Lesson video

Hello, everyone.

My name is Mrs. Riley and I'm here today to teach you some new vocabulary.

In today's lesson, we are going to be learning three new words associated with cold weather.

So, imagine even if it's very warm, where you are today.

I want us all to imagine that we we're being plunged into a freezing cold climate for our lesson today.

Let's get started, shall we? The outcome of today's lesson is to use the words biting, brisk, and excruciating effectively in multiple contexts.

These are our key words in our lesson today.

That means these are the words that we're going to be using again and again.

So, first of all, let's just practise saying these words before we think about what they mean.

I'd like you to repeat each word after me.

My turn, your turn.

Are you ready? Noun.

Adjective.

Etymology.

That's a tricky one.

Let's say it again.

Etymology.

Well done.

Synonym.

Word pair.

Fantastic.

Let's go through what these words mean.

A noun is a naming word for people, places, or things.

An adjective is a word that describes a noun.

So, perhaps quickly, you could look around the room and you could find a noun, could be a person, could be a thing.

And then, you could describe it.

So, for example, I'm looking around and I can see here I have got my phone.

So, I might say, my white phone.

There's an adjective and a noun.

That's a bit of a boring one.

Maybe you could find something a bit more interesting.

Off you go.

You've got five seconds to do this.

Well done.

Now, etymology is a bit more tricky.

It's the study of the origin of words and the ways their meaning have changed over time.

Now, an origin is where something started, where it came from.

So, every word in our language has got a bit of a history to it.

So, when we're looking at the etymology of a word, we're looking at the history of the word.

Where has this word come from? Has it come from a French word or a Latin word? And how has the meaning changed over time? And in learning about the history of a word, it helps us to just really deepen our understanding of it.

A synonym is a word that has the same or similar meaning to another word.

For example, today, we're looking at cold words.

So, cold or freezing are synonyms, because they have a similar meaning.

And word pairs are often are words that often appear together.

So, for example, if we took the word freezing, it might be ice might be a word pair, the freezing ice, 'cause those two words often appear together.

So, these are the words that are going to be really important in our learning today.

In our lesson today, we have three learning cycles.

And in each learning cycle, we're going to be learning a new cold word.

So, let's get started with our first word.

Now, before, I tell you what this word is, I would like you to have a look closely at this picture and describe what you see.

This is Grit, the dog.

But what's happening in this picture? You could either just have some thinking time or you could describe out loud.

Or maybe if there's someone next to you, you could have a little discussion about this picture.

Pause the video while you do that now.

Well done.

In this picture, Grit looks like he is somewhere outside and it looks like he's dressed for cold weather, 'cause I can see he's got a scarf on and some boots, which almost look like they've got little things to help him not fall over on the ice or the snow.

But it's so cold and there's almost looks like there's a kind of ice monster that's biting him on his tail.

So, let's find out what this word is.

Ah, this word is biting.

My turn, your turn.

Biting.

Well done.

Biting is an adjective.

It means bitter cold or harsh.

So cold it feels like a monster is nipping your frozen bottom.

Now, you might know the word biting as a verb, as something that you do with your teeth.

For example, I was biting my apple, something that I do a verb.

But we now know that biting can also be an adjective, a describing word to describe something bitter cold or harsh.

Now, biting is an example of personification.

That's a tricky word, let's say it together.

Personification.

Your turn.

Personification.

Well done.

And personification is when we give weather human characteristics.

So, for example, we could say the wind was roaring.

Now, the wind can't actually roar.

So, that's an example of personification.

Or we could say the howling wind.

Again, we're giving it human characteristics.

Whistling is something that a human might do, but we're saying the wind is doing it.

Or glaring.

Glaring is something that a human could do, but you could also say the sun was glaring.

So, they're all examples of personification.

And biting is another example, because if we described the biting wind, it's as if the wind is biting us.

But actually, we know that wind can't actually bite us, just as the sun can't actually glare.

So, these words are synonyms of biting.

Freezing, harsh, bitter cold.

Here's the word in a sentence.

The biting cold surrounded Grit.

These words are word pairs of biting.

Biting cold, biting weather, biting wind.

So, imagine the wind around you, but it's so freezing and harsh, it almost feels as if it's biting you.

Biting frost.

So, imagine the morning, you go out and there's a frost and it's biting frost.

And a biting breeze.

So, a breeze is a gentle gust of wind.

But if it was freezing cold, even a breeze could feel biting.

Could you now pause the video and read those word pairs out loud? Biting cold, biting weather, just like that.

Because if we read these word pairs and say them out loud, that's going to help us to remember the word and remember how to use it appropriately.

