Lesson video

Hello and welcome to the today's spelling lesson.

I'm Mr. Moss.

I love spelling and I can't wait to teach you.

With you today, you need to bring your looking eyes, your listening ears, and your thinking brains, as well as that something to write with and write on and someone or something to talk to would also be really helpful.

Okay, then let's get straight on with today's spelling lesson.

In this spelling lesson, we're going to be spelling words with the prefixes co-, pre-, pro- and sus-.

The outcome will be, I can spell a range of words with the prefixes, co-, pre-, pro- and sus-.

Here are the key words for today's learning.

My turn, your turn.

Prefix, root word, hyphen.

So a prefix is a letter or group of letters added to the start of a root word to change its meaning.

A root word is that base word from which other words are formed, often by adding prefixes or suffixes.

And a hyphen can join a prefix to a base word to avoid confusion or ambiguity in the meaning or spelling.

And we're gonna be using some of these today.

So we're gonna be adding a range of prefixes today to root words.

The great thing about dealing with prefixes is they don't really change the spelling of the root word when added.

We do sometimes have to add a hyphen though, and we're gonna look at some specific words that use this today.

Here's the outline for today's lesson.

We're gonna begin by recapping some known prefixes, the prefixes you may know already, and then we're gonna look at the four that we're concentrating on today, co-, pre-, pro- and sus-.

And then we're gonna spell some curriculum words in the final learning cycle.

So let's begin by recapping those known prefixes.

A prefix, remember, is a letter, or group of letters that we add to the beginning, to the start of a word to change its meaning and create a new word.

Here we have the root word, like, if I add dis, it becomes dislike, the opposite of like, an antonym.

Here we have take.

If I add mis, m-i-s, it becomes mistake, to do something wrongly or incorrectly.

Happy and unhappy, again, opposite antonyms. Notice here how the spelling of the root word to which the prefix has been added has not changed each time.

So understanding prefixes can help us to work out the meaning of unfamiliar words we may not know.

It can also help us with our spelling.

The prefix does not change the spelling of the root word when it is added, remember, which makes them quite a bit easier to use and study than suffixes.

So I'd like you to think carefully.

Can you choose the correct spelling of the word and think about how you know? Remember, the addition of the prefix does not change the spelling of the root word.

Spot the prefix, spot the root word.

Off you go.

Good job team.

Solid effort there.

So a is unnecessary.

Now my root word here is necessary.

I'm adding my prefix unnecessary to create that antonym, unnecessary.

It's going to have a double N because the spelling of the root word won't change when I add that prefix.

The next is dissatisfied.

My root word here is satisfied.

I have my prefix dis, just like unnecessary, I'm gonna end up with a double S because my dis prefix ends in an S and my root word satisfied at begins with an S.

And misspell, again, mis, m-i-s is my prefix, spell is my root word.

I'm going to end up with a double S.

I know the prefixes, un-, dis-, and mis- do not change the spelling of the root word.

So all of these words have double letters.

The key takeaway here is the spelling of the root word is not changed when we add our prefixes.

There are many different prefixes with a range of meanings.

Remember that that pre means before and fix means to attach.

So we're attaching something before the beginning of a word.

Thinking about that, how many prefixes can you remember? We've actually already looked at some so far in this lesson so if you've been paying attention you should have some in your mind already.

Pause the video now.

How many prefixes can you think of? (chuckling) Excellent, some wonderful thinking and I loved hearing you say some words containing those prefixes there.

So you may remember these prefixes, we have de-, like deflate or decompose.

Be careful, this can sometimes sound like d-i, di, but it's de-, and this means to undo.

We can have re-, which means again, like reappear or rebuild or recycle.

Super-, which means above or beyond the normal, supermarket, a larger normal market.

Supersonic.

We could have inter-, which means between, interaction, interact, international, intercity, anti-, which means against like antibacterial, like anti-war.

Notice our hyphen there in anti-war! We have auto-, autobiography, automatic, which means self or own, bi-, which means two or twice like bicycle, binary or bisect.

Cut something into two parts, tele-, which means distant, telephone and television, trans-, meaning across, transport or transfer, and circum-, meaning around the circumference, which is the distance around the shape or circumnavigate, to travel around the world.

So with that in mind, match the prefix to its meanings.

