Hi everybody, it's Ms. Gardner and welcome to the final lesson of this handwriting unit.

I really hope you've enjoyed the unit as much as I have, and I'm looking forward to today's lesson where we are going to be writing two sections of a non-chronological report.

So let's get started.

Your learning outcome for today's lesson is to write sections of a non-chronological report in legible cursive handwriting.

Let's start by looking at the keywords.

We'll do my turn, your turn.

Non-chronological report.

This is a non-fiction text that informs about a subject or event and that is written out of time order.

Subheading.

A word, phrase, or sentence used to introduce part of the text.

Join.

Connecting together.

Letter spacing.

The amount of space between individual letters in a word.

So there are three sections of our lesson today.

In the first we'll be doing a handwriting warmup.

Then we'll be writing an introduction of a non-chronological report, and then we'll be writing a section of a non-chronological report in our neatest cursive handwriting.

So let's start with our warmup.

Before we start, what are these pictures reminding you to do? Pause the video now and have a think.

So the first picture is reminding us to be sat on a chair at a table or a desk, to have our feet flat on the floor and our back against the chair.

The second picture is reminding you to angle your paper correctly.

So if you're right-handed, the paper should be tilted slightly to the left.

If you're left-handed, paper tilted slightly to the right, then your non-writing hand is supporting you by keeping the paper still.

Then the third picture is reminding you to hold your pencil or your pen in the tripod grip.

Before starting to write, it's really important to warm up your hands and your wrist muscles.

A bit like you'd warm up your leg muscles before a gym class.

Your hands and wrists will get stronger when you exercise them.

The more you exercise them, the stronger they get.

Warming up your hands before writing will help to improve your handwriting so you'll be more ready for handwriting and making your hands stronger will also help to speed up your handwriting.

I'm going to choose to do a hand and wrist warm up and then you are going to have go.

So let's do the hand squeeze warmup.

I'm going to go first and then you are going to have a go.

So we can start with one of your hands.

Doesn't matter which one I'm going to start with my right and then I'm going to start by stretching my hand as wide as I can and then I'm going to squeeze my hand together.

I'm always going to imagine there's something really precious inside my, in the palm of my hand that I don't want to lose.

So I'm going to squeeze my fingers really tight onto my hand so that there's no gaps.

Maybe like a chain of a necklace or something really small, a gemstone that I don't want to lose.

I'm squeezing my hand tight.

Then I'm going to open it and stretch my hand wide again and then squeeze again.

Then we'll do it with my other hand.

I'm going to start by stretching my hand wide open and then squeezing it together, imagining there's something inside I don't want to let go of.

Stretching wide, squeezing tight.

Okay, it's your turn.

Choose whichever hand you want to start with.

I'm going to start with my right and we are going to start by stretching the hand wide and open and squeezing it tight.

Tightly holding in whatever is precious to you.

Stretching wide, squeezing tight.

Okay, let's swap hands and then the same thing.

Start by stretching your hand wide and then squeezing it really, really tightly.

Stretching out wide and then a tight squeeze.

Great job, well done.

Okay, let's do some wrist circles.

I'm going to go first and then it'll be your turn.

So I'm going to start by putting my hands out, forming little fists and then moving my wrists in one direction together.

Really nice feeling on your wrists.

Feels like they're getting lots of movement there.

And then I'm going to switch direction, go the other way around.

Little circles, forming little circles with my wrists.

Really great way to warm your wrists up.

Okay, are you ready? It's your turn.

Get your hands out like this, form little fists, and then choosing which one direction you want to go in which direction you're going to go in? Let's go to the right and then forming circles.

This direction.

And then switch direction other way around, making sure your wrists are feeling really ready for handwriting.

Great job.

Another great thing to do before you start handwriting is to practise the writing patterns as this helps us to prepare for writing and for joining letters.

You can see that writing patterns on the screen here.

We'll require really similar hand wrist movements to cursive handwriting.

So I'm going to choose a writing pattern to do in the air with my finger and then you are going to have a go.

So the first one, it almost looks like lots of the letter M joined together in a way, doesn't it? So I'm going to do that.

I'm going to really try and keep my movements smooth and flowing.

So up and down, up and down, up and down, up and down, up and down.

And then the one below is a bit more sharp, a bit pointier.

So up and down, up and down, up and down, up and down.

Your turn now.

You are going to choose a writing pattern to do in the air with your finger.

So pause the video now off you go and enjoy.

Okay, it's time for task A.

You need to copy and continue these patterns using your tripod grip.

Remember, don't lift your pencil off the page when forming the pattern and really focus on keeping the movement smooth and flowing.

So pause the video now and off you go.

Well done everybody.

How did that go? Did you use your tripod grip? Did you keep your pencil on the page? Was your movement smooth? I'm sure you all did really well, great job.

Okay, it's time for the second part of our lesson where we are writing an introduction.

A non-chronological report is a non-fiction text that informs about a subject or event and that is written out of time order.

The purpose of a non-chronological report is to inform the reader about a particular subject.

