Lesson video

Hello, and welcome to today's spelling lesson.

I'm Mr. Moss, I love spelling and I'm really looking forward to teaching you.

With you today, you need to bring your looking eyes, your listening ears, and your thinking brains as well as that something to write with and write on, and someone or something to talk to would be great as well.

Well, let's get on with today's spelling lesson then.

In today's lesson, we're going to be adding the suffix -ed to verbs.

The outcome will be, I can spell a word in the past tense using the suffix -ed.

Here are the key words for today's lesson.

My turn, your turn.

Suffix, past tense, present tense, verb.

Let's say that one more time: suffix.

Make sure I can hear you saying these back to me.

Present tense, past tense, verb.

Let's have a think about what these words mean then.

"A suffix is a letter or group of letters "added to the end of a root word.

"The present tense tells the reader "the action is happening now.

"The past tense shows that the action happened before now.

"And a verb is a doing or a being word." So today we're going to be taking present tense verbs and we're going to be adding the -ed suffix to these verbs to turn them into past tense verbs.

Here's the outline for today's lesson.

We're going to be adding the suffix -ed to verbs.

First of all, we're going to look at some rules for adding that suffix, and then we're going to practise and apply some spellings.

Let's get on with looking at rules for using the suffix -ed then.

So it's important that we remember that a suffix is a letter or group of letters at the end of a word, which creates another word.

Here we have the root word hope, and onto that where we've added the -ful suffix, F-U-L to create the new word: hopeful.

Here we've got the root word dress, and we've made this now a plural by adding the -es suffix to create dresses, meaning more than one dress.

Here we have smile, and we're adding the -ed suffix, the suffix that we are looking at today.

I smile.

I smiled.

The tense of that original root word has now changed, and also the spelling of that root word has changed.

I've removed the e and then added my -ed suffix.

Interestingly, there are lots of different types of suffixes, and these are just three examples, <v ->ful, -es and -ed.

</v> And really interestingly, there are different rules for how the root word changes dependent on that root word and the suffix that we're adding.

So we're gonna have a read of some words.

My turn, your turn.

Talked, wanted, tried, worried, danced or danced, tasted, hopped, clapped.

What do you notice about these words? What are they all ending in? What suffix can you see? Pause the video, try and say those words again as well and think, is there anything interesting in them about the way that they sound compared to how they're spelt? Have a think now.

Good job team.

So I can see here that they all end in the suffix -ed.

These are verbs in the past tense, so they show actions that have already happened, that have occurred in the past.

I also noticed that in some of them, it sometimes sounds like a t, d, or id but it is always consistently spelt with that -ed suffix.

For instance, in the word talked, I don't say talked, I say talked, sounds like a t, but it's an -ed spelling.

Clapped is the same.

I didn't say clapped, I say clapped.

So you have to be very, very careful.

But remember that we're adding -ed to put these verbs into the past tense.

"In these sentences, the past tense indicates "that the actions occurred all in the past," they have already happened.

We talked about the story yesterday.

Remember, be careful, some of these words with that -ed suffix sound like a t at the end.

"We talked about the story yesterday." So it's happened in the past.

"I tried my best in the exam last week." Tried, it's got that id sound there.

"I tried my best in the exam last week." Last week, it was in the past.

"They danced or danced until their feet hurt." That dancing has taken place.

It happened in the past.

"We tasted the cake mixture before it went in the oven." So again, in the past.

"These verbs are in the past tense form, "which often includes adding the -ed suffix." Not all the time, mind you, but often.

"Choose the correct words "to complete these sentences." <v ->Ed is a type of uh that is added to the uh of a word.

</v> When -ed is added to the end of a word, it usually shows the uh tense.

There's three gaps there, and you've got six words to pick from.

Pick the correct words and complete that sentence for me now.

Off you go.

Great job team.

Let's see how you've done then.

"-Ed is a type of suffix "that is added to the end of a word." Remember, prefixes at the beginning of a word, suffixes at the end.

When -ed is added to the end of a word, it usually shows the past tense.

