Lesson video

Hello and welcome to the today's spelling lesson.

I'm Mr. Moss, I love spelling and I can't wait to teach you with you today.

You need to bring your looking eyes, your listening ears, and your thinking brains, as well as that, something to write with and write on and someone or something to talk to would also be really helpful.

Okay then, let's get straight on with today's spelling lesson.

In this spelling lesson, we are going to be spelling words with the prefixes, de, re, sub, super, inter, anti and auto.

Quite a lot of prefixes there.

The outcome will be, I can spell a range of words which use all of these prefixes.

Here are the key words for today's learning.

My turn, your turn, there's only two, so keep an eye and an ear out for them.

Prefix, root word.

So a prefix is a letter or group of letters added to the start of a root word to change its meaning.

We are looking at a whole host of prefixes today, and the root word is the base word from which other words are formed often by adding prefixes or suffixes.

And the great thing about spelling of prefixes is the spelling of the root word doesn't change.

So here's the outline for today's lesson.

We're using this wide range of prefixes and we're gonna begin by looking at de, re, sub and super.

Then we're gonna move on to inter, anti and auto and we're gonna finish today's lesson by spelling some curriculum words.

So let's begin by looking at the prefixes, de, re, sub and super.

Remember that a prefix is a letter or group of letters that we add to the start of a word, the beginning to change its meaning.

Here we have the root word friendly.

If I add my prefix un, it means unfriendly.

It creates an antonym, an opposite of that root word.

Here we have calculate and we add the prefix mis, which means to calculate wrongly, pre and view, create preview, to view something before.

Understanding prefixes can help us to work out the meaning of unfamiliar words and it can also support us with spelling them too.

Let's actually break down the word prefix itself 'cause it contains a root word and a prefix.

Our prefix is pre, meaning before, and we get this in the Latin prae.

Our root word is fix, which as I'm sure you can guess, means to attach, to fix something to something else.

And we get this from the Latin figere.

(speaking in foreign language) Prefix means to attach something before the root word, before something.

So a prefix then remember is a letter or group of letters added to the start of a word to change its meaning and create a new word.

And as I've said, the great thing about dealing with prefixes is unlike suffixes, they don't tend to change the spelling of that root word.

So we're gonna read some words now that contain some prefixes.

My turn, your turn.

Defrost, delay, return.

As we read these words, see if you can spot the prefix and see if you can spot an obvious root word.

Recycle, submarine, subtract, superhero, supermarket.

So all of these words begin with prefixes.

We have a range of prefixes here.

We have De, re, sub, sub and also super.

We are going to investigate how these prefixes inform the meaning of words and the related spelling patterns.

Some of them have very obvious root words, don't they like recycle, for instance, has the root word cycle.

Return has the root word turn.

Submarine has that root word marine, but some have less obvious ones as well.

So what do these words mean and what do they have in common? Listen carefully.

We have reappear, rebuild, recycle.

Reappear means to appear again.

Rebuild means to build again and recycle means make something able to be used again.

So they all contain this prefix re before the root word and re means to do something again.

The prefix re means again.

Reappear means to appear again.

Rebuild means to build again.

Recycle make something able to be used again.

Let's look at some more prefixes.

My turn, your turn.

Decompose, deflate.

To take the air outta something, de-ice.

Notice the hyphen here.

If something decomposes, it means to rot.

It is the opposite of compose, which means for something to grow and build.

If something deflates, it means to release air.

It is the opposite of inflate, to put air into something with that prefix in, which can mean to put something into something else like inject and de-ice means to melt.

It is the opposite of freezing and for ice to form.

They all contain this prefix de, it means the opposite.

Here we have a hyphen in de-ice.

A hyphen is sometimes used when two vowels like E and I for instance, here are placed together to make the word clearer when reading.

The prefix de then means to make the opposite or to undo, decompose, the opposite of compose, to rot.

Deflate, it's the opposite of putting air in and de-ice, to get rid of ice.

What do these prefixes usually mean? De and re, pause the video and have a think.

Think about some words that we've just looked at that have them in.

great job team, de means to make the opposite or undo, de-ice, decompose and re means, again, recycle, reappear.

I think these prefixes are like opposites of each other and they are in many ways aren't they? De means the opposite or to undo, whereas re means for something to happen again.