Pause the video while you do that now.

Well done.

Here are some more word pairs of biting.

Biting sarcasm.

Now, this one's a little bit trickier.

Sarcasm is when you say something, but you mean the opposite.

It's often you say it if you're being a bit mean or a bit mocking someone.

For example, if someone, you could say to someone, nice job.

And you could say that sincerely or like honestly if you really thought they'd done a nice job.

But if you were going to say it in a sarcastic way or using sarcasm, it'd be like if someone had done a really bad job and then you were like, oh, nice job.

You are saying nice job, but you are kind of meaning the opposite.

You are actually meaning you did a really rubbish job there.

So, if you had biting sarcasm, harsh sarcasm, it would be quite unkind.

Biting criticism.

Now, again, a criticism, criticising something is when you are finding faults in something.

So, a biting criticism would be quite a harsh criticism.

A biting comment.

Again, a harsh comment that wouldn't perhaps be very kind to hear, a biting comment.

So, there three more, a bit more abstract uses of the word biting.

But we can see how this word biting can be used in lots of different ways.

Can you pause the video and read those word pairs out loud? Excellent, well done.

Now, the other meaning as I mentioned earlier of biting is tearing with the teeth.

So, we could use that as a verb like I am biting my apple, but also we could say the biting insect nipped me.

So, we could still use it as an adjective in that way as well.

Okay, which of these words is a synonym for biting? Let's check if you're listening.

Is, A, quick, a synonym? B, stuffy, a synonym? Or, C, harsh, a synonym? Pause the video while you think about your answer now.

Well done.

The correct answer is, C, harsh is a synonym for biting.

It's now time for your first task of today's lesson.

You have got a word map with the word biting in the middle.

Around the word biting, you have got either synonyms, which words that have a similar meaning or word pairs, those words that often appear together.

If you think the word is a synonym, I'd like you to circle it and I'd like you to first look for all the synonyms. Once you've done that, then I'd like you to draw lines from the word biting to the word pairs.

And as you do that, I'd like you to say each one out loud, 'cause that will help us to learn this word.

Here's the word in a sentence to help you.

The biting cold stung her cheeks.

Now, if the word is a synonym, you might be able to take out the word biting and replace it with the synonym.

It doesn't always work, but it often does.

So, that's a little trick if you're a bit unsure if a word is a synonym or if it is a word pair.

Can you pause the video now while you complete this task? Well done.

Let's go through the answers together.

So, first of all, the synonyms are freezing, bitter cold, and harsh.

So, hopefully those were all circled.

The word pairs are biting cold, biting weather, biting wind, biting frost, biting comment, biting sarcasm.

Remember, if you said, oh, nice job.

Biting criticism and a biting breeze.

The next part of your task is to write a sentence using the word biting.

Here are the words pairs to help you.

The word pairs will help you to use the word appropriately, but also it'll help you to come up with an idea, because it's quite hard just thinking of a random sentence.

For example, you might say biting criticism.

You might pick the word pair criticism, and then you can think about your idea around that.

You might want to use one of the Mrs Wordsmith characters.

For example, you could say Oz felt upset after Grit's biting criticism about her, and then think about something that she might have done.

So, remember, when you are writing your sentence, it's really helpful to practise just like I did, saying it a few times first.

And then, once you've written it, always go back and check and read it really carefully, because you might find a mistake to correct, or you might just be able to improve your work a little bit.

You might be able to add in an extra adjective or take away your full stop and instead extend your sentence a little bit with more detail.

So, pause the video now while you have a go at writing your sentence.

Okay, well done.

Let's take a look at some examples of sentences you might have written.

The biting weather sent a shiver down Plato's spine.

Mrs Wordsmith pulled her coat shut to keep out the biting wind.

Oz's biting sarcasm was clear when she told Grit what she thought about his new car.

So, obviously, maybe Grit thinks he's got a really cool car.

And she said something like, oh, cool car, but she said it in a sarcastic way.

So, actually, she doesn't think it's cool at all.

Okay, so biting was our first new cold word.

And now, we're going to move on to our second new cold word.

Let's see what it is.

What's happening in this picture? This is Mrs Wordsmith.

How would you describe her? How would you describe the weather? Pause the video now.

Well done.

Well, Mrs Wordsmith is wrapped up warm here, isn't she? She's got a scarf on.

She's got some sort of headband.

Maybe she's going for a power walk and she's got her coat on and she's got her hands in, actually, it's called a muff.

And they used to wear those in the olden days, a bit like a, we would wear gloves and you put both your hands in there to keep them nice and cosy and warm.

So, she looks like she's wrapped up warm and I can see out her mouth, there's some steam coming out her mouth.

