Lesson video

Hello and welcome to today's spelling lesson.

I'm Mr. Moss, and I'm really looking forward to teaching you.

With you today, you need to bring your looking eyes, your listening ears, and your thinking brains.

As well as that, something to write with and write on and someone or something to talk to would also be excellent.

Right then, let's waste no time and get right into today's spelling lesson.

In this spelling lesson, we're going to be spelling words of Greek origin that use the ph spelling to make an F sound or a F sound.

The outcome will be, "I can spell words that use the letters ph to make an F or F sound.

Here are the key words for today's learning.

There's just three, say them with me.

Etymology.

My turn, your turn, spelling.

Greek origin.

So etymology is the study of the origin of words and the ways their meanings have changed over time.

The spelling is an act of forming words by arranging letters in the correct order.

And Greek origin refers to words that come from the Greek language.

So we are going to be looking at that ph spelling today.

This ph spelling originates or is derived from Greek words, and it makes a particular sound.

Spelling words of Greek origin that use the ph to make an F or F sound is what we're going to be doing today.

We're going to begin by using the Greek-derived ph spelling.

Then we're going to look at some curriculum words.

And finally, which I'm really excited about, we're going to apply the spellings that we have looked at today within a sentence.

So let's get on with using that Greek-derived ph spelling.

Etymology is a branch of linguistics, so the study of language, that studies the origins and history of a word.

Origins means where something comes from.

Modern English is a language that has roots in many other languages.

I've drawn a pretty simple picture here that shows English as the tree, the branches, the leaves, and the trunk.

And we can see here below it are the roots, the things that have made up that language.

Hindi, Persian, Celtic, Norse, Germanic, Proto-Indo-European, French, Latin, and that language we're concentrating on today, Greek.

Words in English are derived from all of these languages.

And here we can see that rough split of where English is derived from.

The biggest three languages that English is derived from is Latin, French, and Germanic languages.

But we can see about 6% comes from Greek, and that's what we're concentrating on today, that ph spelling, using Greek-derived ph words.

Then about 6% comes from other languages, some of these other languages that I've spoken about here, such as Hindi and Persian, Proto-Indo-European.

And then about 4% comes from proper names, so the names of places.

Etymologists will consider the journey a word has been on to reach the point it is at today.

Some words have been on really interesting journeys.

For instance, the word here, pharmakeia from Greek.

You may recognise a word here that we use in English.

Perhaps pharmacy became pharmacia in Latin, and then farmacie in French.

And in English, we use the term pharmacy.

This is a place that you'll go to to get drugs and medicines.

There are many words in the English language that are derived from various other languages and not just Greek.

Let's look at some examples.

Yoga comes from Sanskrit.

Ketchup comes from Chinese.

Safari comes from Swahili and Arabic.

And bungalow comes from Hindi.

Today, we are going to be focusing on words that have Greek origins, so are derived from the Greek language and that contain that ph spelling.

Listen to these words for me.

My turn, your turn.

And as we read them, consider a similarity that they all share.

Phrase, pharmacy, that place that you're going to be dispensed medicinal drugs and medicines.

Phobia, so a fear.

I have a phobia of spiders.

Phantom, a ghost.

Photograph that you might take.

Elephant, an animal.

Telephone and symphony.

Symphony being a music composition often played by an orchestra.

What do you notice about all of these words? Read them again.

I think they all have something similar in them, don't they? Great, absolutely.

They all contain this ph spelling, but it's not making the sound that you might expect it to.

In each instance, it's making an F or a F sound, isn't it? Phrase, pharmacy.

You would associate that sound usually with the letter F, but here it is making that sound, but it's spelled ph.

They all contain the letters ph making that F or F sound.

All of these words are also nouns I've noticed too.

Let's find out more about the following words.

Let's look at some of these words in isolation.

The word fish here that has that F, F or F sound just with an F, is a noun.

An animal that lives in water and has fins and gills.

This has its origins or is derived from Germanic languages.

But then we have the words phobia and symphony.

These both have our ph spelling for that F or F sound.

Phobia, symphony.

A phobia is a strong fear or dislike about something, and it is derived from Greek, 'cause it has that ph spelling.

