Lesson video

Hello, everyone.

My name's Mrs. Riley, and I'm here today to teach you some new vocabulary.

The words we'll be learning today are associated with stormy weather.

So, if you picture a scene in a film you've seen, or maybe in a story you've been reading where there has been some kind of stormy weather, we're going to have some really useful words to help describe that kind of stormy weather by the end of today's lesson.

So I hope you're ready to learn.

Let's get started.

The outcome of today's lesson is to use the words deluge, electrifying, and incessant effectively in multiple contexts.

These are our key words in our lesson today.

These are really important words we're going to be using again and again.

Let's start off by saying each word, My turn, your turn.

Noun.

Adjective.

Prefix.

Synonym.

Word pair.

Excellent.

So a noun is a naming word for people, places, or things.

An adjective is a word that describes a noun.

So we could think of a person, place, or thing.

I'm gonna think of a thing.

I'm gonna think of a light.

A light is a thing, and then I'm going to think of a word to describe it.

The bright light.

So bright would be the adjective and light would be the noun.

A prefix is a letter or group of letters added to the start of a word to change its meaning.

Don't worry too much about that now.

We're going to think about that a bit later in today's lesson, but it's a group of letters or a letter at the start of a word.

A synonym is a word that has the same or similar meaning to another word.

So we said, "The bright light." We could also say, "The dazzling light." Bright and dazzling have a similar meaning.

They're synonyms. And word pairs are words that often appear together.

If we took that adjective "bright," it might often appear with bright light, bright sun, bright moon.

So light, moon, and sun would all be word pairs for the word, bright.

In today's lesson, we have three learning cycles, and in each learning cycle, we're going to be learning a new stormy word.

Let's get started with our first new stormy word.

Before I tell you what this word is, could you look at this very funny Mrs. Wordsmith picture and describe what is happening here? These characters are Yin and Yang, the tiger twins.

What's happening here? Can you pause the video now? Well, when we first looked at this picture, I thought that poor old Yin and Yang were having a terrible time because the loo, or the toilet, has overflowed with water and I can see one of them is desperately trying to look at some kind of manual of how to stop it.

But actually, when I looked a bit closer, and maybe you spotted this, one of the twins, I never know which one is Yin or Yang, is actually flushing the loo with a slightly cheeky expression on their face.

So I think that actually they're making this problem worse.

They're making this flood worse.

Okay, let's find out what this word is.

Deluge.

My turn, your turn.

Deluge.

Well done.

A deluge is a noun.

So it's not a describing word, it's actually a thing.

It's a flood or overflowing water, like gushing water from a blocked toilet.

These words are synonyms of deluge.

Overflowing water, downpour, flood.

So they all have a similar meaning.

A sudden deluge came rushing out of the toilet and flooded the bathroom.

These words are word pairs of deluge.

Now, because normally, or often, we learn adjectives, so our word pairs are nouns.

But because this word is already a noun, our word pairs are adjectives to describe them.

A heavy deluge.

So "heavy" is the adjective describing the deluge.

Overnight deluge.

A constant deluge.

A catastrophic deluge.

Catastrophic is something that causes great damage or suffering, like maybe it might be an earthquake you might describe as catastrophic because it causes so much suffering and damage.

So imagine a deluge, a heavy flood that is catastrophic.

A sudden deluge, sudden flood that comes from nowhere.

And finally, torrential deluge.

Torrential means very, very heavy.

Could you pause the video now and practise saying this word? 'Cause it's quite a funny word to say.

As I was making this lesson, I was practising saying it a few times out loud myself, because I find it quite a difficult word to actually say.

So, perhaps you can pause the video and practise saying this word out loud alongside its word pairs.

Off you go.

Well done.

I wonder if you found it a funny word to say like me.

Okay, which of these words is a synonym for deluge? So, which has a similar meaning? A, rain, B, drizzle, or C, downpour? Pause the video now.

Well done if you've got the correct answer.

C, downpour, is a synonym.