And non-chronological reports often use really subject specific vocabulary and have a formal tone.

Have any of you ever written a non-chronological report? If you did, what was the subject of it? Pause the video now and have a think.

So information in a non-chronological report is organised using a title, subheadings and paragraphs so that it's really clear and easier for the reader to understand and to digest.

It's a really good idea to practise writing non-chronological reports as it will help to improve your writing skills.

So non-chronological reports often follow the same structure, not all the time, but often.

They start with a title and then you have an introduction where, which is the first paragraph and encourages the reader to read on.

Then you have section one about a specific theme or idea about the topic.

Then you have section two, which is about another specific theme, and then you have your conclusion which kind of summarises everything you've learned.

So checking for understanding.

Select the features of a non-chronological report.

A, structure only includes paragraphs.

B, formal tone.

C, structures includes titles, subheadings and paragraphs.

And then D, it's fictional text.

Pause the video now.

Okay, so what are the features of an non-chronological report? It's written in a formal tone and the structure includes a title, subheadings and paragraphs.

Well done.

Can you remember the four joins in cursive handwriting? We've learned four of them.

Here's an example of each to help you.

Pause the video now and either have a think or discuss with your partner or class.

How could you describe each join? Off you go.

Okay, so the first join goes from the baseline to the x-height line.

The second join goes from the baseline up towards the ascender line.

The third join dips down from the x-height line to the x-height line, and then the fourth join goes up from the x-height line up towards the ascender line.

So we're going to be thinking about what joins we're going to use in our cursive handwriting today.

So let's look closely at an example introduction of a non-chronological report.

Introduction.

Tigers are nocturnal, distinctive-looking mammals that belong to the Felidae family.

These highly adapted felines are most commonly found in India and Asia.

Can you identify some of the features of cursive handwriting in this introduction? Pause the video now and take a close look.

Okay, so let's have a look.

The subheading, introduction, is neatly underlined.

The subheading has a capital letter which does not join to the other letters.

The letter I does not join to the next letter N.

The letter after the capital letter starts with a lead in from the baseline.

All lower case letter strings have a lead in and a lead out.

The x-height letters, ascender letters and descender letters are the correct size and shape.

The letters fighting as spacing is correct.

So the writing is legible, we can read it, the letters aren't too close together or too far apart.

And in this introduction, the first, second, and third joins are used.

Let's practise writing the introduction of this non-chronological report.

I'm making sure I'm sitting comfortably and I've got my pen in the tripod grip.

I'll start the subheading with a capital letter and then the next letter will be with a lead in from the baseline.

And then once I finish writing my subheading, I'll make sure I'm underlining it with a ruler.

So starting with my subheading of introduction.

Capital I and starting the letter N with a lead in from the baseline.

And then when I finish writing that, I'll cross my T's and dot my I.

Then I can underline it with a ruler.

So the first word of our introduction is tiger.

So we need to start with a capital letter and then I'm not going to join T to I.

I'm going to start with a lead in on the baseline and go back to dot my I.

Tigers are nocturnal.

Remembering every word starts with a lead in from the baseline.

Go back and cross my T now.

Nocturnal, distinctive.

There's two adjectives in a row so I need a comma in between just on the line.

Distinctive.

Now I can dot my I's and cross my T's.

And then I need a hyphen.

It's not too big, not too small.

Distinctive-looking.

Looped descender, go back and dot my I.

Mammals.

Just go down there.

Trying to keep all my x-height letters the same height.

That belong, cross my T's.

Remember every word starting with that lead in from the baseline, looped descender to the.

Felidae.

Now Felidae is a proper noun so we need a capital F.

I'll take my pen off the page and then leader in from the baseline.

Family, family, the letter F looped lead in looped descender finishing with the looped lead out.

And then it's the end of sentence, so full stop.

Then the next sentence also needs to start with a capital letter.

I'm not going to join T to H.

I'll start with a lead in from the baseline.

These highly, again, I'm not trying to go too high with my ascender letters, adapted.

Crossing my T after I finish writing the word.

Felines, go back and dot my I afterwards are most commonly found, are most commonly.

Again, my x-height letters are all the same height.

My L isn't too high.

My Y doesn't go too far down.

Found, oh sorry, my F should have started with a lead out from the baseline.

I have to edit that.

Found in, capital letter for India I, and then we don't join I to N.

So starting with a lead in from the baseline, making sure my letters are evenly spaced and Asia again, capital A.

I can take my pen off the page, lead in from the baseline to form the letter S, dot my I.

Full stop, great.

Checking for understanding.

Which joins are used in the word introduction? Pause the video now and take a closer look.

So in the word introduction, we use the first join, the second join and the third, did you spot them all? If you need to pause the video and have another look, otherwise really well done.

Okay, it's time for task B.

You need to copy the following introduction in cursive handwriting on your writing lines.

So not your tram lines, your writing lines.

So that means you need to think really carefully about the letter size.

Then once you've finished, you're going to go back through or read back through your introduction and use the following prompts to check your handwriting.

