.

So pause the video here while you match up ways in which tension can be built in a text with their descriptions.

I'll see you when you're finished.

Okay, did you match up pacing with the speed at which the story is read? Did you match cliffhangers to the climactic end to certain scenes? Illustrations are visual, which shows the characters' emotions through body and facial expressions.

And characters' reactions matches with description of emotions and response to the plot.

Well done if you made these connections.

And now let's have a look at an example of how tension can be built in a scene.

I'd like you to turn to page 11 and page 12.

And here we can see the actors experiencing the tremors at the theatre.

How is the scene described? And what atmosphere is created? Are there examples of the following? Are there any hints? Something around a pacing, illustrations, characters' reactions, cliffhangers.

And you might like to start your answer with something like this, the atmosphere created in the scene makes me feel.

So pause the video here, while you've got lots to do.

You go turn to pages 11 and 12.

Have a look at how the actors are experiencing the tremors.

So how is this scene described? What atmosphere is created? And are there any of the bullet pointed examples? Share with someone nearby.

So pause the video here.

Okay, it's good to be back with you.

So how is the scene described? What atmosphere is created? Did you come up with something like this? The scenery splitting hints about the possible destruction of the homes in Pompeii.

Ellipses are used to slow down pace before the action happens.

The actors in this illustration are shocked and worried.

However, in the text, it says they relaxed.

The reader is left wondering what will happen to Tranio as he runs off.

(vocalising) Tranio's father is frozen.

Well done if you came up with any answers like these, the atmosphere created in the scene makes me feel nervous.

The actors and Tranio's father do not know what is about to happen.

Some really great ideas there.

Check for understanding, true or false.

Tension can only be built in a scene by creating a cliffhanger.

Pause the video while you decide if this is true or false.

Well done if you selected false.

And now I'd like you to justify your answer.

An author and illustrator can use hinting, pacing, illustration, and reactions to build tension and create an atmosphere.

Tension is created in "Escape from Pompeii" by describing the tremors and the changing weather.

Pause the video while you decide which is a helpful justification for your answer.

Well done if you selected the first option, absolutely.

There are so many ways in which tension can be built.

For example, hinting, pacing, illustration, and reactions.

So really well done for that.

Nice clear justification of your answer.

Okay, and now it is time for your task.

"Escape from Pompeii" effectively builds tension as the story progresses, drawing readers into the suspenseful narrative of the impending eruption.

I would like you to choose one of the following double-page spreads to look at.

You could go for pages 15 and 16, 17 and 18, or 19 and 20.

And we're going to really, really drill into this building of tension.

How is the scene described and what atmosphere is created? Remember the things, the helpful examples of what can build tension, hints, pacing, illustration, characters' reactions, cliffhangers.

And remember, you can begin your sentence with, the atmosphere created in the scene makes me feel.

So choose your double-page spread.

How's the scene described? What's the atmosphere? And which of these tension building devices has been used? Can you give examples? Pause the video while you have a go at this task.

Share with someone nearby, and I'll see you when you're finished.

Okay, so we're gonna take a look at an example around pages 17 and 18.

I wonder maybe some of you chose that one.

Here we go.

Livia, choking on the ash could hint at what might happen to the citizens as the ash cloud descended.

Really great point there.

Yeah, good hint, subtle hint.

Longer sentences really make the reader feel as though they are there.

Yeah, really drawing us in with that description.

Stretching things out.

Tranio has his arm around Livia.

They both look towards the volcano and are frightened.

Both children are speechless out of shock and because of the ash.

The atmosphere created in the scene makes me feel scared.

When I first read the text, I wonder what might happen to Tranio and Livia.

Yeah, absolutely.

Goodness, there's such a lot.

Look at that, just two pages.

And look how much there was for us to share about.

Really, really, really rich examples, thank you.

So you may wish to share your own examples.

And I'm wondering if you found examples of the following.

Are there any hints, pacing, illustrations, characters' reactions, cliffhangers? How effective was your page in building tension and creating an atmosphere? So pause the video here, and you may like to share some of your examples with others around you, and share about how effective your page was in building tension and creating an atmosphere.

Okay, so I hope you enjoyed sharing and listening.

There's just so, so much in this text.

So even just in literally in double-page spread, there's so many examples we can find of these tension building devices.

Okay, it's time for us to move on to turning points in narrative.

In order to build tension, the author includes a turning point in the text.

A turning point in a narrative is a pivotal moment that significantly alters the course of the story or a character's journey.

What do you think is the turning point within "Escape from Pompeii," and why? Now pause the video here while you reflect on this question, and share your answer with someone nearby.

I wonder what you came up with.

What do you think is the turning point? That's what Alex thinks.

"I think the turning point for the text is when the tremors affect the theatre.

Tranio is worried for his friend and goes off to find Livia." Really great point there, Alex.

I wonder if you had something similar.

And there's some other possible turning points.