Rain and drizzle aren't really strong enough to describe this noun, which is a very, a heavy flood or downpour.

So for your first task in today's lesson, you have a word map with the word deluge written in the middle.

Around the word, you have either synonyms or word pairs.

I would like you to first try to spot the synonyms and then circle them.

And then I would like you to draw a line from the word deluge to each word pair.

And perhaps as you do that, you could read it out loud to practise saying this word.

If you're unsure, here's a sentence to help you.

"A sudden deluge came rushing out of the toilet and flooded the bathroom." Now, if the word's a synonym, because they have a similar meaning, you might be able to replace it in this sentence.

That's a little trick to help you.

So could you pause the video now while you complete this task? Well done.

Let's go through the answers together.

The synonyms are flood, downpour, and overflowing water.

The word pairs are overnight, a constant deluge, a sudden deluge, a heavy deluge, a torrential deluge, or a catastrophic deluge.

I would now like you to write a sentence using the word deluge.

Use the word pairs to help you.

Here they are.

So that's your starting point.

Pick a word pair.

Perhaps it might be overnight deluge.

So then you can think, if there had been a heavy flood overnight, what would the consequences be? How could you build your idea around that? I would like you in this sentence to try to create a tense atmosphere for the reader.

So the kind of sentence that's gonna make your reader feel on edge, not calm and relaxed.

That's your, so two things to think about.

Using the word deluge in a sentence and trying to create a tense atmosphere.

Could you pause the video now while you have a go at writing your own sentence? Well done.

Let's look at an example sentence together.

"The catastrophic deluge battered the city, covering it with rainwater and destroying buildings." So does this sentence use deluge correctly? And is it an effective sentence? Let's look at it in a bit more detail.

Well, I can see straight away that I've got catastrophic, which is a word pair.

That's one of the adjectives which often is paired with this noun, deluge.

And I can also see that I've got, "It battered the city." That shows how overwhelming the flood was.

I can also see "covering it with rainwater," which shows me how much rain there was.

So all of those things, those extra details in my sentence, help to exaggerate how heavy a deluge is.

I could have just said, "There was a catastrophic deluge in the city." But instead I've said, "The catastrophic deluge "battered the city, covering it with rainwater, and destroying buildings." All of those extra details make this sentence really effective.

Perhaps you could check how effective your sentence is, and maybe if you feel that you could add a little bit more, you could pause the video and add some extra detail to your sentence now.

Okay, well done.

Let's have a look at another sentence.

"Poor Oz felt flustered as she saw the constant deluge of bills that were arriving through her letterbox." So again, let's think about whether this sentence uses deluge correctly and how effective it is.

So, first of all, I can see the word pair "constant." If it's constant, it's just happening again.

It just keeps on coming, it's not stopping.

It's nonstop.

Imagine Oz, "poor Oz," exaggerating.

"Poor Oz felt flustered as she saw the constant deluge." So, bills to pay are constantly, repeatedly, coming through her letterbox.

There's my word pair, constant.

And "were arriving" is a use of the past progressive tense.

Past progressive is, well, any progressive tense is when the main verb ends in "ing," I-N-G.

And this adds to the tension because it shows that they are still arriving.

If the sentence just used the simple past tense, "Poor Oz felt flustered "as she saw the constant deluge of bills that arrived through her letterbox," it makes it not quite as tense, because if it's "that arrived," it's as if it's finished and they've stopped coming.

But in using the past progressive tense, "the deluge of bills that were arriving," it implies that they were arriving, but it's still happening, and that adds to the stress.

Okay, so we're going to look at our second new stormy word now.

We've already learned a noun, a deluge, a flood, or a heavy or a downpour.

Let's find out what our second stormy word is.

Ah, what's happening in this picture? Can you, again, this is Stax, the giraffe.

Can you pause the video and describe what's happening here? Well done.

Well, Stax to me looks like he has been struck by lightning.

I can see it's almost like we can see sort of an x-ray of what's happening inside his body, and his hair is standing on end.

