Lesson video

Hi everyone, and welcome to today's writing lesson where you will be planning the quotes paragraph for your journalistic report on "Little Red Riding Hood".

I hope you're feeling excited because I am really excited to teach you.

For this lesson, you need to be listening carefully.

There'll be some tasks where you need somebody to talk to and there will also be some writing involved.

Let's get started.

The learning outcome for today's lesson is I can plan the quotes paragraph of a journalistic report.

Here are our key words for the lesson.

Let's practise saying them.

My turn, your turn.

Quotes, informal language, direct speech, reporting clause.

Well done, good job.

Let's take a look at their definitions.

Quotes are exact words or statements taken from a source to support or provide evidence in a piece of writing.

Informal language refers to a linguistic style of speaking or writing that is relaxed and casual.

Direct speech is the term used for a person speaking out loud in a text and a reporting clause tells the reader who said the speech and how.

There are two parts to today's lesson.

In the first part, you will be developing ideas for quotes, and in the second part you'll be turning those ideas into direct speech.

So let's begin with developing ideas.

For quotes, the layout of a journalistic report can be structured like this.

Headline, opening paragraph, recount section, quote section, closing paragraph.

The headline grabs the reader's attention.

It makes them want to read the report.

The opening paragraph provides an overview of the event by answering the questions who, what, where, and when.

The recount section provides specific details about the event in chronological order.

The quote section provides quotes from witnesses or experts, and the closing paragraph is where the journalist says what is currently happening or what might happen next.

You have already written your opening paragraph and your recount section, and in today's lesson you will be planning your quote section.

The purpose is the aim of the text.

The purpose of the quote section is to share information from witnesses or experts who know more information about the event or topic, for reporting on a crime, the following people might be quoted, witnesses who saw or heard anything related to the crime or experts linked to the crime.

For example, detectives or scientists.

For your quote section, you will use direct speech from witnesses who heard or saw elements relating to Mr. Wolf's crime.

Let's check your understanding.

In a journalistic report about a crime, who would you read a quote from? A, a witness who was near the scene of the crime.

B, anyone who wants to offer their opinion.

C, an expert on the topic like a detective or D, the suspect being investigated for the crime.

Pause the video and select your answers now.

the answers are A, a witness who was near the scene of the crime and C, an expert on the topic like a detective, well done.

For your quote section, you will use direct speech from witnesses who heard or saw elements relating to the crime.

Who are potential witnesses for the crime committed by Mr. Wolf? Have a little think, who might have heard or seen something? A neighbour would be a good potential witness because they would've been likely to hear something, a postman perhaps who could have been delivering posts at the time.

A passerby, so somebody just walking through or a delivery driver, maybe.

Maybe just a local resident.

Each of these people could offer an account of something they heard or saw relating to the crime and how they feel about it.

This offers greater detail and a personal account or perspective to engage the reader.

How does the language in direct speech differ from the rest of the report? A journalistic report is written using journalistic language which creates a formal and objective tone.

This is so the reader knows that the journalist is providing facts and not their own opinion.

Direct speech differs because this is an opportunity for witnesses to offer a personal perspective or experience, and it should be written exactly how they said it.

Quotes from witnesses might include the following, informal language and tone, use of contractions and abbreviations or even the use of slang sometimes.

Let's check your understanding.

How does the language in direct speech differ from the rest of a journalistic report? A, it involves subject specific vocabulary.

B, it can involve the use of contractions and abbreviations.

C, it involves jokes and sarcasm and D, it can involve the use of more informal language.

Pause the video and select your answers now.

The answers are B, it can involve the use of contractions and abbreviations and D, it can involve the use of more informal language.

Well done, when developing ideas for quoting a witness, we need to consider the following elements, witness perspective.

This means what this person is likely to have seen or heard and how they might feel, so we have to put ourselves in the witness's shoes to imagine this.

We also need to consider the use of informal language, so that means that we have to choose vocabulary carefully that conveys a more informal tone to the rest of the report.

Read the following quote from a witness.

A neighbour named Ms. Grandino said, "I am so upset by what's happened to my dear neighbour, Mrs. Puckett.

It's made the rest of us in the community scared about possible future attacks." How is this quote informal in language and tone? How does it differ from the rest of the journalistic report? Have a little think.

Well, Ms. Grandino's words begin with, I am so upset.

Not only is this in first person, which is different from the rest of the report, but it is also a use of emotive language to describe her own experience.

Then there are words like what's and it's, which have used a contraction and terms like my dear neighbour, which is very personable when speaking.

These are all examples of how a quote will be more informal than the rest of the report.

Which of the following quotes from a passerby would be appropriate in perspective and language and tone? A, I was just on a casual stroll when I heard screams from inside the cottage.