Symphony is the same, a musical piece for an orchestra, and it is derived from Greek.

So the words that contain our ph spelling in English, but that make that F sound for that ph, they originate, they come from the Greek language.

How cool is that? Fill in the blanks in the following sentence.

Words that contain the mm sound spelled ph often come from mm.

Choose two from the six below, off you go.

Great, words that contain the F or F sound spelled ph often come from Greek.

They have Greek origins, they are Greek-derived spellings.

Great.

Let's look at some more words in a bit more detail.

Here we have the words phantom and phrase.

Let's think about their definition and their origin.

I'm wondering if you can guess already given how they're spelt what their origin is though.

At the beginning of phantom, we have that F, F, don't we, but spelled ph.

A phantom is a ghost or something that's not real.

Its origins are in Greek, 'cause it's that Greek-derived ph spelling.

Phrase is a group of words with no verb.

So not a clause, just a phrase.

It is also derived from Greek.

So these words are of, my turn, your turn, Greek origin.

We call them Greek-derived words, derived being where they've come from.

It's because they come from the Greek language.

Think back to that tree I showed you earlier with English, and then all of those roots.

Greek is just one of those words in which English has derived certain spellings and words.

So I'm wondering, think about what we've been looking at today, that Greek-derived ph spelling.

Identify the Greek-derived spellings here.

Say the words and listen.

Off you go.

Great.

Let's read the first one, chef.

Well, I have a F, F, don't I, but it's spelled with an F.

That word is actually derived from French.

We then have phobia.

Oh, it's my ph spelling making that F, F, or that F sound, phobia, that fear.

That is a Greek-derived word.

I then have the word tough.

I don't have my ph spelling here, making that sound.

I have a different spelling, my O-U-G-H making that F sound, don't I? Tough is actually a word derived from the dramatic languages.

And then we have symphony, symphony.

Oh, it's that ph there, isn't it? That ph, which is making that F, F sound like in phonics or phobia or symphony.

That is a Greek-derived spelling or word.

Remember, a symphony is a piece of music written for an orchestra.

Sometimes just seeing the word in a sentence can help us to know whether the spelling looks correct or not.

This strategy really helps, especially when we're learning spellings that don't often have a rule.

"We took a photograph and sent it to Dad." Select the correct spelling now, off you go.

Great.

It's photo here being our root word, photograph.

It contains two, two phs making that photograph.

Amazing.

It's this one here, P-H-O-T-O-G-R-A-P-H, two phs here making that F sound, that F, photograph.

It is a Greek-derived word.

"I picked up my prescription from the pharmacy." Which spelling do you think we would use here? Which one looks right? Select it now.

Great.

Absolutely, it is this one here.

It's our Greek-derived.

The other one with an F would be, like, a farm with animals on.

That wouldn't make sense.

This is a place that we get our medicinal drugs or medicines from, that dispensary, a pharmacy, again coming derived from ancient Greek.

Amazing.

So choose the correct spelling in each sentence here.

Read the sentences.

Think about what we've been looking at, that Greek-derived ph spelling.

Off you go, team.

Brilliant.

Andeep has a phobia of snakes, so a fear of snakes or serious dislike of snakes.

It is that Greek-derived ph for that F, phobia.

There was a phantom that haunted the corridors.

Phantom, that ghost, absolutely it's our ph Greek-derived, with an F, doesn't look right, does it? And elephants are very intelligent animals.

Elephants.

It's not gonna be our gh there like tough making that F, is it? It's gonna be elephants.

Our Greek-derived ph spelling, making that F, elephants.

Brilliant job.

We are now going to have a go at spelling some words containing the Greek-derived ph.

The first word is pharmacy.

I went to the pharmacy to pick up my medicine.

Number two, phobia.

I have a phobia of spiders.

Number three, phrase.

He said a phrase.

Number four, symphony.

The orchestra played the symphony beautifully.

And number five, phantom.

The phantom appeared and scared them all.

I'll say those words one more time.

Pharmacy, phobia, phrase, symphony, phantom.

Pause the video, off you go.

Excellent job, team.

Great application of our Greek-derived ph spelling.

The first word was pharmacy.