So there's definitely a storm going on.

I can see a black dark rain cloud, that this lightning has literally landed right on top of Stax's head.

This word is "electrifying." My turn, your turn.

Electrifying.

Well done.

Electrifying is an adjective.

So deluge was a noun, this is an adjective, a describing word.

It means thrilling or stunning, "like an exciting storm full of lightning or thunder." Imagine an electrifying storm, a thrilling or stunning storm.

That wouldn't be the kind of storm that you sometimes hear a rumble of thunder in the distance.

You wouldn't describe that kind of storm as electrifying.

But if you have ever been right underneath a storm and there's great big flashes of lightning and humongous claps of thunder, you would describe that as electrifying, thrilling, or stunning.

So the synonyms for electrifying are thrilling, exciting, or exhilarating.

Exhilarating is another way of saying something that's thrilling or really exciting, like if you went on a roller coaster ride, you might have said, "Oh, it was so exhilarating." Here's the word in a sentence.

"The electrifying storm was exciting, but not for poor Stax who was struck by lightning." These are word pairs of electrifying.

An electrifying storm, an electrifying effect.

So we have a cause and effect.

So, an effect is when something's happened and the effect is like the result of what's happened.

So, imagine if something had an electrifying effect.

Imagine a really, a room of lots of people who feel very bored, but something happened and it had an electrifying effect on everyone in the room.

It would really wake everyone up and suddenly everyone would feel very excited.

An electrifying atmosphere, perhaps at a music concert, there might be an electrifying atmosphere.

An electrifying performance.

Again, picture a concert if somebody gave an electrifying concert performance, it would be a performance that made everyone feel really excited or exhilarated.

An electrifying story.

Again, this wouldn't be like a boring story that was read in a very monosyllabic way.

An electrifying story would have everyone sitting on the edge of their seats.

And finally, an electrifying experience.

So, could you pause the video now and read these word pairs out loud? Well done.

Let's check what we've just learned.

Which of these words is a synonym for electrifying? A, thrilling, B, peaceful, C, rainy.

Pause the video now.

Well done.

The correct answer is A, thrilling is a synonym for electrifying.

Peaceful is the opposite of the word electrifying, and rainy, even though a storm could be described as electrifying, it's not really focusing on the rain aspect, it's more focusing on how exciting or thrilling it might be.

Okay, so we've done this task already, but this time we've got electrifying in the middle.

Could you first circle the synonyms and then draw lines to the word pairs? Again, there's a sentence here to help you.

"The electrifying storm was exciting, but not for poor Stax who was struck by lightning." Remember that trick.

If the word is a synonym, you might be able to replace it in the sentence.

Pause the video now.

Well done.

Let's look at the answers together.

The synonyms are exciting, thrilling, and exhilarating.

The word pairs are electrifying storm, electrifying effect, electrifying atmosphere, electrifying performance, electrifying experience, and electrifying story.

I would now like you to write your own sentence using the word "electrifying." Use the word pairs to help you.

So that's your starting point.

You might pick, an electrifying story, then you might think, who's telling the electrifying story? Is it a character from a book you're reading or a unit of work? Is it going to be a sentence about yourself or about a friend? And your challenge is to try and write a compound sentence using one of these coordinating conjunctions, "and" or "but." So a compound sentence is when we have two main clauses, and that's why we've got the Lego brick because it's almost like they are connected or joined by a coordinating conjunction, "and" or "but." "And" we use to build onto an idea, and "but" we use when we've almost got two opposing ideas.

A bit like the example sentence, "The electrifying storm was exciting, but not for poor Stax who got struck by lightning." It's like when we have a good thing, but a bad thing, or a bad thing, but a good thing.

Two different ideas.

So, could you pause the video and see if you can have a go at writing a sentence now? Okay, well done.

Let's look at some examples.

"Yin found the storm electrifying and clapped in excitement at the thunder and lightning." So let's check.