I jumped outta my skin, what a fright.

B, it was concerning to hear a commotion from inside the residential property as I passed by.

Or C, we're shaken by what's happened.

I know Mrs. Puckett well and she's a kind lady.

She didn't deserve this.

Pause the video and select your answers now, the answers are A and C.

Both of these examples you will notice have the use of contractions or informal language, and you might have noticed when I was reading them to you that they sounded more informal in tone.

B has really formal words like commotion and residential property, which we would not want to use when developing quotes for a witness.

It's time for your task.

Develop ideas for quotes from two witnesses.

Remember to consider their perspective and use more informal language, including words with contractions.

Possible witnesses are a neighbour, a postman, a dog walker, a passerby, a delivery driver, and you need to choose a name for the witness so the title's, Ms or Mr, and you can choose a surname.

Pause the video and discuss your ideas with your partner now.

Welcome back.

I loved listening to all of your ideas.

I'm going to share two brilliant examples now.

A passerby named Ms. Barone said, "I only saw him briefly as I walked past, but now that I think about it, he did look real suspicious.

I wish I'd stopped and said something now!" This is a great example because it uses informal phrases like, real suspicious, which isn't grammatically correct and it involves the use of contractions like I'd instead of I had.

Another good example is a neighbour named Mr. Balogun said, "I didn't see the dreadful attacker myself, but I did hear the shocking screams and felt incredibly concerned.

That's why I rang the cops." This is a great example because it involves lots of vocabulary where the witness is expressing their opinion and in formal vocabulary like cops instead of police.

Well done for your hard work developing ideas for quotes.

It's now time for the second part of our lesson where you'll be turning your ideas for quotes into direct speech for your quotes paragraph.

We use direct speech to show that a person is speaking out loud.

These are the words the person said out loud.

This is direct speech.

"The screams were so loud", he stated nervously.

Direct speech is shown to the reader using inverted that look like this.

You'll see the words, "The screams were so loud", are inside inverted commas.

The inverted commas tell us where the words the person said begin and end.

The reporting clause tells us who said the direct speech and how, we can also share extra information about the speaker in the reporting clause.

The reporting clause here is "He stated nervously".

This lets the reader know the witness was nervous as he spoke these words, how do we quote a witness in a newspaper report? We can report it as direct speech using the correct punctuation to demarcate the speech and a reporting clause to report who is speaking.

In your report, you will have a sentence to introduce the witness.

For example, the local postman who was delivering post at the time the suspect entered the property, has expressed his distress as a result of the event.

You will then follow this with direct speech from that witness.

For example, "I believed the man was a friend of Mrs. Puckett's, so I didn't intervene" he stated nervously.

Here you'll see that there are inverted commas around the direct speech, the words that the local postman said, and there is a reporting clause to say who said it and how.

The most common verb used in a reporting clause is said, but using a variety of verbs and adverbs in our reported clauses adds detail to how the witness spoke.

Synonyms for said that you could use in said are, explained, exclaimed, expressed, stated, reported, adverbs that you could use to describe said words are nervously, sadly, regretfully, angrily, anxiously, and I'm sure you'll think of others.

Let's check your understanding, true or false? A reporting clause should always use the word said.

Pause the video and answer now.

That is false, well done.

Now justify your answer.

A, a reporting clause doesn't need a verb or B, a variety of synonyms can be used instead of said to add detail to how the witness spoke.

Pause the video and select your justification now.

The answer is B, well done.

A reporting clause does need a verb, but you can use a variety of synonyms instead of said to add greater detail.

Direct speech can be written in speech first or speech second format.

Speech first format looks like this.

Open inverted commas, a capital letter for the first word being spoken.

The rest of the speech, a piece of punctuation to end the speech.

This can be an exclamation mark, a question mark or a comma.

You would use an exclamation mark if you wanted to show that the person said it in a way that was exclaiming.

You'd use a question mark if it's a question or a comma for any other kind of statement.

Then close inverted commas, a reporting clause to say who said it and how and a full stop to end the sentence.

Here is an example.

Open inverted commas, capital letter for I, I believed the man was a friend of Mrs. Pucket's so I didn't intervene, explanation mark as my piece of punctuation, close inverted commas.

He stated nervously, which is my reporting clause and a full stop to end my sentence.

Let's check your understanding.

What is incorrect or missing in these speech first examples? I will read them to you, but remember, it is not about how they sound.

You are checking to see which pieces of punctuation are missing or incorrect.

A, "I was shocked to hear the screams" he exclaimed.

B, "We're worried about further attacks" she said anxiously.

C, "I wish I had realised the man was dodgy", He expressed regretfully.