Now it's not going to be that first one with an F, 'cause it's not a farm of animals on, it's Greek-derived, and it's that soft C followed by the Y, pharmacy, that Y making that E vowel sound with that Y.

It's a noun, pharmacy.

So it's our ph spelling.

The next word is phobia.

Again, it's our Greek-derived ph, a fear of something, phobia.

And it's just the O spelling for that O sound.

And then I-A, phobia.

We then have phrase, that group of words or group of words without a verb.

Phrase, it's Greek-derived.

And I know it sounds like a Z, but it's S-E for that S spelling or that sound at the end.

Phrase.

We then had symphony, that piece of music written for an orchestra.

So listen to this one.

It's interesting, it's a y making that I, I sound, sym, and then P-H-O-N and then Y at the end as well.

Symphony, that Y making that E sound at the end, symphony.

And finally we had phantom, that ghost or that thing that's not real.

Phantom.

Greek-derived ph, phan, T-O-M, phantom.

Great, how did you do there? Share your learning, share any magical mistakes and make any corrections now.

Remember, we're using the Greek-derived ph spelling for that F or F sound.

Off you go.

Onto our next learning cycle then, which is going to be spelling curriculum words.

Curriculum words are those words which are going to appear a lot in our reading and writing.

They may have slightly tricky elements to them, so it's important for you now to spell them.

Read the following words to me.

Vegetable, language.

The language that, the words that, or the spelling that we are focusing on today are derived from is Greek, language.

What do you notice about these spellings? Is there anything maybe tricky about the way they sound compared to how they're spelt? Say them again and think, off you go.

Brilliant.

I love looking closely at words like this and I'm picking what makes 'em difficult.

So I've noticed in vegetable, you cannot always hear that second E, depending on pronunciation.

Saying the word really slowly and stretching each part of it can help us remember this.

Vegetable, vegetable.

I always remember this as there's a table in vegetable.

In language, the U isn't really heard, is it, language.

And that A-G-E at the end sounds more like idge as in fridge, language.

So be careful with that word.

Both words have that G in them, okay, but it's making a soft G, that J sound, isn't it? Language, vegetable.

So watch out for that.

So which of these are spelled correctly? Point now to vegetable, go.

Brilliant.

Remember, there's that E in it that we don't always hear.

Vegetable, remember, stretching can help.

And it's that G making that J sound, that G, G, soft G.

And there's a table in vegetable, that's how I remember it.

And language, point to the correct spelling of language now.

She spoke many languages, language.

Great.

Remember, it has that U that you don't hear and it's that A-G-E that sounds a bit like an idge, language, language.

It has both a hard G, lang, G, G, and also a soft G, G, G in it, doesn't it? Language.

Let's read some more curriculum words.

Library.

I went to the library and took out a book.

Vehicle.

I drove the vehicle down the road.

Again, say these words and think about, do you notice anything interesting or difficult about them? Try and unpick them, off you go.

Great job, team.

So I've noticed a couple of things.

In library, you cannot always hear that R-A, library.

You don't always really clearly hear it.

Again, stretching it can help, library.

Making sure that we hear that R-A in the middle.

In vehicle, there's that H that we don't really hear.

I don't say vehicle, I don't hear that H, H, do I? So be careful.

With that in mind, which of these are spelled correctly? Point now to library, go.

Remember to stretch it.

Great, library.

L-I-B-R-A-R-Y, library.

Remember that R-A in the middle.

Vehicle, what was the naughty letter here? Point to the correct spelling of vehicle now, off you go.

Brilliant.

Remember, it has that naughty H in that we don't hear.

And that L-E for that L sound at the end.

So we're gonna use now the look, cover, write, check strategy to go over these spellings and embed them into our long-term memories, because it's really important that we know how to read and spell them, 'cause we're going to be using 'em a lot in our work.

So vegetable, I look at this really carefully and I consider what's difficult about it.

I've got that G that sounds like a J, J, doesn't it? A soft G.

And I've got that E there and don't forget it's a table in vegetable.

I then cover it up.

I have a good writing it in my neatest cursive handwriting ideally to make really good links between my hand and my brain, my motor memory, and then I check back and self-correct if I made any mistakes.

I got it correct, but just 'cause I got it correct first time doesn't mean I don't use the strategy again.