Check for accurate capital letters, check for lead in and lead outs.

Check for letter spacing, correct letter spacing and letter size.

Really try to keep all your x-height letters the same size.

So pause the video now and off you go.

Well done everybody.

I hope you enjoyed that.

Have a look at your introduction you've just written.

How does it compare to the example on the screen? Did you remember the capital letters? Did you remember the lead ins and the lead outs? And did you ensure your letters were the correct size and formation? If you need to, you can pause the video now and make any edits to your work.

Otherwise, great job.

Okay, it's time for the third part of our lesson where we're going to be writing a section of a non-chronological report.

So non-chronological reports have different sections identified with subheadings.

These sections contain paragraphs of information related to a particular aspect of the subject.

So section one will be about one aspect of the subject and then subject section two, will be about a different aspect.

This is just a really good way to organise your report and make it easier for the reader to find information.

The subheading is almost the title of that paragraph and it clearly shows what the paragraph will be about.

So let's look closely at an example section.

What do tigers' diets consist of? Tigers, which are carnivorous, eat a diet that features a range of other animals.

Tigers primarily consume deer, fish, boar, and birds.

Can you identify some of the features of cursive handwriting? Pause the video now and take a closer look.

Okay, so what did you notice? The subheading is underlined just like the last time.

The subheading has a capital letter which does not join to the other letters in the word.

The letter after the capital letter starts with a lead in from the baseline.

All lowercase letter strings have a lead in and a lead out.

The x-height letters, ascender letters and descender letters are the correct size and shape.

The punctuation is accurate and clear.

And so the full stops, the commas, and the apostrophes and the letter spacing is correct.

So the writing is legible, you can read it.

And then finally, the first, second, and third joins are used when writing this introduction.

Let's now practise writing a section of a non-chronological report with the subheading, what do tigers' diets consist of? I'm making sure that it comfortably.

And my pen is in the tripod grip.

I'll start with my capital letter for the subheading.

The subheading is what do tigers consist of? So the first word, what needs a capital W.

I'm not going to join W to H.

I'll do a lead in from the baseline.

What do tigers.

This is, crossing my T, dotting my I, this is an plural possession, so I need an apostrophe here after the S.

Diets, again, dotting my I, crossing my T afterwards, consist of.

Now this is a question.

So we need a question mark with the dot on the line.

Then, using my ruler, I'm going to underline the subheading.

Okay, so my first sentence, tigers, which are carnivorous, eat a diet that features a range of other animals.

So tiger starts the capital T.

I don't join tide T to I, so lead in from the baseline, trying to keep all my letters on the line.

And then we've got a which relative clauses we need comma on the line, which are carnivorous, so that means they eat meat.

Carnivorous, go back and dot my I.

All of these letters are x-height letters and then another comma 'cause it's the end of the relative clause.

Eat a diet that features, again, my T aren't going, isn't going too high up.

None of my ascender letters are going too high up.

We want to keep them relatively small so they don't touch the line above.

That features.

And then starting with F, with the lead in from the baseline, go back and cross my T.

A range of other animals, oh, sorry, I didn't mean to state that.

I'm going to cross it out neatly, doesn't matter.

Lead into the letter R, looped descender of other, go back and cross my T after I finish the letter string, animals.

That's the end of the sentence.

So I'll dot the I and full stop.

Again, tigers capital T.

Don't join it to the next letter, dot my I afterwards, primarily, finishing with a looped lead out, a lead out loop from the descender letter Y.

Go back and dot my I's.

Consume, that's another word for eat.

Tigers primarily consume deer.

And then we've got a list here.

So we need a comma on the line, not too big.

Fish, again, go back and dot my I, comma boar, and, oops, sorry again, that A, I'm going to cross that out.

The leader needs to go from the line, and birds.

Then I can go back and dot my I and full stop, great.

Checking for understanding.

Which joins are used in the word tigers? Pause the video now.

Okay, so in the word tigers, we use the first join and the third join, well done.

It's time for task C.

You need to copy the following section in cursive handwriting on your writing lines.

Then once you've done that, you're going to use the following prompts to check your handwriting.

Have you used accurate capital letters, lead ins and lead outs, is the letter spacing appropriate, and have you used the correct letter size? So making sure you're holding your pen or pencil in the tripod grip and using your writing lines to write this section.

Pause the video now.

Off we go.

Well done everybody, great job.

Have a look at the section you've just written.

How does it compare the example on the screen? Did you remember the capital letters? Did you remember to underline the subheading? And did you ensure your letters were the correct size and formation? If you need to make any edits, now's the time.

Otherwise, really well done everybody.

Here's a summary of everything we've learned today.

Information in a non-chronological report is organised using a title, subheadings and paragraphs.

The subheadings start with the capital letter and the capital letter does not join to the next letter in the letter string.

The subheadings are underlined.

The letter formation and letter spacing is accurate to ensure the writing is legible.

The cursive letters joins used depends on which letter is joining to which letter.

Well done today everybody, great job.