So actions that have already happened.

Let's read this through one more time.

"-Ed is a type of suffix that is added to the end of a word.

"When -ed is added to the end of a word, "it usually shows the past tense." Brilliant.

There are four rules when we add this -ed suffix.

Here are our four rules.

Sometimes we can just add -ed to that root word.

Here I have ask or ask and I just have to add -ed to make asked.

Walk, I just add -ed to make walked.

And enjoy, I just add -ed to make enjoyed.

I enjoyed.

They are all past tense verbs.

If the root word ends in a y, we often have to remove that y before adding -ied.

The root words cry, carry and hurry that all make that i or e sound with that y spelling.

We remove that y and add -ied to create cried, carried, hurried.

If the root word ends in an e, we remove the e and then add -ed.

The root words; smile, bake and slice or a split e digraphs.

We remove the e and oh, sorry, i split e or a split e digraphs.

We remove that e and then add -ed to make; smiled, baked and sliced.

And if we have a short vowel sound followed by a single consonant, we double that consonant before adding -ed.

Hop, clap and control is a slightly different one, ending in an l where we double the l, but hop or clap, oh, oh, ah, ah, short vowel sound, double the p in each one, the consonant, and then add -ed.

And on control we do the same there.

So let's revise each rule and see what we can remember about them.

Often we can just add the suffix -ed to the root word without changing it.

Talk becomes talked.

Be careful sounds like a t bit it's that -ed spelling.

Help becomes helped.

Ask or ask becomes asked or asked.

This usually happens when the verb ends in two consonant letters.

If we can look at the examples of; talk, help and ask or ask, we can see lk, two consonants; lp two consonants, and sk two consonant letters.

So we are just adding -ed.

This will also happen after a vowel digraph.

When the vowel sound is a long or in a two-syllable word where this first syllable is stressed.

And we can see that here, stay.

We have that vowel digraph and we just add -ed to make stayed.

And here offer and we can hear that first syllable stressed: of, offer.

And so we just have to add -ed there.

So often we can just add our -ed suffix to create past tense verbs.

How will these words change when the suffix -ed is added to them then? Talk, ask or ask, enjoy.

Remember looking at spending the root word can help us to spell the new word.

How am I gonna spell talked, asked or asked and enjoyed? Think about those root words.

Think about do they have two consonant letters? Are they part of a vowel digraph? What does that then mean when we add that -ed suffix? Pause the video and have a go at spelling; talked, asked and enjoyed.

Off you go.

Great, well, I can see in talk, I have two consonant letters, so I just add -ed.

I can see in ask or ask, I have two consonant letters sk, I just add -ed.

And I can see I have a vowel digraph here, O-Y, oy, enjoy, I just add -ed.

Our rule here, we just add -ed.

When the root word ends in a y, the y is replaced with an i before that suffix -ed is added.

This can be when that y is making either an e or an i sound.

Let's look at this in action.

Worry becomes worried.

That's that y making that e sound worry.

I remove the y add -ied.

Carry, again, the y making an e sound carry.

Remove the y, add -ied for carried.

And cry that y they're making an i sound, remove the y, add -ied.

There are, however, some exceptions to this.

If the y is part of a digraph, like the word enjoy that we looked at previously coming after a vowel, so that o as a vowel digraph, enjoy, then this rule doesn't work.

Okay, we don't have to remove the y, add, ied.

The word play for instance, A-Y, ay, the y is coming after a vowel and is part of a vowel digraph ay, ay.

We just add -ed.

Enjoy, oy, O-Y, vowel digraph.

Just add ed.

So remember, if the root word is making that e or i sound there with the y, we commonly remove the y and then i add -ied.

But there are some exceptions where that y is part of vowel digraphs.

So how will these words change when the suffix -ed is added? Think about the rules that we've looked at so far.

I've got the words, worry, cry, and carry.

I want you to think carefully about the root word.

Think about how it's spelt.

Think about the sound at the end.

