Lesson video

Hello, everyone.

My name's Mrs. Riley, and I'm here today to teach you some new vocabulary.

In today's lesson, we're going to be focusing on words that can be used to describe something that is cold, but as you'll see, as the lesson progresses, these words can be useful in lots of other contexts as well.

So they're going to be really useful words to add to our vocabulary toolkit.

Let's get started.

The outcome of today's lesson is to use the words frosty, numbing, and penetrating effectively in multiple contexts.

Here are our keywords we'll be using today.

Let's start off by just saying each word out loud.

My turn, your turn.

Are you ready? Noun.

Adjective.

Etymology.

Synonym.

Word pair.

Great, well done for joining in.

Let's see what each of these words means.

A noun is a naming word for people, places, or things.

An adjective is a word that describes a noun.

For example, if I was to describe the light, which is a noun, it's a thing, I could describe the bright light.

Etymology is the study of the origin of words and where and the ways their meanings have changed over time.

Let's just break that down a little bit.

The origin of words is where they came from and how they've changed over time.

So it's like looking at the history of a word because every word has a history.

Often our words come from, for example, Latin words, and they have been adapted or changed as time has gone on.

So when we look at the etymology of a word, we're looking at where it came from and what that word's history is.

A synonym is a word that has the same or similar meaning to another word.

For example, earlier we described the noun, light, the bright light.

We could also say the dazzling light.

Dazzling and bright are synonyms because they have a similar meaning.

Word pairs are words that often appear together.

For example, bright light, bright moon, bright sun.

These would all be word pairs of the word bright because they often appear together.

In our lesson today, we have three learning cycles, and in each learning cycle, we're going to learn a new cold word.

So let's start with our our first new cold word.

We're going to begin by looking closely at this illustration.

This is Bearnice.

Can you pause the video while you either have some thinking time to describe what's happening here, or if someone's close by, perhaps you could have a discussion about how Bearnice is feeling and what you think is happening in this picture.

Pause the video now.

Well done.

In this picture, Bearnice looks freezing cold, I think we'd all agree.

She has got a scarf on, but she looks like she's wearing quite a short top short on the arms, and it doesn't look like it's covering up much of her tummy, so she's not really dressed appropriately for such cold weather.

It's so cold that she's got icicles hanging off her ears and off her chin, and she doesn't look very happy about it, does she? She looks quite cross.

Let's find out what this word means or what this word is.

Frosty.

My turn, your turn.

Frosty.

Lovely.

Frosty is an adjective, so it's one of those describing words, and it means freezing or icy.

The kind of cold that feels like you have a layer of ice over your skin.

Let's just imagine that for a second.

Imagine you've got a layer of ice over your skin, how cold that would feel.

These words are synonyms of frosty they have a similar meaning.

Icy, wintry, which just means something related to or having characteristics of winter and cold.

Here's the word in a sentence.

It was a frosty morning and Bearnice had icicles hanging from her ears.

These words are word pairs of frosty.

Frosty weather.

Frosty morning.

I actually really love frosty mornings when you step outside and there's frost all on the grass and everything looks icy and almost like it's kind of slightly sparkly in the morning sun.

Frosty air.

Frosty winter.

Frosty breath.

Have you ever noticed when you go outside on a really cold day, that when you breathe you can see your breath, that you can see that steam coming out your mouth, where the warm air from inside you is hitting that cold frosty air? So could you now pause the video and read these word pairs out loud? Off you go.

Well done.

Let's have a look at some more word pairs of frosty.

Frosty silence.

Frosty look.

Frosty glare.

Frosty atmosphere.

Now, you might be thinking, hmm, how could a silence or a look or an atmosphere be freezing or icy? But actually there's another synonym for frosty, which means unwelcoming.

Sometimes we can describe people as being a bit cold or really warm.

If you're described as a warm person, you would be very welcoming and cosy.

Whereas if you were described as a cold person, it would be as if you were quite a frosty or unwelcoming person.

So if you imagine that it was your first day in a new school and you walked into your classroom, and if you felt that there was a frosty silence or a frosty atmosphere, that would mean an unwelcoming silence or an unwelcoming atmosphere because you would hope when you walked into a new class that everyone would welcome you and smile and say, hi, nice to meet you, What's your name? Come and sit next to me.

