Lesson video

Hello, and welcome to today's spelling lesson.

I'm Mr. Moss.

I love spelling, and I'm really looking forward to teaching you.

With you today, you need to bring your looking eyes, your listening ears, and your thinking brains.

As well as that, something to write with and write on, and someone or something to talk to would be great as well.

Well, let's get on with today's spelling lesson then.

In today's spelling lesson, we're going to be using the suffix O-U-S, which makes an us sound at the end of words.

The outcome will be I can add the suffix O-U-S to root words.

Here are the key words for today's learning.

My turn, your turn, and make sure I can hear you saying these back to me.

Suffix.

Brilliant.

Root word.

Noun.

Adjective.

Fantastic.

So let's have a chat about what these words mean then.

A suffix is a letter or group of letters added to the end of a root word.

And the suffix that we are adding to words today is O-U-S.

A root word is the base word from which other words are formed, often by adding prefixes or suffixes, and remember, today, we're adding suffixes at the end of a word.

A noun is a naming word.

A person, a place, or a thing.

And an adjective describes a noun.

It tells you what it's like.

So today, we are going to take nouns as our root words, and we are going to add the O-U-S suffix to those root words to create adjectives, words that describe nouns.

Here's the outline for today's lesson.

We're going to be using the suffix O-U-S.

We're gonna begin by looking at rules for adding that O-U-S suffix.

You may recognise some of these rules as being similar to the rules that we use when adding other suffixes.

And finally, we're going to practise and apply our spellings.

So let's get on with looking at some rules for using this O-U-S suffix.

Remember that a suffix is a group of letters at the end of a word which creates another word.

Unlike prefixes, suffixes often change the word's tense or word class.

Offer here becomes offered.

My suffix is E-D.

Joy has become joyful.

Box has become boxing.

These are just three examples of suffixes, E-D, I-N-G, and F-U-L.

And you'll notice that when using other suffixes, the root word might change.

In these instances, the root word has not had to change.

There are lots of different types of suffix, and remember we're using the O-U-S suffix today, and there are different rules for how the root word will change when we add certain suffixes.

Sometimes it will stay the same, sometimes it will change.

So let's have a read of some words.

Poisonous.

Poisonous.

My turn, your turn.

Dangerous.

Oh, I'm hearing that us sound quite a lot.

Famous.

I'm also seeing that O-U-S spelling at the end of the word, hmm.

Various.

Humorous, ha ha, ha.

Glamorous, obvious, hideous.

Have a look at these words with me.

Have a go at saying them again.

Do you hear a certain sound repeated? Have a look at the spellings.

Do you see certain graphemes represented again and again? Just pause the video and have a think.

Brilliant.

All of these words end in our O-U-S suffix, which makes an us sound at the end of the word.

Adding the suffix -ous creates an adjective.

All of these words are adjectives.

Remember, adjectives are words which describe nouns.

They tell you what nouns are like.

The suffix O-U-S often means full of.

If something's poisonous, it's full of poison.

If something's dangerous, it's filled with danger.

An adjective ending in O-U-S often shows the quality or state relating to the root word.

So my root word in poisonous is poison.

O-U-S means full of poison.

Humour is whether you find something funny or not.

If something is humorous, it's full of funniness.

The O-U-S suffix often turns nouns into adjectives.

This won't always be the case, but let's look at some examples where it is the case.

The danger is near.

The word danger here is a thing.

It's a noun.

The fox is dangerous.

The word dangerous here is describing our fox.

Fox is our noun.

Dangerous is an adjective.

Remember, an adjective is a word that describes a noun.

And you can see here I've taken my root word danger and I've added my O-U-S suffix onto the end of it to create a new word, dangerous, and it's changed the word class to create an adjective.

Where it was a noun, it is now an adjective.

Have a look at these words for me.

I've got mountain and mountainous, and I've got two sentences.

The mountain is colossal.

The country is mountainous.

In which sentence is the word a noun, and in which sentence is the word an adjective.