Does this sentence use electrifying correctly? And is it an effective sentence? Well, straight away I can see a word pair, storm.

The electrifying storm, or "Yin found the storm electrifying." Electrifying describes the storm.

I can also see that I could have just finished my sentence there.

"Yin found the storm electrifying." Full stop.

But I've used one of those conjunctions, "and," to build on, "and clapped in excitement." That shows how excited she was, that body language shows how excited she was.

Could you pause the video and check how effective your sentence is? Perhaps you might even be able to improve your sentence.

Off you go.

Well done.

Let's look at another example.

"Brick had found the beginning rather boring, "but the electrifying story ending with a shocking twist gave him goosebumps." So I can see here I've got my word pair, electrifying story, and I can also see that I've got "gave him goosebumps." That shows how thrilling it was.

If a story ended with a shocking twist, that might have an electrifying effect, it gave him goosebumps.

And we can see here that conjunction "but" working well, 'cause we started off with a negative.

He'd found the beginning boring, but the electrifying ending gave him goosebumps.

So we can see those opposing ideas.

Did you manage to use a coordinating conjunction? There's mine there, and we have a comma before we use "but." We don't need a comma if we used "and," but if we use "but," we have a comma before it.

Okay, it's time to look at our third new stormy word.

The first word was a noun, a deluge, and the second word was an adjective, electrifying.

You might want to have a quick fidget on your seat, maybe a little wiggle before we learn our third and final word.

What is happening in this picture? This is Stax.

Could you pause the video and describe what's happening here? Well done.

Well, Stax is, as you know, a very tall giraffe, but it looks like there is such heavy rain that the rain has come right up to his neck.

He's got an umbrella, but it's not doing much use because most of his body is submerged underwater.

There's a little duck floating next to him.

So I can tell that it has been raining a lot.

Let's find out what this word is.

Incessant.

My turn, your turn.

Incessant.

Incessant is an adjective.

It means endless or nonstop, like rain that just never stops.

These words are synonyms of incessant.

Nonstop, constant, and relentless, which again, means constant or nonstop.

"The incessant rain, which had been going on for weeks, seemed like it would never end." Now, incessant in Latin, if we look at the etymology, which is where this word came from, in Latin, the word "cessare" means to cease or stop or leave off or be idle, which again, if something is idle, it's not doing anything, it's just sort of sitting still.

So, the prefix "in" means not, so that if we put those two words together, it would mean not cease or not stop.

So here are some more examples of the prefix "in." Now, can you remember, prefix was one of our keywords in today's lesson, and it's a letter or group of letters.

So in this case, we've got a group of letters, because we've got two, an I and an N.

Prefix.

The prefix in this word is "in," and it means not.

So here are some more examples.

Inaccurate.

The root word would be "accurate." So if we said inaccurate, it would mean it's not accurate.

If, for example, you had an accurate spelling, it would be correct.

But if it was inaccurate, it would be not accurate or not correct.

Incomplete.

Again, the "in" that added to the root word "complete," means it's not complete.

The test is incomplete.

Invisible.

If something is visible, it means we can see it.

So if it is invisible, it is not visible.

So, going back to the etymology, that root word "cessare," which you can see where the word incessant has come from, means to stop.

So if it's "incessant," it's like it's not stopping.

It's constant.

Incessant rain, going on and on and on.

So let's check what we've just learned.

Which of these words uses the prefix "in" to mean not? So all of these words start with the two letters I-N, but which of them is a prefix meaning not? Pause the video now.

Your choices are A, ink, B, insecure, or C, India.

Off you go.

Well done.

The correct answer is B, insecure.

It means not secure.

So these words are word pairs of incessant.

Incessant rain, like in this picture.

Incessant downpour.

Incessant attack.

Imagine an attack that was just constant or nonstop.

Incessant repetition.

Imagine a parrot in your room, and if the parrot, if there was incessant repetition.

The parrot would just be saying the same thing.

Maybe, "Pretty Polly, pretty Polly, pretty Polly," all day long.

