Lesson video

Hi everyone.

It's Mr. Brown with your English lesson for today, and we are going to be working on writing a speech.

Before you can deliver a speech to an audience, you have to write it so that you know exactly what you're going to say and this is the process we're going to be learning today.

So, let's get started.

The outcome for today's lesson is, I can write a speech by following the PEPS structure.

I can write a speech by following the PEPS structure.

And you'll learn all about the PEPS structure in today's lesson.

The keywords which will help us with our learning today are: preparation, point, explanation, proof, summary.

One more time, but this time you repeat the words after me because they may be words that you haven't used before.

Preparation, point, explanation, proof, summary.

Very good.

Let's look at some definitions for these words.

Preparation is the action or process of getting ready to do something.

A point is an idea or reason to support your opinion.

An explanation means giving reasons to help someone understand an opinion.

Proof refers to the evidence used to support an opinion.

And summary, that will briefly recap the main parts of a speech.

A summary will briefly recap the main parts of a speech.

The lesson outline.

We're going to start looking at writing a speech and then we will focus on summarising a speech afterwards.

So writing a speech.

How would you feel if you were going to take a test without preparing for it at all? Take a moment to think.

If we set you a test in class, how would you feel if you hadn't prepared for it at all? It was something that you'd never learned before.

I'm sure you'd feel nervous, anxious, not very confident about how you would perform in that test.

Well, preparation is the action or process of getting ready to do something, and it is essential, so important, to many aspects of life.

Preparing to deliver a speech? Well, that's no different.

And the better a speaker is prepared, the more confident they will feel when they are standing in front of an audience.

The more preparation you can do, the more chance of success you have.

A speech can be written beforehand and a structure used to help the speaker organise their ideas.

So some things can't be planned beforehand.

When you are debating, you would not be able to write your speech in its entirety because the other team might ask you questions and intervene, but a speech can be written out word for word and read.

That's absolutely fine.

There are several benefits to following a structure.

One of them is helping the speech to flow and make it easier for an audience to follow.

So rather than not following a structure at all, following a structure will help the speech flow nicely, and it will make it easier for the audience to follow ensuring key parts aren't missed.

There might be parts of this structure that you definitely would not want to miss, that perhaps you might if you didn't use it.

Helping to manage time.

Sometimes speeches can be a time thing, so if it's a competition, it wouldn't be fair if one person had five minutes to make a speech and another person had two minutes to make a speech.

So that's why sometimes they are timed.

And this means helping to manage time by using a structure is a good thing to do.

Reducing nervousness.

Having a structure there to support you, to guide you is going to help you to feel more confident and less nervous.

Appearing prepared and professional.

To stand up and deliver a speech that follows a structure really neatly shows that you have done your preparation.

You are ready, you are prepared and professional.

And that will help the audience to be impacted by your words easier because they're going to know you know what you're talking about.

You are professional.

This isn't your first time making a speech.

You know what you're doing.

Let's check your understanding.

Which of these is the benefit of following a structure when making a speech? Is it A, appearing prepared and professional; B, making the speech much longer; or C, eliminating the need for preparation so you wouldn't need to prepare at all? A, B, or C? Which of these is a benefit of following a structure when making a speech? Pause the video now and decide for yourself.

And welcome back.

Okay, let's see.

So if we are following a structure, one of the key things we said that would be a benefit was that it would help us manage time, not make the speech much longer, so it's not B.

C, eliminating the need for preparation.

No preparation at all needed? Well, no.

Following a structure is a great thing to do when preparing, but it definitely does not eliminate the need for preparation.

It is part of your preparation process, so it's not C.

So well done if you said A, appearing prepared and professional.

There are four parts to the structure to follow when making a speech.

The first part is point.

You will make your point to the audience first.

Number two is explanation.

This is when you will explain your point and give the reasons and details behind it.

Number three is proof.

This is where the evidence will come to support your argument.

And four is summary, where you will be summarising everything you've said so far in a short way so that the audience can just take away the key information.

Now the acronym, and an acronym is when you take the first letter of several words and put them together to make a new word.