How am I going to change that root word and add my -ed suffix? Pause the video and have a go at spelling; worried, cried, and carried.

Off you go.

Good job team.

So worry, gonna remove the y, add -ied.

Cry, remove the y and add -ied.

Carry, remove the y, add -ied.

In all of these instances, remove the y and then add -ied.

So that's two rules down.

Two more to go.

This is our third rule now.

When that root word ends in an e, we remove the e before then adding our -ed suffix.

We don't want to have two e's, then our d.

So smile becomes smiled.

Share becomes shared.

Use becomes used.

Otherwise smile would be smileed.

And we'd have that ee and it wouldn't look right would it.

And it'd be the same for shared and used.

So how will these words that end in an e change when the suffix -ed is added? How am I gonna spell; sliced, used, baked? Remember to look at the spelling of the root word.

They all end in an e.

What's our rule? Pause the video.

How I go at spelling; sliced, used, baked.

Off you go.

Great.

Yeah, very straightforward, right.

All of these root words end in an e, so we need to remove the e before then adding our -ed suffix to spell; sliced, used, baked.

The rule: remove the e, then add -ed.

Our final rule then.

When the word contains a short vowel sound and ends with a consonant, the consonant is doubled before we add the -ed suffix.

So stop here, becomes stopped.

Be careful, sounds like a t at the end, but it's that -ed.

Notice here how I've doubled the consonants because I had oh, oh, short vowel sound.

Remember our short vowel sounds are ah, eh, ih, oh, uh.

You have a short vowel sound followed by single consonant, double the consonant before adding your -ed suffix.

Chat, ah, ah, sort a vowel there, becomes chatted.

Hug, uh, uh, short u becomes hugged, double the consonants.

This pattern helps us to pronounce the words correctly, and it emphasises then that consonant.

"The final consonant is also doubled "when the root word has two syllables "and the final syllable is stressed." So really emphasise it.

The root word ends in, or when the root word ends in a single vowel letter followed by a single consonant letter.

So refer here: refer.

I really emphasise that second syllable: refer.

Both emphasised, refer.

Double the consonant, add -ed.

Commit, i is really emphasised there.

It's my second syllable: committed.

Double the consonant add -ed.

Control: Control, again emphasise, stressed as we would say, and then double the l -ed.

If the last syllable is not stressed, the last letter is not doubled.

And this can be quite difficult to hear, but you just have to listen out.

Offer: it's not the same as refer, offer.

It's not as clearly emphasised or stressed.

So here I don't have to double it and add -ed.

There aren't too many words where this is the case.

So it's important that you just learn these by sight and also then just listen out for those stressed and unstressed vowels.

How will these words change when the -ed suffix is added then? Bearing in mind those rules of doubling the consonant that we've just looked at.

So we have; stop, clap, control.

Look carefully at those root words.

How am I going to spell; stopped, clapped controlled? Think about what our rule is.

Pause the video and have a go at spelling them now.

Great job.

So stopped, -ed remember, sounds like a t, but we're gonna double that consonant 'cause there's a short vowel, oh, oh, double the consonant add -ed.

Clap again, ah, ah, short vowel, double the constant add -ed.

Controlled: two syllables, our second syllable there is stressed.

We double the l, add -ed.

Our rule, double the consonant then add -ed.

So we have four children here that represent the four rules for adding the -ed suffix that we've looked at.

I want you to add the suffix -ed to each of these root words and then match it to the rules that it follows.

Our root words are; bake, worry, help, commit.

I want you to have a go adding -ed to these words, and think about which rule they're using.

Pause the video and have a think now.

Great, so bake is gonna become baked.

That root word there ends in an e, doesn't it? Bake.

So I need to remove the e and then add -ed.

So I'm following that rule.

Worry will become worried.

Root word there, that e sound worry is being made with a y.

I remove the y, add -ied.

So I'm following this rule here.

And help: two consonant letters at the end there.

So I can just add -ed.

And then finally commit: my second syllable there is stressed.

I'm going to double that t and double the consonant and add -ed.