Equally, a frosty look or a frosty glare would be a cold or unwelcoming look.

Imagine if you walked into a room and everyone gave you a frosty look.

You would probably want to just retract and leave the room straight away.

So we can already see here that whilst these words have been grouped together, because they can describe cold things like a frosty morning, they also, this word, can be used in other contexts as well.

So it's very useful.

Let's check what we've just learned.

Which of these words is a synonym for frosty? Remember, synonyms, words that have a similar or the same meaning.

A, unwelcoming? B, blustery? Or C, harsh? Pause the video while you think about your answer.

Well done.

The correct answer is A, unwelcoming is a synonym for frosty.

It's time for your first task.

And in today's task, you've got a word map with the word frosty in the middle.

Written around the word frosty, those words are either synonyms or word pairs.

I would first like you to look for the synonyms, the words that have a similar meaning to frosty, and when you find them, I'd like you to circle them.

And then I'd like you to draw lines from the word, frosty, to all of the word pairs.

And as you do that, perhaps you could say them out loud because it really helps to practise saying a word with its word pair to help us remember this word and how to use it appropriately.

Here's a sentence to help you.

It was a frosty morning and Bearnice had icicles hanging from her ears.

Now, if the word is a synonym, you might be able to take out the word, frosty, and replace it with a sim synonym because we know they have a similar meaning.

So that's a little trick that could help you if you're unsure.

So pause the video now while you complete this first task.

Okay, well done.

Let's go through the answers together.

The synonyms first, are wintry, cold and icy.

The rest of the words are word pairs.

Frosty weather, frosty morning, a frosty look, frosty atmosphere, frosty air, frosty glare, frosty breath, frosty winter, and frosty silence.

For the next part of your task, you're going to write your own sentence using the word frosty.

And I'd like you to use the word pairs to help you.

Here they are.

If we use a word pair, it helps to make sure we're using this word, frosty, really effectively.

So for example, you could pick the word pair, a frosty silence, and then you can think about the scenario.

Where would there be a frosty silence? How would that make a person feel? You might want to choose to write a sentence about a character from a story that you are reading at the moment, or maybe a character of someone that you're learning about in one of your subjects at school.

Or you could use one of the Mrs. Wordsmith characters like Bearnice to write a sentence about.

Make sure you practise saying your sentence out loud, writing it and then reading it back to check.

Make sure the most important thing, you use that word, frosty, with one of those word pairs.

So pause the video now while you write your sentence.

Well done.

Let's look at an example.

As Bearnice exhaled into the frosty air, a puff of steam appeared.

Now we can inhale, which is breathing in.

Exhale is breathing out.

So as Bernice exhaled into the frosty air, a puff of steam appeared.

Now let's just check, does this sentence use the word, frosty, correctly? And is it an effective sentence? Well, I can see here that I have used a word pair because air is a word pair of frosty, so I know that I've used the word correctly.

And I can see in this sentence, I've also got, "a puff of steam appeared," and that shows how cold it is, so I can see that that part of the sentence just adds on to this, create this image of this very frosty, frosty day, breathing in this frosty air and describing what happened when she breathed in, "a puff of steam appeared." So I think that here the word, frosty, has been used really effectively.

How effective is your sentence? Perhaps you might wanna just pause the video and check, did you use one of the word pairs? Is there anything you could add to your sentence to really help to build this image in the reader's mind of how frosty it is? Whatever you're describing, the look or the stare, or the morning.

Pause the video and just go back and have one little look at your sentence.

Well done.

Let's take a look at another sentence.

The teacher's frosty glare made it clear that she was angry at the class.

So again, does this word, does this sentence use the word frosty correctly? Is it an effective sentence? Well, I can see again that I've got, "frosty glare." Glare is a word pair of frosty, so straight away I know that I've got a word pair, so I'm using this word appropriately.

And then I add a bit of information, the teacher's frosty glare made it clear that she was angry at the class.

So I know that that now explains why she was giving that frosty glare.

You may notice in this sentence, I've got an apostrophe, but after the word teacher, and that's because the frosty glare belongs to the teacher, so we're using an apostrophe there to show possession.

