Lesson video

Hello, my name is Miss Chamberlain-Webber.

And I'll be teaching you spelling today.

Spelling's really exciting.

Because if you think about it, spelling are words, and words are absolutely everywhere.

Words are in the books we read, there on the screen of our phones of our television, but also, they're everywhere around us.

When we walk outside, you'll see words and spellings on street signs.

You'll see words and spellings in the parks, you go to, on signs.

So today we're going to be talking about patterns in spelling.

Specifically, today, we're looking at the ends of words and how they change to make a word from a singular word, that's one thing, into a clear rule word, two or more things.

Okay, let's get started.

Today we're going to start by looking at some key vocabulary we'll need for today's learning.

Then we'll investigate plural suffixes and generate some rules to help us with our spelling.

And finally, I'm going to set you 10 spelling words.

But don't worry, we'll look at each one in detail.

In this lesson, you will need an exercise book or piece of paper, a pencil, and ideally, a nice calm, quiet space for you to work.

Of course, please switch on those brains.

We want to be ready for our learning.

And if you don't have either of these things, please pause the video now and go and fetch them.

Key vocabulary.

We'll start with our first word, noun, this is a type of word class.

I would like you to repeat this word after me.

Noun.

Thank you.

A noun is a person, place or thing.

Suffix.

A suffix is a group of letters at the end of a word that change its meaning.

Singular.

singular, one noun.

That means there is one person, one place or one thing, this is what a singular noun is.

Plural.

Plural is more than one noun.

So if you have two or more people, places or things.

Time to investigate and generate.

We're going to be focusing on plural suffixes.

So let's remind ourselves what's the difference between plural or singular.

Singular is when there's one of something.

For example, here, there's one apple.

But here on my right, I have more than one apple.

Can you count how many there are? Pause if you want more time, there are five apples.

So this makes this a plural noun.

Apple, singular.

Apples, plural.

I think we're ready to look at words in more detail here.

I have the word book, this means one book.

How does the word change when it becomes a plural noun.

For example, if I had three, it would become books, three books.

My next example, train.

There's one train at the station.

But, there are many trains on the platform.

What has happened to my words? I wonder if you can spot a pattern here.

What's happened is an -s, the plural suffix -s has been added to my word.

Now this is the most common plural suffix and pattern in spelling.

In fact, you probably come across this in your lessons before, so that's why we're reviewing it very quickly.

For the next rule, we're going to need to remember what these two words mean.

The first one repeat, vowel.

A vowel.

Vowel letters are a, e, i, o, u, and y.

We have vowel sounds as well, but we're not going to focus on them in this lesson.

So what are consonant? Consonants.

They are all the other letters in the alphabet, for example, B, C, D, and so on.

Here I have three words that follow a slightly different rule to just adding -s.

So how do we remember? Let's have a look at each one.

The first one, birthday.

When's your birthday? Birthday becomes birthdays as a plural.

There are many people whose birthdays are on the fifth of July.

My second word, monkey.

Or I could have five monkeys as my plural.

Trolley, what you push around in a supermarket.

There might be many trolleys in a supermarket.

Have you spotted anything that's similar about these three words? Have a look carefully now and pause the video if you need more time.

Okay.

It's interesting.

They all have a similar letter before the y.

Let's have a look.

Monkey has an -e before the -y.

What type of letter is an -e? Is it a vowel or a consonant? Tell me.

That's right, it's a vowel.

Monkey becomes monkeys.

How about birthday? What letter is before the -y here? It's another vowel, an a this time.

Birthday becomes, birthdays.

And finally, trolley.

This is very similar to one of the words above, isn't it? Which one? Monkeys, that's because it has an -e and also the plural suffix -s, so.

Now we know what they have in common.

What is the rule? I want you in a moment to pause the video and think about the rule carefully.

My challenge for you, can you include the word vowel, and suffix in your explanation, have a go.

The rule is, if the word ends in an a, in a vowel plus -y, then add -s.

Our words do and in a vowel, plus a -y, we can see monkey ends -ey, birthday ends in -ay, then this means I simply have to add an -s.

So, let's recap that one more time.

Our simplest plural suffix is to add an -s.

For example, one flower, five flowers and so on.

Now, this one's slightly different, we must look at the ending of the word, and that is a vowel plus a -y, then just add -s.

For example, one birthday becomes five birthdays.

Let's explore a different plural suffix.

I have some words here.

Let's start with the first one, army.

An army is an organisation normally run by a military.

So what happens when we have more than one army? It becomes, repeat, armies.

Let's try the next word, story, if we have more than one story it's? Stories.

Well, done.

Finally, one berry, 20 berries.

Good.

So having a look at my plural words, armies, stories, berries, have you spotted what are purple suffix is? Tell me what it is now, ies.

Correct, so, there's something interesting about these words.

Why is my suffix changed to -ies? Let's have a little more of a detail look now.

My word army, story and berry, they all end in -y.

But I'm actually more interested in the latter before.

Lets have a closer look.

The letter before -y in army is -m, and this changes my word.