I'd cover this word back up, I'd look at it again now carefully, cover it back up, write and then check again.

And do this a number of times for each word to really embed those spellings into our long-term memory.

Pause the video now, have a go at writing vegetable, language, library and vehicle using this strategy.

Remember to look carefully each spelling and to consider what's difficult about it.

Off you go.

Brilliant job, team.

So I'm hoping you've got vegetable, language, and library and vehicle written out like this.

I'm hoping you've looked carefully, you've covered them up.

You've written 'em from memory in your neatest handwriting and then you've checked back as well.

Great.

Make any corrections and share your learning now.

Off you go.

And finally onto our final learning cycle, which is going to be applying spellings within a sentence.

So we are now going to write a sentence containing some of our focus spellings.

We have to do lots of different things at once.

So maybe make sure you've had a brain break here.

We're going to have to remember the whole sentence.

Sound out each word.

Think of the spelling rules we've been looking at.

Remember, we're looking at that ph Greek-derived spelling for that F or F sound, aren't we? Look out for those common exception or curriculum words.

Think about those ones we've looked at.

And remember our sentence punctuation.

So I'm going to read a sentence.

I want you to listen really carefully and hold the sentence in your head.

Remember to when you read it back, sound out each word.

Look out for those common exception words.

And also to check your sentence punctuation when you come to write it.

Just listen to me say the sentence first of all.

Use your incredible hearing.

"The elephant drove a vehicle to the pharmacy to overcome its phobia of the dark." So you imagine an elephant in the dark of night driving a car to the pharmacy, because it's trying to get over its fear of the dark.

"The elephant drove a vehicle to the pharmacy to overcome its phobia of the dark." Amazing, bit of a silly sentence.

We're now gonna use some strategies to help us remember this sentence.

The first is to repeat the sentence several times out loud.

"The elephant drove a vehicle to the pharmacy to overcome its phobia of the dark.

The elephant drove a vehicle to the pharmacy to overcome its phobia of the dark." The next is to picture what's happening in your head.

Goodness gracious.

This would be a really fun thing to picture, won't it? "The elephant drove a vehicle to the pharmacy to overcome its phobia of the dark." Great, I'm picturing a huge elephant in a massive car driving through a town in the dark to go to the pharmacy trying to get over its fear.

And finally, we can count how many words there are.

"The elephant," one word, "drove a vehicle to the pharmacy to overcome its phobia of the dark." I make that 15.

So in a moment, I'll say the sentence one more time.

You're gonna sound out each word.

Look out for those common exception and curriculum words and also check your sentence punctuation.

I'll say the sentence one more time.

"The elephant drove a vehicle to the pharmacy to overcome its phobia of the dark." Pause the video and write that sentence now.

Great job, team.

Amazing, great application of not only our curriculum words, but also that Greek-derived ph spelling as well.

So check our work and make any corrections now.

The, capital letter, obviously beginning of a sentence, elephant, oh, that has that ph, Greek-derived for the F, F.

Drove a vehicle, that curriculum word, remember that silent H and that L-E for that L at the end, vehicle, to the pharmacy.

Again, Greek-derived pharmacy, not with an F 'cause it's not a farm of animals.

It's our Greek-derived ph, pharmacy.

And that Y at the end there, making that E sound.

To overcome, compound word there, over and come, overcome.

Its phobia, again, Greek-derived ph, phobia being a fear of something.

Of the dark, and of course a full stop.

How did you get on here? Do you have any corrections to make, share your learning, particularly pay attention to elephant, vehicle, pharmacy, and phobia.

Elephant, pharmacy, and phobia have that Greek-derived ph spelling for that F or F.

And vehicle is that curriculum word with that naughty H in the middle.

Make any corrections now and share your learning.

What did you learn? Share that learning now and make any corrections.

Off you go.

Great job in spelling today, team.

Remember, many words in the English language come from other languages.

They're derived from other places.

They have origins elsewhere.

In words of Greek origin, the letters ph make the F or F sound.

Knowing which words have Greek etymology can help us to choose the correct spelling.

Most words with the ph spelling are nouns.

See if you can spot any of these words in your wider reading.

Keep up the great spelling practise as well, and I'll see you again soon.