Okay, the first word we've learned was frosty, let's take a look at what our second new cold word is.

What's happening in this picture? Just as before, I want you to be a detective and look at this illustration, this is Grit, the dog, and describe what you think is happening here.

Off you go.

Well done.

In this picture, Grit is eating an ice lolly, or sometimes they're called popsicles, especially in America, they're quite often called popsicles.

This ice lolly grit is licking is so cold that it has given him brain freeze.

Can you see around his brain there's icicles hanging off and the brain looks like it's shuttering 'cause it feels so cold.

Have you ever had that before? I've had it before where I've eaten a big mouthful of ice cream and if my mouthful was a bit too big, I was being too greedy, and it almost is like your brain is frozen and it kind of is a bit painful.

So I think that's maybe what's happening here.

Let's find out what this word is.

Numbing.

My turn, your turn.

Numbing.

Numbing is an adjective.

It means ice-cold or freezing like an ice lolly that makes your tongue so cold you can't feel it.

These words are synonyms of numbing, ice-cold, freezing, deadening.

So deadening is, because numbing can also mean that it sort of almost deadens the sensation.

You could have some numbing cream and if you had numbing cream, for example, if I put some numbing cream on my hand, it would mean that even if you got a little needle and pricked my hand, I wouldn't be able to feel it.

And that's where that synonym dead deadening comes from, it's like as if it's deadened the sensation.

The ice lolly gave a numbing sensation to Grit's brain! These are word pairs of numbing.

Numbing cold.

Numbing pain.

Numbing medication.

Numbing sensation.

Numbing cream.

Numbing boredom.

So it's interesting because numbing could be positive or negative.

For example, if you got stung by a bee and you put some numbing cream or had some numbing medication, that would be a good thing because it would be deadening the pain away so you couldn't feel it.

And yet numbing can also be just.

A word pair is also, numbing pain, a bit like that brain freeze, that numbing feeling, that's actually quite painful.

So it's interesting when we think about if this is a positive or a negative word, because it kind of could be both.

Now, just like before, I'd like you to pause the video and read these word pairs out loud.

Off you go.

Well done.

Now the one that we didn't discuss was, numbing boredom, which might need a little bit more description.

Now imagine you were in a situation that was so bored.

Perhaps you were sitting and somebody was telling you a story, and they told you every minute detail of the story, and the story went on, and on, and on, and they were saying it with no expression.

They were saying it in a really boring way.

You might almost feel numb, almost like that deadening feeling because you're so bored.

So that's why boredom can be described as numbing.

Boredom that's so boring, it's making you almost feel numb.

Okay, let's check what we've just learned.

Which of these words is a synonym for numbing? A, cream? B, boredom? C, ice cold? Pause the video now.

Well done.

The correct answer is C, ice-cold is a synonym for numbing.

Cream and boredom are both word pairs.

For this task, just like as you did earlier in the lesson, you have a word map, this time with numbing in the middle.

First, could you circle the synonyms and then draw lines to the word pairs? Here's the sentence to help you.

The ice lolly gave a numbing sensation to Grit's brain.

And remember, there's that trick to help you find the synonyms. Pause the video now.

Well done.

Let's go through the answers together.

The synonyms are freezing, deadening, and ice-cold.

The word pairs are numbing cold, numbing pain, numbing medication, numbing sensation, numbing cream, numbing boredom.

I would now like you to write your own sentence using the word, numbing.

And remember, you can use the word pairs to help you, and there they are.

So start off by picking a word pair.

For example, you might pick, numbing boredom, and then you can build your idea around that.

Who are you writing about? Which character? Is it a Mrs. Wordsmith character? Is it a character from a story? Is it someone that you know in real life? And there's a challenge as well with this task to try and write a sentence using one of these subordinating conjunctions, so, or because.

So there's a challenge for you.

So, as well as trying to write a sentence, including the word numbing, with one of those word pairs, you might want to also try and challenge yourself by using a sentence with one of those conjunctions, so, or because.

Pause the video now while you write your sentence.

Well done.

Let's look at an example sentence together.

Plato sat in numbing boredom for such a long time that he almost felt like a zombie.

Does this sentence use numbing correctly? Let's check.

Have I used a word pair? Yes, I've used numbing boredom, so I know I've used numbing correctly.