Pause the video, read the sentences, and select the word class for the word in purple in each sentence.

Off you go.

Brilliant job.

So in our first sentence, mountain is a noun.

It's a thing.

And in our second sentence, the O-U-S suffix has been added to mountain to create an adjective.

The adjective there, mountainous, is describing the country.

The country in that sentence is the noun.

Mountainous is an adjective.

Remember, adjectives describe nouns.

So remember, sometimes when we add O-U-S to that root word, it is going to create an adjective from what was originally a noun.

Adding the suffix, O-U-S then.

We have four options here.

What does adding the suffix O-U-S do? Does it change the tense for a word, create an adjective, help us to compare things, or create plurals? Pause the video, finish that sentence with the correct choice from a, b, c, or d.

Off you go.

Great job, team.

So absolutely it is b.

Adding O-U-S often creates adjectives.

We take a root word, we add O-U-S to it.

Where it was once and noun, it's now an adjective.

It doesn't change the tense of a word.

It doesn't help us to compare things.

And it also doesn't create plurals.

As the suffix O-U-S begins with a vowel, it follows many of the usual patterns that we use when adding suffixes.

So in some instances, we just have to add O-U-S to the end of the root word.

In other instances, we have to remove the Y and add an I before adding O-U-S.

In other instances, we remove the E and then add O-U-S.

So let's have a look at this in action.

I can see danger and hazard as my root words, and I've just added O-U-S to each of them to create dangerous and hazardous.

The words famous and continuous came from the root words fame and continue, which ended in an E.

I removed the E before adding O-U-S to create famous and continuous.

And finally, vary and fury both ended in Y, so I removed the Y before adding I-O-U-S to create various and furious.

So let's look at how these words change.

Hazard becomes hazardous.

Hmm.

Danger becomes dangerous.

Mountain becomes mountainous.

Poison becomes poisonous.

Here we can see that our root word is staying the same.

There's no need to change it here.

There are lots of words with the suffix O-U-S where we can't recognise a root word.

In each of these, we can recognise the root word, but the word jealous, for instance, isn't coming from a root word which is recognisable for us.

Now look at what happens when the root word ends in an E before we add the O-U-S suffix.

I'm sure many of you already know what's going to happen to that E from the work that you've done on suffixes previously.

Fame has become famous.

Continue becomes continuous.

For something to happen again, and again, and again.

Courage becomes courageous.

Outrage becomes outrageous.

So here we can see that the E is being removed before the suffix O-U-S is added.

However, there are some examples where the E is kept, and that is when the E follows a G for that soft G sound.

Courage, outrage.

I'm not making a hard G sound.

It's a soft G.

G-E, when the root word ends in G-E, we can keep the E and add O-U-S.

But most of the time when the root word ends in an E, we remove the E before adding O-U-S.

If the final E is needed for the soft G sound, then that E is kept, and we can see that here in our adjectives courageous and outrageous.

What will the spelling of these words be when the suffix O-U-S is added then? Adventure, courage, fame.

So think about this.

Am I going to remove or keep the E? Remember the rules that we've just looked at.

I want to try and spell the words adventurous, courageous, and famous.

Pause the video.

How do you think those words are going to be spelled? Brilliant.

Let's look carefully at our root words.

Adventure.

I'm gonna remove the E and add O-U-S.

So I get rid of the E In this instance.

The word courage, though, that's an E after a G 'cause it's helping make that soft G sound, so I keep the E and just add O-U-S.

Fame.

I need to (whooshes) remove the E and add O-U-S to make the adjective famous.

Remember, if the root word ends in a G-E, we keep the E before adding O-U-S.

But our common rule is remove the E most often and add O-U-S, but be careful for those G-E words like courageous, outrageous.

Look at how these words change then.

Vary becomes various.

Fury becomes the adjective furious.

If the root word ends in a consonant and a Y, we change the Y to an I before adding our O-U-S suffix.

So that classic adding of a suffix, removing the Y, adding I before your suffix.

So here our rule is remove the Y, add I-O-U-S.