And has that ever happened to you? Yeah, it's happened to me too.

And it happens when, because when it's really cold outside, because it's like our warm air coming from our bodies meets the cold air and it causes this steam.

So, I can tell that it's very cold.

That only happens on a very, very cold or frosty day.

And it looks to me like Mrs Wordsmith is maybe going for a walk.

So, let's find out what this word is.

Ah, brisk.

My turn, your turn.

Brisk.

Well done.

Brisk is an adjective.

It means sharp or crisp, like the cold air on your face when you go for a walk in the winter.

Synonyms of brisk are sharp, crisp, and quick.

So, that's another meaning brisk can have.

It can mean sharp and crisp and cold, but it also can mean quick and lively.

So, if you went for a brisk walk, it might be brisk, because it's sharp and crisp and cold outside.

But it might also be a brisk walk, because it's going to be a quick walk, a lively, quick active walk.

Here's the word in a sentence.

Mrs Wordsmith loved her brisk morning walks in the winter.

These words are word pairs of brisk, a brisk morning, brisk wind, a crisp wind, brisk air, brisk trade.

Now, this one is a bit more interesting.

Now, trade is when you is buying or selling or exchanging.

And if you had a brisk trade, that's going to be our, and not so much our crisp or a fresh use of the word brisk, but it's more going to be the use of the word in a quick way.

So, if you had quick trade in a, if you were selling something and you had a quick, a brisk trade, it would mean you would be selling things very quickly.

So, that would be a good thing.

Now, could you pause the video and read these word pairs out loud? Off you go.

Okay, well done.

We've got some more word pairs now.

We've got a brisk jog, which is another word for going out for a run.

Brisk pace, brisk walk, a brisk hike, which is when you go out a hike, is when you go out for a long walk.

And a brisk voice.

So, a brisk voice, again, might be quite a sharp, crisp, quick voice.

So, if someone spoke to you in a brisk voice, it wouldn't be like lovely and calm and gentle and soft.

It might be a bit more harsh or crisp.

Could you pause the video now and read these word pairs out loud? Well done.

Okay, let's check what we've just learned.

Which of these words is a synonym for brisk? Is it, A, clear? B, warm? Or, C, sharp? Pause the video while you think about your answer.

Well done.

The correct answer is, C, sharp, is a synonym for brisk.

Okay, another mind word map here now.

Brisk is in the middle.

Could you circle the synonyms and draw lines to the word pairs? Remember to say them out loud as you draw the lines.

Here's the word in a sentence.

Remember that trick that you can always replace the word, or not always, but often, you could replace that with a synonym.

So, pause the video now while you have a go at this task.

Well done.

Let's go through the answers together.

The synonyms are sharp, quick, and crisp.

The word pairs are brisk morning, brisk hike, brisk pace, brisk wind, brisk air, brisk voice, brisk trade, brisk jog, and brisk walk.

Well done if you spotted those.

Okay.

Time for another sentence.

Could you write a sentence using our new word brisk? Here are the word pairs to help you.

So, start off by picking a word pair.

You might pick, hmm, brisk jog.

And then, you might pick a Mrs Wordsmith character.

Maybe it might be Plato's going out for a brisk jog, but maybe something happens.

Or maybe you might describe what the weather's something about, more about the weather outside.

You might also want to use a fronted adverbial of manner.

Now, this is just a really nice way to start your sentences.

We can also have fronted adverbials of time.

For example, one day, comma, or early in the morning, comma, or last summer, comma.

That would be a fronted adverbial of time.

But a frontal adverbial of manner shows us how something happened.

And it starts a sentence and it also has a comma at the end of it, after it like a adverbial of time, for example, adverbial of time.

So, here are some examples.

Full of sadness, comma.

So, showing us how something happened, it happened full of sadness.

Happily, comma.

So, you could just start with an adverb, happily, sadly, comma, nervously, comma, devastated, comma.

So, you could start with an adjective to describe how someone's feeling.

With a frown, comma.

Describing some of their body language.

And this is a really nice way to start a sentence.

So, for example, happily, comma, Mrs Wordsmith wrapped up and set off for her brisk morning walk.

Or with a frown, comma, Grit set off for his brisk hike.

And maybe that was because he was feeling a bit ill.

So, something.

So, we could add that detail somehow into our sentence.

But this is just a nice way to start a sentence.

You don't have to use any of these or you might use a different one, but it's just an idea of how to make your sentence really impressive.

So, pause the video now and good luck writing your sentence.

Well done.

Let's look at some examples.

So, first of all, we have sleepily, Grit stuck his head out of the window into the brisk air to wake himself up.