And is it an effective sentence? Let's have a think about that.

Well, I've not only said that Plato sat in numbing boredom, I've added that detail, "for such a long time." So that explains a little bit more about why he's so bored, because he's been sitting there for such a long time.

And then I've added a simile.

He almost felt like a zombie.

So if imagine that, imagine that you're so bored, you're almost behaving like a zombie, like someone who's who's died, maybe stumbling around.

So that is.

So I think, yes, I have used numbing correctly, and it's an effective sentence.

Again, perhaps you want to just check, is your sentence effective? Have you used a word pair? Is there anything that you could add to your sentence to make it even more effective? Pause the video now.

Well done.

Let's look at another example.

Because the dentist used her special numbing cream, Oz didn't feel a thing when her tooth was pulled out! Again, does this sentence use numbing correctly? Well, I've used a word pair, numbing cream, and in this sentence, again, I've added some extra information.

Because of the numbing cream, Oz didn't feel a thing when her tooth was pulled out.

So that again, is just showing what that word, numbing, means.

It has deadened the sensation, it made her gums feel numb.

Did you manage to use a subordinating conjunction? Can you remember the challenge to use so or because? In my sentence here, I have used the subordinating conjunction because.

In this sentence I've used it to start my sentence, so the subordinating clause, which starts with the conjunction because comes first.

And because of that I have to have a comma after it to separate it from the main clause.

Because the dentist used her special numbing cream, comma, there's my subordinate clause.

Oz didn't feel a thing when her tooth was pulled out.

There's my main clause.

It's a main clause because it could make sense by itself.

So well done if you managed to include a subordinating conjunction.

Okay, it's time to take a look at our third new cold word.

Can you remember what the first one was? Can you shout it out to me? That's right, it was frosty.

And can you remember the second word we just learned? That's right, it was numbing.

So let's find out what our third word is, but perhaps first, because we're now coming towards the end of the lesson and we might be getting a bit sleepy, you might wanna have a little fidget, maybe a big breath in and a big breath out.

And inhale and exhale, maybe a little stretch just so that we know we're ready for this final part of our lesson.

Okay, this is Oz, the ostrich.

What's happening here? Could you pause the video and describe what you see in this picture? Well done.

Well, I think we can all agree again that Oz looks freezing in this picture.

She's kind of hugging her arms and it looks like her knees might be shaking and her teeth look like they're chattering in this illustration.

I can see that by, almost looks like she's shivering, and in this picture there is almost, looks like a sort of gust of wind or something that is going right through the middle of her, like it's piercing into her.

So let's find out what this word is.

Penetrating.

My turn, your turn.

Penetrating.

Penetrating is another adjective.

So all three words have been adjectives today.

It means piercing, like when you get your ears pierced, they make a hole in your ear or sharp, like freezing air that goes straight to your bones.

So let's just imagine that a second.

Imagine air so freezing, it almost is like it goes straight to your bones.

Now the etymology, which, can you remember? Is the origin where words have come from, what their history is.

The etymology of this word is from the Latin word, the Latin root, penetrare, which means get into.

So we can see how this very old Latin word, penetrare, which means get into, has kind of affected our version of this word, which is penetrating, which means piercing or sharp.

Because if you pierce something or if something is sharp, it can get into something.

These words are synonyms of penetrating.

Sharp.

Piercing.

Biting.

Here's the word in a sentence.

The penetrating cold cut through Oz's dress and made her shiver.

These are word pairs of penetrating.

Penetrating wind.

Penetrating cold.

A penetrating look.

So imagine that somebody gave you a look and it was such a sort of intense look that it was almost as if it was going into you, almost like it was piercing you.

A penetrating mind.

Now a penetrating mind would be very insightful.

It's almost like it's a mind that could reach into something and understand it very clearly.

So if everyone was trying to solve a problem and no one could get to the bottom of it, somebody with a penetrating mind would probably be able to cut through the problem and get to the bottom of it straight away.

Okay, so could you now pause the video and read these word pairs out loud? Well done.

Here are some more word pairs of penetrating.

A penetrating insight.

So again, an insight is something that could cut through something to unveil the truth.

A penetrating gaze.

A penetrating voice.