What will the spelling of these words ending in Y be when the suffix O-U-S is added then? Let's see if you've been paying attention.

I have here mystery and victory.

Remember, look at the spelling of the root word to help us spell the new adjective.

How am I going to spell mysterious and victorious? Pause the video.

How would I spell those words? Great job, team.

Well, mystery and victory as my nouns there end in a Y, don't they, and a consonant before that Y, the consonant R.

I have to remove the Y and add I-O-U-S.

Remember our rule.

Remove the Y and add I-O-U-S.

Now let's have a look at how these words change then.

Humour.

Humour, which is whether something's funny, that idea of funniness, becomes humorous, which means something that is really funny.

Glamour becomes glamorous.

She wore a glamorous dress.

If our root word ends in O-U-R, we change the O-U-R just to O-R before adding our O-U-S spelling.

So you'll notice here humour ends in O-U-R.

We remove the U there and end it in O-R before adding O-U-S.

Glamour ends in O-U-R.

We change that to end in O-R and then add O-U-S.

So our rule here is change O-U-R to O-R before adding O-U-S.

What would the spelling of these words ending in O-U-R be when we add that suffix O-U-S, then? Have a look here.

We have rigour, which means something that's either strict or careful, and we have vigour, which means strength.

I want to create rigorous and vigorous as adjectives.

Remember to look carefully at the root word.

Think about what it ends in.

What's going to change? How would I spell rigorous and vigorous? Pause the video and have a think.

Great job, team.

So they end in O-U-R.

What's our rule there? We change the O-U-R to O-R before adding O-U-S, rigorous, which is an adjective to describe something being difficult, or strict, or careful.

The test I had was rigorous.

And we can also then change vigour into vigorous.

Again, vigour ends in O-U-R, so we change the O-U-R to O-R before adding O-U-S, which means something filled with strength.

So our rule here is change O-U-R to O-R before adding our suffix O-U-S.

So we've looked then at four key rules here.

Just adding O-U-S, removing the E and adding O-U-S, but remember, not when it's G-E, removing the Y and adding I-O-U-S, and changing O-U-R at the end of the root word to O-R before adding O-U-S.

I have some root words down below here.

Courage, vary, fame, humour, joy, nerve, glamour, fury.

I want you to add the suffix O-U-S to these words and put them in the correct columns.

Pause the video.

Off you go.

Fantastic job, team.

Let's see how you've done then.

Courage ended in G-E, didn't it? Remember if the root word ends in G-E, we keep the E and add O-U-S.

Joy was that vowel digraph, O-Y.

We keep the Y there and add O-U-S.

Fame and nerve both ended in E.

We had to, whoosh, remove the E 'cause there was no G-E and add O-U-S.

And vary and fury both ended in a Y, but remember that Y was proceeded by a consonant, so we had to remove the Y and add I-O-U-S.

And humour and glamour both ended in O-U-R.

We changed the O-U-R to O-R before adding O-U-S.

Pause the video.

Make any corrections now to your table.

Off you go.

Onto our next learning cycle then, which is practise and apply some of the spellings that we've been looking at with that O-U-S suffix.

Let's begin by looking at some curriculum words though.

My turn, your turn.

Thought.

I thought of an idea.

Purpose.

What is the purpose of that? Suppose.

I don't suppose you could help me? Let's say these words one more time.

Thought, purpose, suppose.

Have a look at these words.

Say them again.

Think what's interesting about the way they're spelt given how they sound and the sounds they make.

Just pause the video and have a think.

Great.

Well, they are quite tricky words, aren't they? Thought in particular has that O-U-G-H for that or sound, doesn't it? I thought.

So watch out for that O-U-G-H.

And remember, we can remember this with that mnemonic device, oh you grumpy hippos.

Okay, thought.

Purpose has an O-U-S at the end there that's making an u sound, doesn't it? A bit like the O, sorry, has an O-S-E that's making an O-U-S sound like that u.

It sounds a bit like that suffix we've been looking at, but it's spelled O-S-E, so watch out for that.