What do these words mean and what do they have in common? We're gonna look at some more suffixes now.

Submarine, subheading, which I'm sure you've used in your English or literacy work.

Subtropical.

If you've been studied geography, you may know this word submarine means something under the surface of the sea.

Marine meaning sea, sub meaning under subheading.

A heading that comes under the main heading or title and sub means tropical, means nearly tropical.

The subtropics are those regions near the tropics.

So sub then means under or nearly, brilliant.

I wonder if you can think of any other words that contain that.

Always keep an eye out for these in your reading and writing.

Final prefix for us to look at in this learning cycle.

Supermarket, superhero.

A supermarket is a very large market, larger than ordinary market.

It goes beyond that normal market.

A superhero is not just any normal hero, it's a hero of extraordinary powers.

A hero that is above and beyond a normal hero.

So our prefix super then means above.

And I don't mean above as in its position necessarily.

I mean it exceeds the normal.

It is larger and more powerful than the word that it's been added to.

So it's not just your normal market, it's a supermarket.

It's a larger than the regular market.

It's not just a hero, it's a superhero.

It has more extraordinary powers than normal hero.

It goes above and beyond that root word.

What do these prefixes usually mean? Super and sub.

Think about the words we just looked at and their meaning.

Off you go.

Great job, super means above.

More extraordinary, greater than the normal thing that it's been added to, sub means under or nearly, submarine, under the sea.

Subtropics, near the tropics, nearly tropical.

I think these prefixes are like the opposite to each other as well.

Sub means nearly like something at times, whereas super means beyond that thing.

So read the definitions and match the prefixes, off you go.

Brilliant job team.

I can see you really, really carefully been listening today.

So under or nearly is sub.

Again is re like recycle, above or goes beyond is super and make the opposite or undo is de.

Here are some otherwise containing the prefixes, de, re, sub and super.

Use your knowledge of the meaning of the prefixes to try and explain or predict what each word means.

We have the words, my turn, your turn.

Rewrite, subway, superstar and detangle.

Think carefully about the root word.

Think carefully about the prefix.

What do each of these words mean? Off you go.

Brilliant job, so rewrite, we have the root word write and the prefix re.

It means to write something again or in a different way.

Remember that, prefix re means again.

Subway, a train system underground.

A subway might also refer to a pathway that is also underground.

Superstar, a very famous and successful person.

So not just a regular star, a superstar.

They're beyond an above a normal star and detangle, to remove or undo tangles or knots.

I hope you managed to get those definitions by looking carefully at the root words and the prefixes.

Understanding the definitions of prefixes helps us to the meaning of words as well as how to spell them.

So for our task right now, I'd like you to put the root words into the correct column by matching them to a prefix to create a new word.

Use what sounds right to help.

Try saying them with a variety of different prefixes until you find the one that sounds correct.

For instance, I wouldn't have demarket, remarket, submarket, but I could have a supermarket.

Remember, will the spelling of any of these root words change? Match the root words, add the prefixes now, off you go.

Brilliant job team.

So I'm hoping you managed to sort them like this.

Rail and tangle became derail and detangle.

Turn and cycle became return and recycle.

Submerge and submarine were merge and marine and market and hero were supermarket and superhero.

Onto our next learning cycle then, which is the prefixes, inter, anti and auto.

I love these prefixes.

They create some really cool words.

Let's explore the meaning of the prefix inter.

First of all, interact, international, intervene.

So if you interact, it is to act together or influence each other.

An interaction is two people acting together or influencing each other, two or more people that is, international is relating to two or more countries and intervene means to come between.

An intervention may occur if there's an issue between something or some people, some people may have to get involved and come between them.

The prefix inter means between or among using your knowledge of the meaning of the prefix.

Inter, explain what you think the meaning of the word intercity might be.

Have a think.

Brilliant, well we have the root word city here and our word inter.

I think intercity means connecting or going between cities like an intercity rail link will be a rail link that connects or goes between both of those cities.

The prefix inter remember means between or among.

Select the correct spelling of the word.

The word is interrelated.

Brilliant, can see you thinking really carefully there and using your knowledge of the rules when we add different prefixes, the spelling of our root word won't change here.