We have the prefix de, super, circum, and bi, b-i.

Match 'em to the meanings on the right, above, two, around and undo.

Think of some words that contain these prefaces as it might help you decide what their meaning is.

Off you go.

Great job.

So de means undo, deflate, to take air out.

Super means above.

Superhero, supermarket, beyond the normal.

Circum means around, circumnavigate, circumstance, circumvent, and bi means two, bicycle, bisect.

Understanding the meaning of prefixes can help us understand the meaning of unfamiliar words.

Telemonitor, for instance, is a made-up imaginary word.

What do you think it might mean though? Think about the root word and that prefix that we've looked at.

Telemonitor, have a think.

(chuckling) Great job, some really interesting discussions and some really creative ways of defining that word there that were very logical, I must say.

You really thought about what that prefix meant and that root word.

I think telemonitor would mean monitoring from a distance, because tele means distant, like a telescope helps you to see from a distance.

Using the prefix to help you, what do you think the imaginary word autopark could mean? D'ya think it means a, an underground park, b, a self-parking system, or c, a park in the sky.

What do you think that word autopark might mean? Great.

An underground park.

Well, sub means under, doesn't it? We are looking at that prefix auto, which means by oneself or by its own or automatically.

A park in the sky wouldn't be to do with that.

It's a self-parking system, autopark.

The prefix, auto-, means self or own.

So autopark could be a self-parking system, like auto-focus is when a camera focuses itself by itself.

So for our task now, I'd like you to create new words using these prefixes and add them to the root words.

Be careful, you can only use each prefix once with each word.

So be careful with the words that you form.

Pause the video now have a go at these prefixes to these root words to create new words and say those words.

Remember, the spelling of the root words will not change when we add the prefixes.

Off you go team! Fantastic job! So cycle became bicycle.

Its pronunciation changes a touch, which means a two-wheeled vehicle, bicycle.

Vision, we added tele for television.

Mobile became automobile.

Its pronunciation changes a touch there, honest becomes dishonest and port became transport.

Great.

Do you have any corrections to make there? Did you manage to sort the words correctly? Do you know what they all mean? Share your learning make any corrections now.

Onto our next learning cycle then, which is the prefixes, co-, pre-, pro- and sus-, s-u-s.

Let's read these words.

My turn, your turn.

Congregate, which means to come together.

Combine, to put things together.

Coworker, a person who works with you.

Precaution, something you take to avoid danger, proactive, provide, suspect, suspense.

So all of these words begin with the prefixes, c-o-n, con-, c-o-m, com-, c-o, co-, p-r-e, pre-, p-r-o, pro- and s-u-s, sus- And we can see them here.

Some of them have quite obvious root words, don't they? Like coworker for instance has that root word worker, or work, that stem word on which it's been added.

Proactive has active very clearly, but some have less obvious ones like provide with vide, but the prefixes are still there and we can still see them being added to the stem.

And they help us to understand what those words mean.

We will investigate how these prefixes inform the meaning of words and the related spelling patterns to them.

So we are going to begin by exploring c-o-n, con-, c-o-m, com-, and co-, spelled c-o, and the fact that they are all related, they're all linked in meaning.

Combine, congregate, cohabit.

So to combine means to add or put together.

Congregate means to come together usually for a purpose.

Cohabit is to live together in the same place.

Looking at our definitions here, what do you think com-, con-, and co- means? Have a think.

Brilliant, some really good logical thinking going on there.

They all mean together or with, combine, added or put together.

Congregate, come together, cohabit, live together.

They're all with other things as well.

Using your knowledge of the meaning of the prefix co-, c-o, explain what you think the word cooperate might mean.

Think about what prefix means.

Think about the root word.

Have a think.

Brilliant, lovely thinking there.

So it means to work together towards a common goal, cooperate.

The prefix co-, remember, means together.

Some prefixes use hyphens.

This can happen for a few different reasons, which we're gonna look at now.

It can sometimes prevent two of the same vowel appearing next to each other.

For instance, re-enter and co-ordinate.

This might confuse us with how they're supposed to be pronounced.

With the prefixes, ex- and self-, for instance, ex-president and self-care.

To avoid confusion, for example, re-cover, and recover, two words that mean very different things.