And suppose has a double P in it.

And notice it also has an O-S-E spelling, but it's making a different sound this time.

It's making that O sound.

I suppose.

So be careful with these words.

They're all curriculum words, which are going to appear a lot in our reading and writing.

Let's take a snapshot of them now.

Thought, purpose, suppose.

Tch, brilliant.

So which is spelled correctly here, the word thought? Remember that mnemonic, oh you grumpy hippo.

Pause the video and point to the correct spelling now.

Great job, team.

I thought of an idea.

Oh you grumpy hippo.

O-U-G-H-T.

This one's our correct spelling here.

Remember saying oh you grumpy hippo as that mnemonic can help us to remember the order of the O-U-G-H spelling.

And let's have a look.

We've got two other words that we just looked at from our curriculum words.

Which is the correct spelling of the word purpose? What is its purpose? Pause the video and point to the correct spelling now.

Brilliant.

Don't get caught out.

I know it's making an us sound, but it's not that O-U-S spelling.

It's that O-S-E spelling here.

Purpose.

And finally suppose, suppose.

I suppose you're right.

Suppose.

Point to the correct spelling of suppose now.

Brilliant.

If you pointed to this one, you'd be correct.

We have a double P and then it's that O-S-E spelling, but making a different sound here from purpose.

Great job.

So now we can practise spellings using our four rules that we've looked at for adding the O-U-S suffix.

We can just add to some words O-U-S.

Remember when that word also ends in a G-E, we add O-U-S.

For other words that don't end in G-E, we remove the E and add O-U-S.

For some words, we remove the Y and add I-O-U-S, often when that Y is proceeded by consonant.

And other words that end in O-U-R as root words, we change to O-R and add O-U-S.

So let's look at these in action.

Courage ends in a G-E, so to make the word courageous, I just add O-U-S.

Joy is a vowel digraph with a Y.

I don't need to remove the Y.

I just add O-U-S.

Words ending in E, fame and nerve.

To make famous and nervous, remove the E and add O-U-S.

Vary and fury both end in a consonant and a Y, so I remove the Y and add I-O-U-S.

And humour and glamour ended those root words with O-U-R.

Change that to O-R and add O-U-S.

Remember, be careful with this.

If the root word ends in a G-E, we just have to add O-U-S.

We don't remove the E.

So with that in mind, here we have our four key rules here now in a, b, c, and d.

I'd like us to take our time to have a look at some root words and decide how we're going to spell the adjectives that we're creating by adding the O-U-S suffix and to choose the correct rule.

Our first word is poison.

Poison.

How am I going to spell poisonous? Which rule am I going to use? Pause the video and select the correct rule now.

Off you go.

Great job.

The root word is poisonous.

So here I've just had to add O-U-S.

Excellent.

The next root word is humour.

Think about how that root word's spelt.

Which rule are we going to use? Pause the video, have a go at spelling humorous, and select the correct rule now.

Off you go.

Great.

That root word ended in O-U-R.

What's our rule? We change the O-U-R to O-R and then add O-U-S, so we've used rule d.

Next root word.

Fury.

Fury.

I want you to write the word furious, which means I'm filled with fury, filled with anger, furious.

Which rule am I going to use? Have a go at spelling furious and select the correct rule now.

Off you go.

Great job, team.

Ending in a Y here, the Y is proceeded by a consonant.

It's not part of a vowel digraph, so I remove the Y and add I-O-U-S to create furious, that adjective.

The final one, nerve.

I want you to create the word nervous.

Look at that root word.

What does it end in? Which rule are you going to use? How am I going to find nervous? Pause the video and select the correct one now.

Off you go.

Great.

We can see here our root word is ending in an E, and it's not a G-E, so I'm gonna remove the E and add O-U-S to create the adjective nervous.

I'm feeling nervous.

Great.

We use rule c here.

Remove the E and add O-U-S.

So have a look here.

I've got three sentences.

Walking on the high wall is dangerous.

I was furious with my sister.