You may have also said the eruption of Mount Vesuvius on pages 19 and 20.

Turning points typically bring about a major change in the story, whether it's a positive or a negative shift.

This change can evoke a range of emotions in the character, such as joy, relief, disappointment, fear, or sadness, depending on the nature of the turning point.

Readers can identify a character's emotions by paying attention to how the character acts, thinks, and speaks in a story.

By noting a character's actions, thoughts, and words, and how they handle challenges, we can figure out their intentions and infer their inner emotions.

Check for understanding, true or false.

Turning points only affect the narrative in a negative way.

Pause the video while you decide if this is true or false.

Well done if you selected false.

And now I'd like you to justify your answer.

Turning points can change the narratives in both positive and negative ways.

The turning point in "Escape from Pompeii" affects the story in a negative way.

Pause the video while you decide which of these two statements justifies your answer.

Well done if you selected statement A, turning points indeed can change a narrative in both positive and negative ways.

So indeed, your answer earlier was false.

Okay, we are getting on something really exciting.

We can track character's emotions in an emotions graph.

Positive emotions go above the centre line, negative emotions below.

A short comment to describe the character's actions, thoughts, or words can be added.

Let's look at an example using Tranio.

Tranio is curious.

He enjoys watching the people trading in the city.

This is a positive emotion.

So it's going above the centre line.

And then we're moving to the right as we're going along in time, going forward in time.

Tranio is worried.

He feels the tremors in the city.

He goes off to find Livia.

So we can see that dot there appears below the centre line, because that one is a negative emotion.

Another one below the centre line, Tranio is fearful.

He watches the destruction of his home city from the ship.

So we can see in this example of Tranio that actually his emotions started off positive.

But then as we're moving through the text, they are becoming more negative.

An emotions graph typically includes a range of emotions to represent the emotional states of characters or individuals in a narrative.

Here's a list of emotions that you might find on an emotions graph.

Joy, sadness, anger, fear, surprise, disgust, anticipation, trust, love, guilt, shame, disappointment, pride, excitement, curiosity, confusion.

Oh my goodness, what a lot of emotions.

Take a look at this list of emotions.

I'm wondering if there are any of these emotions that you felt recently.

Is there something here that you felt? Maybe let's think about positive emotion.

You got one of these.

Is there any one of these positive emotions that you have felt recently? Maybe you felt pride, proud of something that you've achieved in your learning or something else.

Maybe there was something that surprised you.

Maybe you were curious.

I'm hoping you're curious now, hoping you're curious in this lesson.

My favourite emotion, joy.

I wonder if you felt some joy, I hope so.

And if not, go out looking for it.

Let's find things that bring us joy.

Some emotions can be placed in different positions within the graph, for example, surprised.

Yeah, that's right.

You could be surprised by something in a positive way.

Something really lovely, or you could have a bit of a little bit of a nasty surprise.

Check for understanding, which of the following are negative emotions? Excitement, fear, joy, disappointment.

Pause the video while you decide which of the following are negative emotions.

Well done if you selected fear and disappointment.

Yeah, those are tough ones.

You know, we all come up against these emotions, the whole range of positive and negative emotions.

Then yeah, sometimes this is how life can feel.

And now it's time for your next task.

I would like you to create your own emotions graph for Livia.

Note down her actions, thoughts, and words.

And you could write little statements beside each of your emotions that you place on the graph with a statement such as, Livia is, and think of the reason, because.

So pause the video here while you complete your emotions graph for Livia.

All right, here's an example.

Let's see what you come up with.

So starting off, Livia is happy.

She enjoys playing games with Tranio.

Yeah, okay, nice.

So we're starting off with something positive.

Hmm, how did it progress through time? Let's see.

Oh, okay, yep.

Carrying on positive, Livia is excited.

She doesn't know what's happening as her goat runs away.

Okay, and then? Ah, Livia is sad.

She has a sorrow that will never leave her.

Wow, okay.

Really great, great plotting of emotions for Livia on this graph.

The author creates a turning point by Livia's emotions changing from positive at the beginning of the text to sad and upset at the end.

In our lesson today, turning points in "Escape from Pompeii," we have covered the following.

Tension in texts can be built up in many ways through hinting, pacing, illustration, character reactions, and cliffhangers.

This can affect the atmosphere of a scene.

A turning point in the narrative is a pivotal moment that significantly alters the course of the story or a character's journey.

Turning points can evoke a range of emotions in the character.

We can track a character's emotions on an emotions graph.

The author creates a turning point by Livia's emotions changing from positive at the beginning of the text, to sad and upset at the end.

I would like to tell you that the emotion I'm feeling right now is pride.

I'm feeling really proud of you for all your hard work today, and for the way in which you've joined in and given it your all, and expressed things around emotions, intention, and turning points, and it was wonderful to be with you.

I look forward to seeing you at the next lesson.

Bye for now.