You can re-cover the food after you finish, or can you re-cover the food after you finish means to cover back up, again, and you should recover after the operation to get better, two different words.

Why do you think a hyphen has been used in this word? We co-own this car.

We own it together.

Why would I use a hyphen here? Think about the reasons we just looked at.

Pause the video and have a think.

Great.

Well the hyphen helps us to read the word.

Otherwise we might think it has an oo sound with a double O in it.

Co-own means they own it together.

So we have those two vowels next to each other, the same ones, O and O, so we put a hyphen to not confuse us with our pronunciation.

Let's explore the meaning of the prefix, pre-, spelled p-r-e.

Preview, prehistoric, previous.

And remember, that word prefix has this word in itself, doesn't it? If you preview something or preview something, you look at something before it happens or is shown.

I saw the preview showings of the movie.

I saw it before it was fully released.

Prehistoric is relating to a time before written history, previous is happening or existing before something else in time, it came previously.

What do you think pre means then? Pause the video and have a think.

Great job team.

So it means before, very, very straightforward on that one.

Let's explore the meaning of the prefix pro-, p-r-o.

Proactive, proceed, propeller.

Be careful with that one 'cause it's not quite clearly a pro, propeller.

It's not such an emphasised vowel.

Proactive means acting ahead of time to make things happen.

Proceed means to move forward or continue.

And a propeller is a spinning blade that pushes a vehicle forward.

The prefix pro- means ahead.

Even though we cannot recognise a root word in each of these words, the prefix still contributes to the meaning.

Proceed, to move forward or ahead, propeller, to be moved forward, pushed forward, linked to that word propelled.

It's possible to use prefixes to create words that other people will understand in conversation, even if they aren't actually found in a dictionary.

They allow us to be really creative.

Let's chat on the phone pre-bedtime.

Notice, I've added a hyphen, I am really pro-sweets! Let's think about what these words might mean then.

Pre-bedtime refers to the time before bedtime.

So that's when we're going to have a conversation.

Pro-sweets refers to that positive emotion being pro something you're for or in favour of sweets.

I'm pro-sweets, who isn't? They're so tasty.

So what is the meaning of each of these prefixes that we've just looked at, co-, pre- and pro-? Pause the video and have a think.

Consider some words that contain them, as that will help you understand their meaning.

Excellent thinking team.

So co- means with or together, cohabit, cooperate, pre- means before, prehistoric, pre-emptive, and pro- means forward, can also be for, and positive, propeller, to push forward.

So the prefix sus-, the final one we're gonna look at in this learning cycle has derived from the prefix sub-, which you may recognise, like submarine, meaning under or below.

Suspect, suspend, suspicion.

Be careful with that suspicion, that shun is made by a c-i-o-n spelling.

It's a very strange spelling.

Sus-, if you're a suspect, you're under the spotlight.

You're a suspect in a crime.

If you are suspended, it can mean a couple of things.

You could suspend something by holding it up or you could suspend a show.

You could temporarily stop it, and suspicion, a feeling that someone or something is not to be trusted.

The prefix sus- then can give a sense of doubt or uncertainty.

You are unsure about something.

Choose the correct spelling of the word here.

Think about how you know.

The word is suspense.

Choose the correct spelling, off you go.

Good job team.

It's this one here, well, we had that prefix sus-, spelled s-u-s.

And we have a particularly obvious root here, suspense.

So we know it's going to be just a single S, s-u-s.

I know that how to spell the suffix, sus-, s-u-s.

This helps me know to only use one S, even though the S sound is spelled double S after a short vowel at the end of words like miss, sus, and it is an ah ah.

So be careful, just one S.

So we now for our practise task are going to have a go at spelling some words that contain this range of prefixes that we've been looking at.

So listen very carefully.

Remember to, sound out the word, think of a root word, is there is an obvious one, think of the spelling rules that we've looked at.

Remember the spelling of that root word won't change.

Read the word and check.

So our first word is cooperate, cooperate.

You must cooperate with your classmate.

Number two is preview, I was able to preview the new movie.

Number three, dissatisfied.

I was a left dissatisfied.

Number four, proceed.

You should proceed with your work now.

And number five, suspect or suspect, he was a suspect in the crime.

So I'll say those words again.

Cooperate, preview, dissatisfied, proceed and suspect or suspect.