The acronym PEPS can help us to remember this structure and its order.

So we know PEPs is written as PEPS.

The first P is point.

Explanation.

The next P is proof.

Then it's summary.

PEPS will help us to remember the order of this structure.

What are the four parts of the PEPS structure? Is it A, point, example, proof, summary; B, point, explanation, purpose, summary; Or C, point, explanation, proof, summary? A, B, or C? Pause the video now and decide yourself.

And welcome back.

Let's see if you are right.

We know it starts with point.

It's then explanation and proof, then summary.

Point, explanation proof, summary.

So well done if you said, C, as the correct answer.

Before a speaker can begin writing their speech, they must first decide two things.

Number one, the speech title.

This will also be the topic you are going to be talking about.

So if your speech title is, why my school is the best, then the topic you'll be talking about is your school.

Then number two, the purpose of their speech.

What impact the speaker wishes to have on the audience.

You need to decide this before you start writing because that purpose will impact every decision you make.

So I have given you an example here.

The speech title I have chosen to use is, why recycling is important.

So the topic I'm going to be talking about is, of course, recycling, and the importance of it.

Then number two, the purpose of the speech.

The purpose is to persuade the audience to recycle.

I want the audience to come away from this speech, after hearing it, thinking I simply must recycle, if they're not doing it already.

Hopefully they are.

Now each part of the PEPS structure has a different purpose.

Let's just look at those in a bit more detail.

Number one, point.

The point clearly tells the audience what the speech is all about and is when the speaker shares their opinion.

This is when the speaker will say what they think or believe; their opinion.

Then it's the explanation.

And the explanation is where the speaker can justify their opinion with reasoning.

They'll give reasons and details that will support their opinion.

That will help to make the audience feel the same way; agree with their opinion.

Then it's the proof, and the proof takes things to another level.

Because the proof is where a speaker can share evidence with the audience that also supports their opinion.

And evidence is very hard to disagree with.

Facts, figures, statistics, quotes from people.

This is going to be very important.

Then finally, it's the summary.

And the summary is where the speaker, it's the speaker's chance to recap the main point of the speech one more time further for the audience and then give any other details that they want the audience to take away.

And we'll look at the summary in detail in today's lesson.

The point part of the PEPS structure should be short and clear so the audience know what the speech is going to be about.

Here's an example for the speech title that I chose.

I believe that recycling is important because it will help to save many species of animals from losing their homes.

That's it.

That's all the point needs to be.

It is not when you start explaining things, it is not long and confusing, it is short and clear.

The audience know exactly what my speech is about and what my opinion is.

The speaker only gives one reason to justify their opinion and they use the word, because.

Because is really important, it will signal to the audience that you are now giving a reason why you have that opinion.

My opinion is that I believe that recycling is important and the reason why is because it will help to save many species of animals from losing their homes.

I don't explain that reason.

I don't say how the animals will benefit from recycling.

That's all going to come later in my speech.

The speaker does not begin explaining the full reasoning behind their opinion yet.

And the point is just one sentence long.

Let's check our understanding.

When delivering their point, which word will a speaker use to begin justifying their opinion? Is it A, and; B, but; or C because? And, but or because? When delivering their point, which word will a speaker use to begin justifying their opinion? Pause the video and decide A, B or C now.

And welcome back.

Okay, we looked at this in the previous slide, so let's see if you've remembered.

When delivering their point Which word will a speaker use to begin justifying their opinion? It is of course, because.

Because signals that you're explaining something.

Well done if you got that correct.

The explanation part is where the speaker will explain their point and add reasons to convince the audience to agree with them.

Here's an example for the speech title that I came up with about recycling.

When we do not recycle paper, trees have to be cut down and used instead.

Have you ever really thought about where those trees come from? Sadly, it's places such as the Amazon Rainforest, which is home to millions of animals.

However, it is estimated by 2050 that over 40% of this rainforest will have been completely destroyed.

Every time a person throws paper into the bin rather than recycling it, they are adding to the problem.