Maybe he's in the car and he's falling asleep and he's about to go somewhere really important.

So, he's quickly stuck his hair out into that brisk air to wake himself up.

With a smile on her face, Bearnice marched to the shop at a brisk pace, so she could buy the dress she had wanted for months.

Remember, brisk can mean quick.

So, she's wanted that dress for months.

She is going to walk in a brisk manner with a brisk pace.

Full of pride, Yin and Yang counted the money they had made after the brisk trade they had all week selling ice creams. So, you might spot here, there's three fronted adverbials of manner.

Can you spot them? Maybe you could point at them for me where are they? Here's the first one.

Sleepily, comma, Grit stuck his head out the window.

With a smile, Bearnice marched the shop.

And full of pride, Yin and Yang count the money.

So, they're all fronted adverbials of manner.

They all have a comma at the end of them.

And they all tell us how something happened or how someone did something.

Okay, who can remember the first word we learned today? What was the first word we learned today? Can you remember? Both of them started with a B.

I'll give you a clue.

Yeah, it's biting.

And the second word that we learned is, that's right, brisk, biting, brisk.

Oh, I wonder if our third word is gonna start with a B as well.

What's happening in this picture? This is Armie the armadillo.

What's happening to him here? How would you describe him? And pause the video now.

Okay, well, Armie the armadillo here looks to me like he is in a lot of pain.

He's got clenched teeth, he's scrunching his eyes closed.

And that is because all over him, he has got icicles, which are actually piercing into his skin.

It looks extremely painful.

Let's find out what this word is.

Ah, excruciating.

My turn, your turn.

Excruciating.

Well done.

Excruciating is an adjective, meaning extremely painful.

How it would feel to be pricked all over your body by sharp icicles.

Now, the etymology, can you remember that's the origin of words and how they've changed over time of this word is this.

So, the root, which is excruciare or excruciare, I'm probably saying that wrong.

My dad would be able to tell me, 'cause he's a Latin teacher.

Means to torment in Latin.

If you torment someone, you are causing suffering.

So, you could either, it could be a verb like they tormented him for hours or it could be a noun like after days of torment.

So, torment means suffering.

So, to torment is where this word, the history of this word, that's what it originally meant, to torment.

And we can see now how that links what it means now to us, which is extremely painful, almost as if someone was tormenting you.

Okay.

So, these words are synonyms of excruciating.

Unbearable.

So, if something is bearable, it means you can cope with it.

So, if it's unbearable, it's almost as if you cannot cope with it.

Painful, full of pain.

And agonising, which is another word for painful.

But you wouldn't say, oh, I've got a bit of a headache and it's agonising.

If something is agonising, it's extremely painful.

Here's the word in a sentence.

Armie hid in the freezer and shivered in the excruciating cold.

So, again, this is quite an extreme word.

We're not going to say, oh, you know, if it was not that cold outside or if the pool was a little bit cold, but not that cold, you wouldn't say, oh, it was excruciating.

If it's excruciating cold, it's gonna be really freezing.

Okay, so here are our word pairs of excruciating.

Excruciating pain, excruciating agony, and excruciating ordeal.

An ordeal is a trying or difficult experience.

So, if you've had an experience that's a bit difficult, you might say, oh, it was such an ordeal.

But if it was a really painful one, you'd say it was an excruciating ordeal.

And excruciating detail.

Now, excruciating detail, if someone went through something in excruciating detail, it's almost like it's painful detail.

Like detail that we don't need to know.

Detail that's boring us, because there's so much detail.

Excruciating detail.

And excruciating slowness.

So, imagine that you were in a rush and you were waiting for something and someone was doing something with excruciating slowness, almost like it's painful for you to watch them how excruciatingly slow they are.

So, could you pause the video now and read these word pairs out loud? Off you go.

Well done.

We've got four more word pairs.

Here they are.

An excruciating experience, an excruciating headache, excruciating torture, and an excruciating wait.

Imagine you were so excited for something, and then you had to wait and wait and wait.

It's almost like it's painful for you to have to wait that long, because you're so excited.

Again, can you pause the video and read these word pairs out loud? Okay, well done.

So, you might have noticed I've done this already, but we can turn this adjective into an adverb by adding ly or ly on the end.

Excruciatingly.

So, for example, you might say, he wrapped up the present excruciatingly slowly.

It's describing how he did it.

He was excruciatingly slow.

Sorry, it's describing the adjective.

It wasn't just slow, it was excruciatingly slow.

So, we can use this word excruciating, but we can also turn it into an adverb.

Excruciatingly.

So, that's another way we can use this word.