So for our practise task now what I'd like you to do for me is I'd like you to put the words underneath into the correct column and show what will happen when we add the -ed suffix to them.

So make the changes to the root words if there are any changes.

We have the four columns here.

Just add -ed, remove the y and add -ied.

Remove the e and add -ed.

And double the consonant and add -ed.

Think about the rules we've looked at.

And our words are; share, help, cry, hug, clap, bake, talk, carry, enjoy, control, worry and use.

So pause the video now, add these to the correct columns and have a go at changing the words if they need to be changed and add the -ed suffix.

Off you go.

Great job team.

Let's see how you've done them.

I'm hoping you've managed to sort them like this.

Help, talk and enjoy, all follow the rule there of having either two consonant letters and also our vowel digraph for y.

So we just had to add -ed.

Cry, carry, and worry all ended in that y, making an i or e sound, so remove the y added -ied.

Share, bake and use, we all, when use all had ending and e.

So we remove the e and then added -ed.

And hug, clap and control.

Hug and clap both have that short vowel sound followed by single a consonant, so we doubled the consonant.

And control, the second syllable there was stressed.

We doubled the consonant and added -ed.

Pause the video, see how you did.

Do you need to make any corrections in your spellings? Now, off you go.

Onto our final learning cycle then, which is to practise and apply spellings.

So let's read a word.

My turn.

Your turn.

Heard.

Heard.

And this is in, I heard what you said.

Appear.

Appear.

Circle.

Circle.

Brilliant, so we have; heard, appear, circle.

What do you notice about these spellings? What's interesting about them? What might make them a bit trickier to spell and to remember how to spell? Perhaps what they may phonetically follow.

Pause the video.

Have a go at saying them again.

Have a think about these words.

Off you go.

So I've noticed in heard here we seem to have this ear spelling, which we might expect to make an ear sound.

It's funny as well because obviously we hear with our ear, don't we, and it's that past tense, I didn't say heared.

It's that regular past tense heard.

So the ear is making an er sound there.

So the ear there, the E-A-R spelling is making it an er sound like in the words; earth and early.

In appear we have double p, and this time we have that ear again.

The double p here is in the word appear, and that E-A-R behaving like you'd expect it to.

It's making a different sound to the E-A-R in heard.

It's making an ear sound.

And finally in circle we have both a soft c and a hard c.

C, c soft c at the beginning, er, coo hard c, and then our le ending.

These are all curriculum words that will appear very often in our reading writings.

So it's really important that we know how to spell them.

Heard, appear, circle.

So which of these have the words that we've just read are spelt correctly? Which is the correct spelling of the word heard? I heard what you said.

Pause the video and point to it now.

Great job.

Absolutely, it's this one here.

Be careful though, there is a homophone for this word, which is H-E-R-D, as in a herd of cows or a herd of cattle, a herd of sheep.

So watch out for those.

Homophones, remember are words that sound the same but are spelt differently and have different meanings.

Heard, the spelling I was looking for H-E-A-R-D, that E-A-R spelling for that er sound as in, I heard you, the past tense of to hear.

Which is the correct spelling of the word appear.

I appear before you.

Brilliant.

Absolutely double P-P-E-A-R.

So this one is our correct one.

And finally, which is the correct spelling of the word circle? Pause the video and point to it now.

Good job team.

So we have a soft c and a hard c here: circle It's this one here with that L-E at the end as well.

So now we're gonna practise using words that follow our four rules for adding our -ed suffix to create past tense verbs.

Remember in some words we just add -ed.

In some words we remove the y and add -ied.

Some words we remove the e and add -ed.

And in other words we have to double the consonant at the end of the word and add -ed.

So which rule is being used here? I've got three word pairs.

Marry, becoming married.

Jump, becoming jumped.

And play, becoming played.

Which rule is being used? Are we just adding -ed or removing the y and adding -ied? Pause the video and match these word pairs now to the correct rule.

Off you go.

Great.

Let's look at that word marry.

Marry: oh it's that y making that e sound.