Please ask yourself, are you going to be a part of the problem or a part of the solution? So that is my explanation.

You can see I have elaborated, I have extended my reason and talked about it, given details, explained what will happen if people don't recycle.

That is where your explanation comes in to help convince the audience to agree with you.

Let's look at what features I have included so far.

A clear purpose? Yes, I've made sure that my speeches a clear purpose.

I know what I'm trying to do.

I know the impact I'm trying to have on the audience.

Rhetorical questions? Yes, I did use a rhetorical question, didn't I? I asked the audience, let's go back and have a look.

I asked the audience, have you ever really thought about where those trees come from? I also asked at the end another rhetorical question, please ask yourself, are you going to be part of the problem or a part of the solution? So I have used rhetorical questions.

Anecdotes? Not yet.

That's why I haven't coloured that one in purple because I haven't used that yet.

It's not to say it won't come up in my speech because my speech isn't finished yet.

I've done the point, the explanation.

I still have prove and summary to go, but I haven't used an anecdote yet, which is a short story told from your own life experience.

Facts and statistics? I actually have.

Now often these might come up in the proof section, but I've used them in the explanation because I wanted to paint a a clear picture of what will happen if we do not recycle.

Quotations? Not yet.

Repetition? Not yet.

Addressing the audience? Absolutely.

I spoke to them clearly.

I asked them rhetorical questions.

And, provoking an emotional response.

I did do that in my explanation when I started to make the audience feel a little guilty when I said to them, are you going to be a part of the problem or the solution? I wanted them to think about a time when perhaps they hadn't recycled and think, well, I'm not going to do that again because I want to be part of the solution.

Let's start looking at the proof now.

The proof is the part where the speaker can share evidence with the audience that supports their argument.

Here is my proof.

I recently watched a documentary about deforestation and was shocked to see the damage we are doing to our planet.

The expert on the documentary said, "We all have a responsibility to protect the natural world." And hearing this made it even harder to see the bins in our classrooms filled with paper which should have been recycled.

And that's my proof.

I have told an anecdote about an experience I had, which was watching a documentary, and I've used a quote from an expert and I've delivered that to the audience to be able to almost bring the expert into my speech with me, to have them supporting my arguments.

So, we've got the clear purpose, the rhetorical questions.

I now have an anecdote.

Facts and statistics are there.

Quotations from that expert are there now.

Not repetition yet.

Addressing the audience, and provoking an emotional response.

Now is it a big problem that I have not used repetition so far in my speech? Do we have to include all of these features? No.

These are the features we know make up a brilliant speech.

Lots of famous speeches through history have used these features.

However, there is no requirement for all of these to be used in a speech.

And in a way I would rather you didn't use all of them than forcing them in where they don't belong, where they're not natural.

So I haven't used repetition and I'm not panicking.

I only have the summary section left.

Maybe I'll be able to get that in.

If not, it's not a problem.

Let's check our understanding so far.

I want you to match the parts of the PEPS structure to the descriptions.

So we've got point, explanation, and proof.

And then we have three descriptions, but which belongs to which part of the PEPS structure? The first one is, when a speaker shares evidence with the audience that supports their opinion.

Is that the point, the explanation or the proof? Then we have, when a speaker can justify their opinion with reasoning.

Is that point, explanation or proof? And finally, when a speaker tells the audience what the speech is all about and shares their opinion.

Is that point, explanation or proof? Pause the video and decide for yourself now.

Welcome back.

Let's see if you were able to match these correctly.

So the first one is the point.

Point belongs to, when a speaker tells the audience what their speech is all about and shares their opinion; that is the point.

This is the first thing that comes along and it's when a speaker shares their opinion.

The explanation is that, when a speaker shares evidence with the audience that supports their opinion, or when a speaker can justify their opinion with a reason.

Well, well done if you said reasoning.

It's that one, when a speaker can justify their opinion with reasoning.

That's when you give reasons to justify and support your opinion.

Which means proof is when a speaker shares evidence.

Proof, and evidence, they basically mean the same thing.

With the evidence, when a speaker shares evidence with the audience that supports their opinion.