Right.

Let's check what we've just learned.

Which of these words this time is a word pair of excruciating? A, wait.

B, painful.

C, agonising.

Pause the video while you think of your answer.

Well done.

The correct answer is an excruciating wait.

Painful and agonising are both synonyms. Well done if you spotted that.

Okay, it's our last word map of the day.

You know the drill.

This time, we've got excruciating in the middle.

Circle the synonyms please, and then draw lines to the word pairs.

Here's that sentence to help you if you need it.

Pause the video and complete this task now.

Well done.

Let's go through those together.

So, the synonyms are unbearable, painful, and agonising.

The word pairs are excruciating pain, excruciating agony, an excruciating ordeal, an excruciating detail, excruciating experience, excruciating headache, excruciating slowness, excruciating torture, and excruciating wait.

Well done if you manage to get those correct.

Okay, our last sentence of the day.

This time using the word excruciating.

Here are the word pairs to help you.

Remember, start with picking a word pair.

Then, maybe start with picking a character.

As we did earlier, I'm going to pop these fronted adverbials of manner there to help you.

They're really nice ways to start a sentence.

They all have a comma after them and they describe how someone did something.

So, here's how you might build your sentence.

First, I'm gonna pick a word pair.

I'm gonna pick wait, an excruciating wait.

Now, I'm gonna pick my character.

I'm gonna say Brick.

Brick has got an excruciating wait.

Now, I'm gonna think, what would make it an excruciating wait? What's my scenario? I might say, oh, Brick is waiting for a.

He's in a queue to get an ice cream and it's such a hot day.

So, he's desperate for his ice cream, because he's so hot and just needs to cool down.

Or maybe he wants an ice cream or maybe a refreshing drink.

So, I am going to start with my sentence.

So, maybe Brick patiently endured the excruciating wait for his ice cream.

But now, I'm gonna try and tie in a fronted adverbial of manner.

So, maybe how would he be? Feeling desperate, Brick patiently endured the excruciating wait for his ice cream.

And remember, feeling desperate as my fronted adverbial of manner, has got to have a comma after it.

Feeling desperate, comma, Brick patiently endured the excruciating wait for his ice cream.

So, there's just a model of how you might build your sentence.

So, good luck writing your sentence.

Pause the video while you do that now.

Well done.

Let's take a look at some examples.

Not realising how bored everyone was, Bearnice told her long story in excruciating detail.

That would be a very long story.

Groaning, comma, Stax woke up with an excruciating headache.

Again, so I've got my fronted adverbial of manner.

How he's doing it, he's groaning, comma, Stax woke up with an excruciating headache.

And finally, the ice bath was excruciatingly cold.

So, there is my adverb.

I've added ly onto the end of it.

Okay, the last task for today, you need to fill the gaps with either the word biting, brisk, or excruciating.

Here are the sentences.

The blisters on Oz's feet showed that climbing the mountain had been an, mm, ordeal.

Oz walked at such a, mm, pace that Bernice found it hard to keep up.

Mrs Wordsmith pulled her coat shut to keep out the, mm, wind.

Now, you might find that there's more than one option that works.

So, if you're not sure, go to the next one, and see if you can work that one out.

And then, you can always go back to the others.

So, pause the video now while you complete this final task.

Well done.

Let's go through the answers.

The blisters on Oz's feet showed that climbing the mountain had been an excruciating ordeal, an unbearable ordeal.

There was a bit of a hint there, because an, obviously we use that an instead of a or a, when the following word starts with a vowel.

So, A, E, I, O, U, they're all vowels.

E is a vowel, not a consonant.

And so, we have to say an excruciating.

Whereas if it was a biting or a brisk ordeal, it would just be a instead of an.

Oz walked at such a brisk pace, because we know brisk mean quick, that Bearnice found it hard to keep up.

And Mrs Wordsmith pulled her coat shut to keep out the biting wind, that personification as if the wind could bite you.

Here's what we've learnt today.

Biting is an adjective, meaning bitter cold or harsh.

So cold it feels like a monster is nipping your frozen bottom.

Brisk is an adjective, meaning sharp or crisp, like the cold air on your face when you go for a walk in the winter.

And we know it also can mean quick.

Excruciating means extremely painful.

How it would feel to be pricked all over your body by sharp icicles.

Well done for working so hard today.

Maybe you might find in your reading that you are going to do in the coming weeks, you might spot one of these words that we've learned or maybe you might include it when you are speaking or writing, or include one of these words when you're speaking or writing.

So, thank you for working so hard.

I hope you enjoyed today's lesson and maybe I'll see you for some more learning another time.

Bye.