M is it a vowel or a consonant? Consonant.

So, lets see if story follows the same pattern.

The letter before my -y in story is -r, is that a consonant too? Yes it is, story becomes stories.

And finally, berry, this actually has a double consonant, rr.

And this also changes to berries.

So, what happens to my original letter here? I want you to pause the video in a moment and tell me what the rule is.

The rule is, if the word ends in a consonant before the -y, remove the -y and add -ies.

Right, now it's your turn to have a go, I want you to get your pen and pencil at the ready.

And I want you to write down the original word lorry, because there's one of them in our picture.

Here, to the side, we now have four, this needs a plural suffix.

I want you to pause the video here and write what our word would be as a plural, of you go.

The plural word is lorries and in this case, you've removed the y and added -ies.

If you haven't managed to do that, that's fine.

Just check the correct spelling and good luck on the next one.

I have one dictionary here, dictionary.

Let's have a go at changing this to a plural, because as you can see from the picture, there's many dictionaries there.

Pause the video now, if you want some time to change this into a plural.

Dictionary becomes dictionaries.

We've removed the -y again and added -ies.

So a recap of that rule.

Rules for adding -ies is looking carefully at our wordless when a singular word and in a consonant and a -y, remove the -y and add -ies.

Good, so far, we have done three spelling rules.

Let's have a look at one more.

Keep on going, you're doing great.

Now, this time I've made it a little bit trickier for you.

I want you to read the words on the left with me.

And then we're going to match them to the correct plural word on the right.

Okay, repeat, bus.

Box, church, dish.

Okay, so, time to pause the video here and match the correct plural word with its singular word.

Here they are.

The plural of bus is buses.

The plural of box is boxes.

The plural of church is churches.

The plural of dish is dishes.

Good job.

Now, take a moment to notice what's happened here.

What plural suffix do we have on the end of each word? The plural suffix is -es.

Let's have a look at why this is added.

Okay, as we've been doing, we're going to follow the same pattern and look at the letters at the end of the word.

Starting with buses.

One bus ends with an -s.

That means an -s or in this case a double -s will follow this rule.

How about box, the boxes, church and dish, they end in -x, -ch which together makes the sound ch and -sh together makes the sound sh.

So, what connects these five letters or groups of letters? They all have the suffix -es when they are a plural word.

Okay, time for that challenge again, I want you to pause your video and think about an explanation for this rule.

Can you include the word consonant and suffix in your rule? Have a go now.

The rule is if the words end in consonants, s, ss, x, z ch, or sh, add the suffix -es.

If you haven't already, take this time to write down those five groups of letters, so that you remember them later.

Rules for adding the suffix -es then.

If the word ends in the consonants s, ss, x, ch, sh, add -es.

For example, one kiss, several kisses, your turn to try.

On my left I have the singular word dress, one dress.

I need you to correct the word on the right for me.

It should be three.

I have one lunch.

But what if I had 29 of them? Can you write the correct plural word for me please? Pause the video now to complete this activity.

Three dresses and 29 lunches, with the plural suffix -es.

Great job if you did that.

If you didn't add any add -es.

Don't worry, correct your work and remember it for next time.

Here we go.

We have one more rule we're going to focus on before the end of the lesson.

On my left, I have four words.

On my right I have their words, the words in plural.

So let's see what's changed.

Repeat after me, piano.

Piano becomes pianos Zero.

Zero becomes zeros.

Potato.

Potato becomes potatoes.

Echo.

Echo becomes echoes.

An echo is when you're in a very large room or sometimes even in a cave, and you make a loud noise.

You can hear it bouncing off the walls, a bit of like repetition.

So then, have you noticed anything that connects these words? Every time we've been looking at what part of the word? The end of the word.

So, you've probably noticed that these all end in -o.

Now, there is something different about some of these words though, can you group them? Pianos and zeros go together, and potatoes and echoes go together.

I want you to pause the video now and tell me why.

That's right, piano and zero, have the suffix -s and potatoes and echoes have the plural suffix -es.

Why though? In fact, this time, there isn't a rule, linked to consonants or vowels.

In fact, for this rule, we just have to remember, so, have a pose now and tell me what is the rule for words ending in -o, can you use the word suffix for me please? The rule is, if the word ends in an -o add either -s or -es, we're just going to have to remember these special words ending in -o, and then try and link just -s or -es, on to that word.

So then, here we are, our words ending in -o, add -s or -es.

And in our next lesson, we'll look at this a bit more in detail.

So, have a go here, I've got two words ending in -o, do you know whether it's -es or -s at the end of these words? Pause the video now and have a go.

Tomatoes actually has an -es plural suffix.

Good job if you manage that and don't worry if you didn't, mistakes are great.

We make mistakes so that we can learn from it and get it right next time.

Radio, is it -es or -s? It's just -s for radio.

Remember radio, can be something that you can listen to, listen to music out of, or sometimes it means FM and Am stations of which you can listen to music or the news on.

So what spelling rules have you learned today? Let's have a look at all four of them again.