Well done if you've got those three correct.

Let's move on to a practise task.

And the task I would like you to do is write the point, explanation, and proof parts of the PEPS structure for your own speech.

You can choose one of these speech titles or I am more than happy for you to use your own.

The titles that I can give you are, why eating healthy foods is important.

So you might want to write a speech all about that.

The best subject at school.

And of course you can choose any subject you want to.

Why mobile phones should be banned for under 12s.

So you can use any of these speech titles to write your own speech or come up with your own.

Remember, you are only writing the point, the explanation, and the proof parts of the PEPS structure.

Pause the video and have a go now.

Welcome back.

I am so happy that you've managed to get your point, your explanation, and your proof parts of the PEPS structure down.

I'm gonna show you an example that I came up with.

And the speech title is, the best Subject at school.

I wonder if any of you chose that for your speech title.

First my point, and you can see on the right hand side, I've put the point, the explanation and the proof part so you can clearly see the three sections of my structure.

I believe the best subject at school is English because it teaches children to be able to communicate, which is an essential skill for later life.

Life is full of times when a person needs to be able to communicate clearly, either in writing or out loud.

English is the subject that provides future generations with the skills to do this.

English is the subject that teaches us how to write and read.

English is the subject that exposes thousands of children to rich stories and characters.

I have taught English for many years and have seen so many children improve their overall confidence because they've developed the ability to communicate effectively.

Quick question for you, did you notice a feature that's appeared in the explanation? Yes, it was of course repetition.

English is the subject that, English is the subject that, English is the subject that.

Three times I've started my sentence with, English is the subject that.

I'm really reinforcing that point by giving three sentences with three different reasons about why English is so great.

So now let's move on to the next part of our lesson outline where we are going to focus on summarising a speech.

Have you ever noticed that your teacher will often recap the important parts of a lesson again at the end? This can be referred to as a summary, and it is a very useful thing to do to help people fully remember and understand things.

When making a speech, a summary will briefly recap the main parts of the speech again for the audience, and this will take place at the very end of the speech.

Let's check our understanding.

Where would a speaker deliver the summary part of the PEPS structure? A, at the start of their speech; B, in the middle of their speech; Or C at the end of their speech? Pause the lesson now and decide for yourself.

And welcome back.

We know that the S in PEPS stands for summary.

It comes at the end of the PEPS structure.

It's at the end of their speech.

Well done if you've got that correct.

There are lots of times when we listen to, watch or read summaries, but we may not realise it.

A teacher will often summarise their lesson at the end, we said that.

A news report will summarise the main headlines.

So at the very end they'll just go back through the main headlines again, not in detail, but just to summarise what's happened.

A football programme will summarise a match by showing highlights.

In the evening, they might show the summary of a match on the news or on a football TV show, but they won't show the whole match in its entirety, they will just pick the most important parts.

The bits so that at the end of the summary you have a real sense of what's happened in the match without having to watch it all.

A book's blurb will summarise the story to entice a person to read it.

So at the back page of a book or on the back cover rather I should say, you see a blurb and that blurb is enticing you to read it because it's a summary of the story.

Streaming platforms will summarise a movie or a show to help viewers decide if they'd like to watch it.

So sometimes these are called trailers and they can also be written down like a blurb in a book and they are enticing you to decide if you'd like to watch the show.

It's a summary.

A speaker should use the summary part of their speech to briefly remind the audience of the most important things they've said so far.

These would include the point, which can be repeated in full, brief highlights of the explanation and brief highlights of the proof.

Let's check our understanding.

Which should a speaker use the summary to do, or what should a speaker use the summary to do? Is it A, repeat their speech in full; B, start a new speech; Or C, briefly remind the audience of the most important things they've said so far? A, B, or C? Pause the video now and decide for yourself.

Welcome back.

So we know the job of the summary is not to repeat the speech in full, and it's definitely not to start a new speech.

It's C, to just briefly remind the audience of the most important things that have been said so far.

Well done if you got that correct.

Summarising our argument for recycling.

So let me show you an example of a summary that I'm going to use.