That would drive you mad.

Incessant demand.

Now, let's imagine that you set up a cake store and your cakes were so delicious that everyone was coming to buy them.

You would have an incessant demand for your cakes.

You have to just keep making more and more and more because people are constantly coming to buy them.

There's an incessant demand.

Could you pause the video now and read these word pairs out loud? Well done.

And here are some more word pairs.

Incessant movement.

Incessant noise.

Imagine if you lived next to a neighbour and there was incessant noise coming from their house, how annoying that would be.

Incessant chatter, and incessant ringing.

Again, could you pause the video and read these word pairs out loud? Well done.

Which of these words are word pairs of incessant? A, rain, B, table, C, noise.

Pause the video now.

Well done.

The correct answers are A, incessant rain and C, incessant noise.

Okay.

Just as we have done earlier in the lesson, we have a word map with incessant in the middle.

Could you first circle the synonyms and then draw lines to the word pair? There's a sentence there to help you if you need it.

Pause the video now.

Let's go through the answers together.

The synonyms are nonstop, constant, or relentless.

The word pairs are, incessant ringing, incessant attack, incessant repetition, incessant demand, incessant movement, incessant noise, incessant chatter, incessant downpour, and incessant rain.

I would now like you to write your own sentence using this word, incessant.

Use the word pairs to help you.

There is an additional challenge in this task to try and write a compound sentence, this time using either "and," "but," or "or." You'll notice there's a comma before "but" and "or," but not before "and." You could also turn the word into "incessantly" and use it as an adverb.

So we've learned it as an adjective, incessant rain, incessant downpour, incessant attack.

But you could also say something like, "The rain poured incessantly onto his head." Incessantly, when we add L-Y, "ly," it turns it into an adverb to describe a verb.

So we've got lots of different options here.

You could use the word as an adverb or an adjective.

And you could also try that challenge of writing a compound sentence.

Can you pause the video now while you complete this task? Well done.

Let's look at an example.

"The teacher tried incessant repetition, but Plato still couldn't spell his name." We've got a word pair, repetition, and we also could write the sentence and turn incessant into an adverb, incessantly.

"The teacher incessantly repeated himself, but Plato still couldn't spell his name." Here's another example.

"Will you stop that incessant chatter, or I'm going to turn the movie off!" yelled Grit in a rage.

Again, there's our word pair, chatter, incessant chatter, nonstop chatter.

We can also see a coordinating conjunction.

In this example we've got "or," and you might not see 'cause it's hidden, under that "chatter" there, that there's a comma before it.

"Will you stop that incessant chatter, or I'm going to turn the movie off!" yelled Grit in a rage.

For your final task, I would like you to fill the gaps with either deluge, electrifying, or incessant.

"The mm ringing of Grit's phone went on forever." "After an overnight mm, Stax woke to find his house totally flooded." "Oz's mm performance has the audience standing on their seats." Can you pause the video now while you try to place each of these words in the correct missing gap? Well done.

Let's go through the answers together.

"The incessant ringing of Grit's phone went on forever." It's just nonstop.

"After an overnight deluge, Stax woke to find his house totally flooded." And "Oz's electrifying performance had the audience standing on their seats." Well done if you managed to put those in the correct places.

Okay, so let's summarise what we've learned today.

We have learned three new words associated with stormy weather.

But as we can see, these words can be used in lots of other contexts as well.

For example, we could have an electrifying storm, but also an electrifying performance.

We could have incessant rain, but we could also have incessant chatter.

So these words are really helpful.

A deluge is a noun.

It's a flood or overflowing water, like gushing water from a blocked toilet.

Electrifying is an adjective, meaning endless or nonstop, like an exciting storm full of lightning and thunder.

Incessant is an adjective meaning endless or nonstop, like rain that just never stops.

I hope you've enjoyed learning with me today, and I hope these words are really helpful in your speaking and in your writing.

Thank you so much for working so hard today, and I'll see you soon.

Bye.