So the correct spelling is going to be interrelated with two Rs, because our root word is relate, which begins with an R.

So we have a double R.

When we add our prefix inter, the spelling of that root word isn't going to change.

We're going to have a double R because inter ends in an R and related begins with an R.

Let's explore the meaning of the prefix anti, antibiotic.

You may take those if you're feeling unwell.

Antifungal, used to get rid of fungus, antisocial.

An antibiotic is a substance that kills or inhibits the growth of bacteria.

Antifungal is a substance that prevents or treats fungal infections.

Antisocial means not sociable or wanting the company of others.

The prefix anti then means against antibiotic, against bacteria, antifungal, against fungus, antisocial, against being social.

Let's explore the meaning of the prefix auto then.

Automatic, like an automatic door that opens by itself.

Autobiography, that book you might write about yourself.

Automobile, like a car.

Automatic means operating by itself with little or no direct human control.

Autobiography is a written account of one's own life written by oneself.

The root word there is biography.

Our prefix auto and an automobile is a vehicle capable of moving on its own.

So our prefix auto means self or own, something that can work on its own about oneself or on its own.

What is the meaning of each of these prefixes, inter, anti and auto.

Think about some of the words we just looked at.

Pause the video and have a think.

Brilliant, so inter means between or among, like inter city or international.

Anti means against like antibiotic, antifungal and auto means self or own, automobile.

Automatic, autobiography.

Use your knowledge of the meaning of the prefixes to try and explain or predict what each word means.

We have the words interfere, anti-clockwise and autograph.

Think about their definitions now.

Off you go.

Great job, so interfere means to get involved in something coming between people.

I had to interfere when they began to fight anti-clockwise.

To go against the clockwise direction the opposite.

And autograph a signature written by yourself.

Remember, auto means own or by itself.

Recognising prefixes in words can help us to understand them and also spell them, even though it sounds like reply with an, I know the spelling is reply because it has the prefix re, RE meaning again, to talk again.

I know to spell the word interview.

It's not in interview, although it might sound like it.

I know it's interview, although I might not hear that really stress vowel sound there.

I know it's gonna be inter 'cause it's INTER.

You may recognise the prefix of a word without knowing the meaning of the root word or stem as well.

And we've looked at some of these words already.

For instance, interpret, delete, reflect and subtract.

Have inter, de, re and sub in them with not recognisable stems or root words.

Recognising the prefix will still help you with the spelling and understanding of the meaning of these words.

Select the correct spelling of the word destroy.

Think about which prefix it has, off you go.

Great, whilst it might not have an obvious stem or root word here, we know it's that prefix de, DE, so it's destroy.

It might sound like a, destroy, but it's not.

It's our DE prefix.

I can spot the prefix DE which means to make the opposite or undo.

I know it is spelled DE even though it sounds like de.

Select the correct spelling of the word interrupt.

Off you go.

Great, interrupt.

Well it has that prefix inter in, doesn't it? I can spot the prefix inter INTER, with the stem rupt, which I know from other words like disrupt or abrupt, like an abrupt stop.

A sudden stop.

That's how I know it needs a double R.

For our practise task now we are going to have a go at spelling some words with some prefixes.

A variety of prefixes, so listen carefully to the words.

Remember to sound out the word, think of the root word if there is an obvious one or perhaps the stem.

Think of the spelling rules we've looked at.

Does adding a prefix change to spelling of that root or stem? And read the word and check and see if you're happy with it.

Sometimes looking at the word carefully can help us work out whether we think the spelling is right or not.

Sometimes it just doesn't look right.

So the first word is recycle.

Number two is international.

I took an international flight.

Number three, automatic, the door was automatic.

Number four, antisocial.

Number five, delayed, the bus was delayed.

I'll say them one more time, recycle.

International, automatic, antisocial, delayed.

Pause the video and write those words now.

Look out and listen out for those prefixes.

Great job team, I'm really impressed.

So our first one was recycle.

Now it might sound like re, but we notice our prefix re and that root word cycle, which is CYCLE.

So it's recycle, recycle, to use again.

Make something be able to be used again.

International is our next one.

Now it's gonna have our prefix inter, isn't it and then national, shun, it has that shun and then a Al.