Now, let's break it down by each part.

This is the point, and I've highlighted the whole of the point in green because I'm going to use everything.

For the point, I absolutely can take the whole point in its entirety.

I believe that recycling is so important because it will help to save many species of animals from losing their homes.

It is the most important part of your entire speech.

It is when you give your opinion, and that's why for our summary we're going to use all of it.

The explanation.

We will definitely not be using all of it.

And you can see about half of my explanation has been highlighted in green.

I'm going to use, when we do not recycle paper trees, when we do not recycle paper, trees have to be cut down and used instead.

I think that's really important.

I'm going to talk about where those trees come from.

I'm gonna ask that question and say about the Amazon Rainforest.

I'm not gonna give the facts and figures 'cause I've done that already.

I don't feel like I need to recap those.

And I'm gonna say about every time a person throws paper into the bin rather than recycling it, they're adding to the problem.

I think that's a good message to have in my summary.

And my proof? I'm only gonna actually use a very small part of it.

I want to take the experts quote, and I'm gonna put that into my summary too.

So here is my summary, how it looks, and I'm going to read it to you now.

I believe that recycling is so important because it will help to save many species of animals from losing their homes.

When we do not recycle paper, trees have to be cut down and used instead.

Where do those trees come from? Sadly it's places such as the Amazon Rainforest, which is home to millions of animals.

Every time a person throws paper into the bin rather than recycling it, they're adding to the problem.

We all have a responsibility to protect the natural world.

And that will be the end of my speech.

The end of the summary is the end of your speech.

We know we repeat the point in full, really important.

We use important parts of the explanation and important parts of the proof, but not the whole explanation and not the whole proof.

Now let's check your understanding.

What should be included in a speaker's summary? Is it A, the whole speech; B, the most important parts; Or C, new points the audience haven't heard before? Pause the video now and decide is it A, B or C.

And welcome back.

So we know the summary is not the time to repeat the whole speech.

It is not the time, so that's, A, out.

It's not the time to make new points the audience haven't heard before.

So that's, C, out.

It is the most important parts.

That's what we include in our summary.

Okay, it's over to you for a practise.

I would like you to write a summary for this speech that highlights the most important parts.

So the best subject at school is my speech title.

There's my speech.

Your job is to be able to choose parts of this to make up a summary.

Let me read this speech to you now.

You can see I've broken it down into three paragraphs, one for point, one for explanation and one for proof.

The best subject at school.

I believe the best subject of school is English because it teaches children to be able to communicate which is an essential skill for later life.

Life is full of times that a person needs to be able to communicate clearly, either in writing or out loud.

English is the subject that provides future generations with the skills to do this.

English is the subject that teaches us how to read and write.

English is the subject that exposes thousands of children to rich stories and characters.

I have taught English for many years and have seen so many children improve their overall confidence because they've developed the ability to communicate effectively.

I would like you to pause the video, take this speech, choose the most important parts to make your summary.

Pause the video now.

Welcome back.

Okay, let's have a look at an example.

Here you can see I've highlighted the parts that I'm going to take for my summary.

I've highlighted the whole of the proof, about half of the explanation and a bit of the proof.

Let's have a look at how that reads all together.

The best subject at school.

I believe the best subject at school is English, because it teaches children to be able to communicate, which is an essential skill for later life.

Life is full of times when a person needs to be able to communicate clearly, either in writing or out loud.

English is a subject that provides future generations with the skills to do this.

I have seen so many children improve their overall confidence because they've developed the ability to communicate effectively.

And that will be the end of my speech.

Excellent work today.

Let's make a summary of what we have learned.

We know that before a speaker begins writing their speech, they must decide the title and the purpose.

Following the PEPS structure can help your speech flow and make it easier for an audience to follow.

And spending time preparing your speech will help you to make it successful.

A really important lesson in helping you to be ready to deliver that speech to an audience.

Writing the speech and being prepared will help you to feel confident and ensure that when you do deliver that speech, it's to the best of your ability.

I will see you again soon.

Thank you for your hard work today.