I remove the y and add -ied.

Jump, becoming jumped, two consonant letters at the end there, I just have to add -ed.

And play, this is this one where we don't have to remove the y and add -ied 'cause it's part of a vowel digraph, so I just have to add -ed here.

Have a look here.

I've got three other word pairs; like and liked, slice and sliced, plan and planned.

Am I removing the e and adding -ed? Or am I doubling the consonant and then adding -ed? Pause the video.

Match these pairs to the correct rule now.

Off you go.

Good job team.

Like has become liked.

The root word like, ending in e, i split e, remove the e and add -ed.

Slice is the same, i split e, remove the e and add -ed And plan, ah, ah, short vowel sound, double the single consonant n and then add -ed.

So I'm gonna read you some sentences now and I'd like you to choose the correct spelling for each sentence based upon the four rules that we've looked at.

I smiled when I saw my grandma at the door.

We played football on the weekend.

Andeep's mom got married in the summer.

She slipped over on the icy pavement.

Pause the video and select the correct spellings to finish each sentence now.

Off you go.

Good job team.

Let's see how you've done then.

I smiled: my root word is there is smile, isn't it.

And i split e with the l continent coming between the split digraph.

So I just need to remove the e and add -ed.

I don't want to have a word ending in two e's and a d.

We played, play: when it's ending in a y, but it's part of a vowel digraph.

So I just have to add -ed.

Andeep's mum got married.

That's that e sound with that y spelling.

Remove the y and add -ied.

And she slipped over on the icy pavement.

Be careful with this one.

It sounds like a t, but remember we've not been adding the suffix -t, have we, to create past tense verbs, we've been adding -ed.

And it's doubling of the continent 'cause ih, ih, short vowel sound, single p and slip the root word, double the p add -ed.

Great job everyone.

So spelling rules can help us now to spell words, but we also really have to practise sometimes as well.

There's no replacement for good old practise.

When we practise words, we remember them more easily, but spend more time looking at them, and think carefully about them, and we become way more confident when using them, especially in our writing.

There are many different strategies that we can use.

A strategy we're going to use today is the; look, cover, write, check strategy.

So this is how this, look, cover, write, check, strategy works.

And you are gonna have a go using it in your practise task.

Now you are gonna have a go at using this strategy to practise the words; used, floated, cried, committed, and heard, which is our regular past tense of hear because we don't say heared.

So the way the strategy works is, as its name suggests, you look carefully at the spelling.

I think what's interesting about it, I try and memorise it.

I then cover the spelling up and I've remembered it.

Used: U-S-E-D.

I then have a go at writing it in my neatest handwriting of course.

And then I finally check, I look, uncover the spelling and see how I spelt it.

I spelt it right.

If I didn't spell it right, it wouldn't be a problem.

I'd just try using the strategy again and make some corrections.

If I get it right first time, I'm not gonna stop there, I'm gonna keep doing it.

The beauty of this strategy is, is it's independent and repetitive.

And if you do it in your best cursive handwriting, you are making really good links between your muscle memory, and your motor memory, and your brain.

So remember; look, cover, write, check.

I want you to have a go at doing this now a number of times for each of these five words.

Pause the video.

Off you go.

Fantastic job team.

So how did you do that? Did you manage to spell all of your words correctly? I'm hoping you have something that's a bit like this; used, floated, cried, committed, and heard spelt out using that strategy a number of times repetitively.

If you need to make any corrections now pause the video, make those corrections.

Off you go.

Great spelling today, everyone.

In today's lesson we've been adding the suffix -ed to verbs.

The -ed suffix can be used to create past tense verbs, so actions that have happened in the past.

The suffix -ed can sound like -id, d or t at the end of a word, but it's always spelt with those -ed letters.

When using the -ed suffix, there are four key rules for you to remember.

Just add -ed.

Remove the y and add -ied.

Remove the e and add -ed.

Add double the consonant and add -ed.

Keep up the great spelling everyone, and in particular keep up that great spelling practise.

I'll see you again soon.