So the first one, just add -s.

When there is a vowel plus a -y, just add -s, change the -y into an I and add -s, -es.

Maybe you can read the next two with me.

Consonant, c, -ss, -ch, -sh, -x, add -es.

Words ending in -o, add -s, or -es.

Okay, let's look at my first word that's going to appear on the screen.

Donkey.

Donkey, which rule does this follow when it's made into a plural noun? Point at the correct one for me now.

Vowel plus -y, just add -s, good.

Here we can see there's an -e and a -y at the end of the word, which means we just add an -s.

Let's have another guy, repeat after me, bully.

Which rule just bully follow when it becomes a plural noun.

You change the y into an I and add -es.

Okay, but how do we know to add -ies? Is something special about the letter before the y? Can you tell me what it is? That's right, it's an l, which is a consonant.

So if there's a consonant before the -y, add -ies.

Our next word, brush.

Which rule does this word follow? Can you point to it? Okay.

It ends in the consonant -sh.

That means we add -es.

Okay, our last one, keep on going you can do it.

Hero.

Which rule does this follow? Pause now if you need more time.

That's right, it ends in -o, words ending in -o, add -s, or -es.

For hero, in this instance, we would add -es, just like we did for tomatoes, and potatoes.

So what have we learned? Let's look back at our key vocabulary from the beginning of the lesson and see how they're linked together.

Singular, plural, vowels and consonants, which one of these words fit into my sentences here? I'm going to get you to pause the screen here and read through these sentences.

I want you to pick the correct key word in this space in the sentence, where it sits.

Okay, pause now and half a go.

From the beginning, one have a noun is? singular.

More than one of a noun is a? Plural.

To spell plural nouns, it is important to look at the? Vowels or consonants.

It doesn't matter which way round you have it, at the end of each word.

Good job, if you got all four, maybe you got three or two.

But hopefully, you're feeling more confident about those keywords now.

Right, time to set your spelling words.

There's 10 words for your spelling list.

We're going to go through each of these individually.

So, have a pen and your pencil ready, because as we go through them, I want you to write down each spelling very carefully, making sure you've spelled them correctly.

If you need more time on each word, to finish writing it correctly, please pause the video at any time.

Let's get started with number one.

Friends.

Friends, ends with a plural suffix, which one is that? S, good.

So this is a nice and simple spelling.

Be sure to write it down correctly, remembering there's an I before the e.

Number two, birthdays.

Birthdays is a longer word.

It also has the plural suffix -s, but why? It has the plural suffix s, because it has what letter before the y? A vowel.

So we must remember that a vow before the y, we add s.

Number three, applies.

Applies comes from the singular noun apply.

Now, apply ends in what letter? In y.

So we need to remember our spelling rules for words ending in y, with what letter before it? With a consonant, l is a consonant.

And in this instance, we change our y to an i and add -es.

Now there's something else a little bit tricky about this word I sometimes struggle to forget.

And that is, two p's, there's two p's in the word applies.

Number four, enemies.

An enemy is someone who is not on your side.

Enemies.

An enemies is someone who is your opposition and against you, there's often evil enemies in superhero films and comic books.

So, this follows the same spelling rule as apply.

Tell me what that is.

It is removing the y and adding? It is removing, it is removing the y and adding -ies, good job.

Addresses.

An address is somewhere you live at.

Some people might have more than one address.

In that case they have addresses.

Now, this word has two sets of double consonants, can you spot them? There's a double d and a double s, and double s is one of our words, our groups of letters.

And addresses and, and double s is one of our groups of letters where we simply add -es.

Brushes.

Brushes is another one of those groups of letters where we add -es.

It makes the s and the h together, the sh sound.

Coaches.

Here's another one.

A word ending in a group of letters where we add -es.

What's the sound c and h? Ch.

Number eight, foxes.

This is an animal and the word ends in an x, therefore we must add the plural suffix -es.

Number nine, volcanoes.

A volcano ends in -o, but if we had more of them, maybe three or four, we would say volcanoes.

Now, this word ending in o has this suffix -es.

So we need to remember that.

Whereas this word, stereo, stereos, although it ends in an -o, this time, we just add -s.

Maybe you can remember this by thinking about the first letter begins with.

Stereos begins with an -s, we only add a -s on the end.

Okay, now it's time to look over those spelling's again.

Have you got everyone correct? Please check through and make sure you have, pausing the video here if you need more time.

Last thing we're going to do is remind ourselves of the full spelling rules we've learned today.

I want you to pause the video here and read through each one yourself.

Congratulations.

You've managed it today, going through key vocabulary.

You've investigated and generated four rules of plural suffixes.

And you've got your 10 words ready.

What you can do now is go over each word, trying to spell it yourself or think about the meaning of each word.

And I want you to practise these spellings before our next spelling lesson.

Because in our next spelling lesson, we're going to look at how we can practise our spellings and apply these rules to more words, not just our 10 that I've given you today.

You've done a great job.

I've enjoyed it so much.

And I hope to see you again soon.

Bye for now.