He enjoys reading humorous books, so funny books.

Hmm, I've got two options for each of our adjectives here.

One spelt correctly.

One spelt incorrectly.

Think about the rules we've looked at.

Pause the video and select the correct spellings for each sentence now.

Off you go.

Great job, team.

So the first one was dangerous.

Now, let's think.

Our root word there is danger.

I'm adding the O-U-S suffix to create my adjective here, so I just have to add O-U-S, danger-ous, O-U-S.

I was furious with my sister.

My root word here is fury, F-U-R-Y.

The Y there is proceeded by consonant, so I need to remove the Y and add I-O-U-S to create the adjective furious, filled with fury and anger.

He enjoys reading humorous books.

The root word humour there is spelled H-U-M-O-U-R.

Remember, if the root word ends in an O-U-R, we change the O-U-R to O-R and then add O-U-S.

So humorous is spelt like this.

Brilliant.

Show how each word will change when the suffix O-U-S is added using the spelling of the root word to help you.

So we have the root words continue, courage, and joy here.

How am I gonna spell continuous, courageous, and joyous? Consider the spelling of the root word.

Pause the video and have a go at spelling continuous, courageous, joyous now.

Off you go.

Brilliant.

So continuous would be spelled like this.

We're gonna remove the E and add O-U-S.

Courage though is different.

It's a G-E, so I keep the E there, because it's helping make that soft G, and add O-U-S for courageous.

And joyous is part of a vowel digraph.

The Y there, that's not proceeded by consonant, so I keep the Y and add O-U-S.

How did you do there? Did you manage to spell those correct, I wonder? Pause the video and check.

So onto our final practise task now.

I'm going to say some words that end in this us sound, our O-U-S suffix here to create adjectives.

Think carefully about the root words, sound out the words, and also read and check back the words that you write down in this mini spelling test that we're going to do.

So just listen to me carefully say the words first of all.

The first word is dangerous.

That is a dangerous plan.

My root word there is danger.

The next word is famous.

Famous.

Then we have number three is glamorous with my root word glamour.

Glamorous.

He wore a glamorous suit.

And number four, finally, furious.

I was furious at the decision.

So I'll say those one more time then you are gonna have a good at writing them.

Remember to consider the root words and the rules we've looked at today.

Dangerous, famous, glamorous, furious.

Pause the video and have a go at writing those now.

Fantastic job, team.

Let's see how you've done, then.

The first was dangerous.

I've seen dangerous written like this.

My root word is danger, which is D-A-N-G-E-R.

The spelling of that root word is not going to change.

I'm just going to add O-U-S.

I don't need to remove an E there.

Dangerous is our correct spelling.

The next one was famous.

Now, my root word here is fame, F-A-M-E.

Now, it's not G-E here, so I need to just remove the E and add O-U-S to create the word famous.

The next one was glamorous.

Now, the root word glamour there ends in the O-U-R spelling.

What do we do? We change the O-U-R to O-R and add O-U-S to create the word glamorous.

And furious.

My root word here is fury.

That's my noun.

I want to create an adjective, furious.

Fury ends in a Y there.

The Y is proceeded by consonant, so I need to remove the Y and add I-O-U-S to create furious.

How did you do there? What success did you have? Have you had any magical mistakes? Share your learning and make any corrections now.

Pause the video.

Great spelling today, everyone.

Today we've been using the O-U-S suffix.

Remember, the suffix is a letter or group of letters that we add to the end of a word.

That suffix, O-U-S, often turns nouns into adjectives, and often means full of that root word.

There are four spelling rules when adding our O-U-S suffix.

So some words we just add O-U-S, and especially those words ending in G-E.

In other words, we have to remove the E when it doesn't end in G-E and add O-U-S.

In certain words, we have to remove the Y when that Y is proceeded by a consonant letter and add I-O-U-S.

And in other words, the root word ending in O-U-R, we change that O-U-R to O-R and then add O-U-S.

Keep up the great spelling, keep up the great practise, and I'll see you again soon.