Pause the video now and write them.

Off you go.

Excellent job team.

Really, really great use of our prefixes there.

So our first one was cooperate.

Now this is a really interesting one.

So it doesn't follow our rule here of using hyphens where we have two of the same vowels next to each other.

We have the word operate as our root word and co as our prefix, cooperate.

We have our double O together, which is really interesting here, which means to, when a corporative needs to work together.

We then have preview, to view something before it properly comes out.

It's pre or preview.

Now be careful, preview, p-r-e is the spelling of our root here, of our prefix here, our root word is view, v-i-e-w.

So preview, the next word is dissatisfied.

Now our root word here is satisfied, our prefix is dis, d-i-s.

It's gonna have a double S then isn't it? Because our prefix ends in an S and our root word begins with an S, dissatisfied, not satisfied.

Proceed, if you proceed with something, you move forward with it, you begin it.

So proceed is p-r-o as our prefix.

Now there's no obvious root word here.

It's that ceed.

Now it's the soft C, making that sss sound, proceed.

And suspect.

Remember, only one S here, suspect.

Again, no clear root word, but we do have that stem.

We're gonna add sus- onto s-u-s-p-e-c-t, suspect.

Great job, make any corrections now.

And onto our final learning cycle then, which is going to be spelling curriculum words.

Let's read some words.

My turn, your turn.

Complete, you must complete your work.

Programme, a programme could be a plan of action, but it could also be as in a computer programme.

You can also do this where you can programme something.

Develop, you must develop your ideas, you must develop your skills.

So we have complete, programme, develop.

What do you notice about these spellings? Is there anything maybe tricky about the way they're spelled compared to how they sound? Have a think now.

Say them again, off you go.

Great job team.

So I've noticed a few things about them.

Complete has that e-e there like in the word athlete.

So watch out for that.

Programme has a really strange mme at the end, which is very unusual, programme for that M, mm sound.

And develop sounds like di doesn't it, de, but it's that de at the beginning, develop, develop, d-e-v-e-l-o-p-e.

Take a snapshot of these now everyone, because I'm gonna test you on them! Which of these words that we've just read is spelled correctly, point to the correct spelling of complete.

Off you go.

Great job.

Remember, complete, c-o-m-p-l-ete, and it's that ete like athlete.

This is our correct spelling.

Point to the correct spelling of programme now, off you go.

Great job.

Remember what was strange about this was at the end, the mme, like a computer programme, pro with our p-r-o, pro, and then gramme, g-r-a-m-m-e.

Develop, like you could develop some photographs, develop, point to it now! Great job, develop.

Now it sounds like d-i doesn't it, di, di, but it's d-e.

It's our d-e-v-e-l-o-p-e, develop, develop.

Be careful as well with that o-p because it can sound like an up at the end and not an op, o-p.

So because these curriculum words are gonna appeal at our reading writing, it's really important we are confident with writing them, spelling them and reading them.

So we're gonna really embed them into our long term memory now and we're gonna use the strategy called look, cover, write, check to help us with this.

This is where we look carefully at the spelling and we consider what might be tricky about it.

With complete for instance, is that lete at the end, I then cover it up having memorised it and write it in my neatest handwriting.

Ideally joined up to make really good links through my hand and my brain.

I write it and then I uncover and check the final part of the strategy.

Oh, I got it correct, but I don't just do it once, I do it a number of times.

Look, cover, write, check to really embed it into my long-term memory.

Pause the video now and use this strategy for complete, programme, develop.

Off you go.

Excellent work team.

So I'm hoping you manage to spell complete, programme, developed correctly and you've looked carefully at 'em and considered what's difficult about them, and that you self-checked.

Did you manage to spell them correctly? Share your learning and make any corrections now! Off you go.

Brilliant spelling today, team, we've been looking at different prefixes today.

A prefix is a letter or group of letters at the start of word which changes its meaning and does not alter the spelling of the root word, remember.

The prefix is co-, com- and con- mean together or with, like cohabit.

The prefix pre- means before, like prehistoric, and pro- means ahead, like proceed.

A hyphen can join a prefix to a base word to avoid ambiguity or confusion in the meaning or spelling.

Keep up the great spelling and see if you can spot any of these prefixes in your reading.

I'll see you again soon.