Imagine like a sharp piercing voice.

And a penetrating odour.

An odour is a smell.

So imagine an odour, a smell, so strong that it was almost like it was going inside you, going into you.

So again, can you pause the video and read these word pairs aloud? Well done.

So now let's check what we've just learned.

This time, which of these words is a word pair of penetrating? A, weight? B, tree? Or C, odour? Pause the video now.

Well done.

The correct answer is C, a penetrating odour.

So again, we've got a word map with penetrating in the middle.

Could you circle the synonyms and draw lines to the word pairs? And there's that sentence there to help you if you are unsure if a word is a synonym.

Pause the video now.

Excellent.

Let's go through the answers together.

The synonyms are biting, sharp, piercing.

The word pairs are penetrating look, penetrating wind, penetrating odour, penetrating mind, penetrating insight, penetrating cold, penetrating gaze, and penetrating voice.

It's now time for you to write a sentence using the word penetrating.

Again, could you use the word pairs to help you? And there's a challenge this time to use one of these subordinating conjunctions.

They're different, before we had so and because, and now the challenge is, could you include when or as in your sentence? Good luck.

Pause the video now.

Amazing, well done.

Let's look at an example sentence.

When Mrs. Wordsmith looked at Brick with a penetrating gaze, he knew he was in trouble.

Does this sentence use penetrating correctly? Well, again, I can see that I've got the word pair, penetrating gaze, so I know I've used this word correctly.

And also I can see that I used a subordinating conjunction in this sentence.

Did you manage to use one? Here, I've got the subordinating conjunction, when.

My subordinating conjunction comes at the beginning.

So my subordinating clause comes first.

When Mrs. Wordsmith looked at Brick with a penetrating gaze, comma, I have the comma, to separate it from the main clause, he knew he was in trouble.

He knew he was in trouble because that look was so sharp or piercing.

Let's look at another example.

A penetrating wind rushed through Armie's window when she opened it in the dead of night.

Does this sentence use penetrating correctly? Well, again, I can see that I've used a word pair, penetrating wind, and it rushed through the window.

And I know it was the dead of night and it's quite cold often at nighttime, so that all backs up this idea that this wind felt quite penetrating.

Again, a subordinating conjunction I've used in this sentence, when.

But this time, my subordinating conjunction comes after the main clause to start my subordinating clause, after, and because it comes after, I don't need a comma.

A penetrating wind rushed through Armie's window.

There's my main clause that could make sense by itself.

And then I start my subordinating clause with "when she opened it in the dead of night." So well done if you managed to use a subordinating conjunction in your sentence.

It's time for our final task of today.

You need to fill the gaps with either the word frosty, numbing, or penetrating.

Here are the sentences.

Brick could smell the, hmm, odour of his smelly socks through the locker door.

The, hmm, effect of the cold weather meant that Oz couldn't feel her toes.

A, hmm, silence followed when Bogart asked the girl on a date and she didn't answer.

Pause the video now and decide which word fits best in which sentence.

Well done.

Let's go through the answers together.

So in the first sentence I can remember that penetrating was a word pair for odour, a smell so bad, it's like it's going into you.

So penetrating fits there.

Brick could smell the penetrating odour.

The, hmm, effect of the cold weather meant that Oz couldn't feel her toes.

Now I can remember that deadening was a synonym for the word numbing, like it's deadening the sensation.

So I think numbing effect is going to go there.

And finally, a frosty silence followed when Bogart asked the girl on a date and she didn't answer.

He asked her on a date, will you go out with me? And she gave him.

There was a frosty silence.

Remember that kind of cold or unwelcoming silence.

Well done if you managed to find then fit the correct answers in each sentence.

So let's summarise what we've learned today.

We've learnt three new adjectives.

Frosty means freezing or icy, and it can also mean unwelcoming.

Numbing means ice cold or freezing like an ice lolly that makes your tongue so cold you can't feel it.

And penetrating means piercing or sharp, like freezing air that goes straight to your bones.

So I hope that you feel really proud of yourselves, that you've now got three very impressive new words to use in your speaking on all your writing.

Perhaps you might be able to come across these words in a book that you read in the future.

Well done for all your hard work today, and hopefully I'll see you for some more learning another time.

Bye.