Pause the video and find the incorrect or missing pieces of punctuation now.

For A, hopefully you noticed that the exclamation mark should have come before the inverted commas closed the speech.

For B, hopefully you noticed that this was missing a piece of punctuation and inverted comm to close the speech and for C, hopefully you noticed that the inverted commas to close the speech were in the wrong place at the end of the reporting clause, they need to come before the reporting clause because they only go around the words spoken by the witness.

Well done, so we know that direct speech can be written in speech first or speech second format and you have shown a great understanding of speech first format, now let's look at speech second.

You begin with a capital letter for the first word in your reporting clause and you finish your reporting clause.

You then have a comma after your reporting clause.

You open your speech with inverted commas, a capital letter for the first word of the direct speech.

Finish the direct speech, a piece of punctuation an exclamation mark, question mark or full stop and close the sentence with inverted commas.

Here is an example, we have our reporting clause at the beginning with a capital letter for he, he nervously stated, then there is a comma after the reporting clause.

Then open inverted commas, a capital letter for the beginning of the speech which says, I believed the man was a friend of Mrs. Puckett's so I didn't intervene.

A piece of punctuation here, an exclamation mark and closing with inverted commas.

Let's check your understanding, what is incorrect or missing in these speech second examples? I'll read them to you again, but remember it's not about how they sound.

You need to be checking carefully for punctuation.

A, she stated, "I'm so saddened by what has happened".

B, he sadly explained that "Mrs. Puckett was so shaken by the attack", and C, he angrily exclaimed, "We will not stand for crimes like this." Pause the video and answer now.

Hopefully you notice that in A, we were missing opening of inverted commas to begin the direct speech.

This should have come before the word I.

For B, this is an interesting one.

It didn't actually need the word that, we can remove that, we can just say he sadly explained, and then deliver the direct speech with the correct punctuation and for C, hopefully you noticed that at the end of the sentence it was missing a piece of punctuation before it closed with inverted commas.

Well done, it's time for your first writing task.

Turn your first quote idea into direct speech and use speech first format for this.

Use a reporting clause that adds detail.

For example, she stated nervously, this uses a synonym for said and an adverb to describe how she said it.

A reminder that speech first has open inverted commas, a capital letter to begin the speech, the rest of the speech, a piece of punctuation, closing of inverted commas, the reporting clause and then a full stop.

Write the name of your first witness and then turn your quote idea into direct speech.

Pause the video and do the task now.

It has been so wonderful to look at your writing and see how well you've remembered your punctuation for direct speech.

Here is a good example.

The witness is a postwoman named Ms. Harper.

Here is her quote turned into direct speech.

"I did notice an unfamiliar man outside the property, but I just presumed that he was Mrs. Puckett's mate at the time." She reflected regretfully, you'll notice that the inverted commas are only around the words that Ms. Harper spoke.

There is a capital letter at the beginning of her speech.

There is a piece of punctuation before the closing of inverted commas and the reporting clause uses a synonym for said, reflected, and an adverb to describe how, regretfully.

Well done, it's time for your final writing task.

Turn your second quote into direct speech.

For this task I'd like you to use speech second format and remember to use a reporting clause that adds detail like, she stated nervously.

Here is a reminder of what speech second format looks like.

Capital letter to begin the reporting clause followed by a comma.

Then open direct speech with inverted commas, a capital letter to begin speech.

Finish the speech, a piece of punctuation, exclamation mark, question mark, or full stop.

You can't use a comma here and end the sentence and close the speech with inverted commas.

Write the name of your second witness and turn their quote into direct speech now.

Pause the video.

Welcome back, you did a great job at using the speech second format.

Let's take a look at an example.

The name of our witness is a neighbour named Mr. Kano and here is what they said turned into direct speech.

He sadly explained "I couldn't believe the racket that I was hearing.

It took me a moment to realise how serious it was to be honest.

Then I called the police ASAP." Here the sentence has the gun with the reporting clause and been followed by a comma.

The direct speech is then opened with inverted commas.

It starts with a capital letter and it ends with a piece of punctuation, an exclamation mark and then is closed with inverted commas.

Well done for all of your hard work turning your quote ideas into direct speech.

We've now come to the end of our lesson, so let's go over a summary together.

Quotes from witnesses or experts give additional information about the event being reported on.

Quotes from witnesses are often more informal in language and tone from the rest of the report.

A reporting clause is used either before or after speech to let the reader know who the quote is from.

Inverted commas are used to demarcate speech and a piece of punctuation separates speech from the reporting clause and a range of synonyms for said and use of adverbs can offer detail about the emotion of the witness.

Well done for all of your hard work on today's learning.