Brilliant, international.

The next one was automatic.

This has our auto AUTO prefix, and then matic.

Now be careful with this one.

It's a short vow I, and a at the end, but it's just a C spelling, not the CK you might expect after a short vowel.

Antisocial was our next one, antisocial.

This is an interesting one, isn't it? Anti is our prefix.

ANTI and then our root word is social.

Now this is a strange spelling.

Social, has SO in it.

So and then cial is that CIA on making that cial.

This is our correct spelling then.

And finally, delayed.

Delayed, it sounds like di, doesn't it? But it's gonna be our prefix D.

So it's DE and then layed, LAYED.

It's got that ED suffix at the end there, brilliant.

How did you do there? Share your learning and make any corrections now.

Onto then our final learning cycle, which is spelling curriculum words.

Let's read the following words.

My turn, your turn.

Opposite, they are the opposite of each other.

Average, I worked out the average score of the class.

What do you notice about these spellings? Saying them again, consider how they sound compared to how they're spelt.

Is there anything tricky about them? Off you go.

Lovely, some great thinking going on there.

So I've noticed a couple of things.

The word opposite has a double P, like the root word oppose.

They are linked in meaning and also spelling.

It sounds like an it at the end, but it's spelled ITE.

So watch out for that naughty E at the end.

It can be hard to hear the unstressed E in the middle of average.

I don't say average, but saying it like that can help you average.

So you really hear that unstressed vowel.

So which of these words that we've just read are spelled correctly? Quickfire round, points for the correct spelling of opposite, go.

Brilliant, remember it links to that word oppose.

It's OPPOSIT and that E at the end as well.

Opposite, point to the correct spelling of average now go.

Great, remember saying it like it's spelled helps, average.

There's the word age in it too.

Watch out for that unstressed vowel in the middle, which can be difficult to hear.

Let's read the following word, lightning.

I heard the thunder and saw the lightning strike, lightning.

This has our NING ending, lightning.

The word has two syllables.

Lightning and it's spelt how it sounds.

This word can be really easily confused with the homophone, the word that sounds the same but is spelt differently.

Lightening or lightening where we had that unstressed E vowel there.

Lightning is the sun discharge, the one we are looking at of electricity during a thunderstorm while lightening with that E vowel there like lightening refers to the act of making something lighter or brighter linked to the verb lighten with that unstressed E vowel.

So watch out for those homophones.

Select the correct spelling of the word.

Look carefully.

Think about because they're homophones, the context they're in and the spelling they use.

Only one works in each sentence.

Read the sentences, off you go.

Great job team, the sky lit up with bright lightning during the storm.

Well this is the one we just looked at.

Lightning not lighten 'cause it's the en that getting lighter or brighter.

It doesn't link to that.

She used a new shampoo to help with the lightening of her hair.

This is talking about the colour of her hair becoming lighter.

So it's that EN, is linked to that verb lighten.

Watch out for that unstressed vowel.

And lightening the load, he removed the heavy books from his pack.

So this is to do with making something lighter.

Not necessarily brighter here but lighter.

Not lighter in colour, but lighter in weight.

So it's again to do with that verb, fantastic.

So because these are curriculum words and there's tricky elements to them, we are going to use the look, cover, write, check strategy.

This is where you look carefully at the word and consider what's difficult.

I've got double P here and it also ends in an E and then cover it up and I have a go at writing it.

Brilliant.

,I then check, oh I spelled it correctly, but I don't stop there just 'cause I got it right once.

I used that strategy a number of times to have a go at writing these words out, to really embed them into my long-term memory.

These my cursive handwriting, my joined up handwriting will also help me here with my muscle memory.

Pause the video now and use the look, cover, write, check strategy for opposite, average and lightning.

Off you go.

Good job team, so hopefully you've got opposite, average lightning written out like this.

Did you manage to spell them correctly? Make sure you check now and share your learning, off you go.

Great job team.

So today we've been looking at some prefixes.

Remember that a prefix is a letter or group of letters at the start of a word which changes its meaning and does not alter the spelling of the root word.

The prefix DE can mean undo and re, spelt RE can mean again, the prefix sub can mean under like submarine or nearly like subtropical.

And super can mean above or larger superhero or supermarket.

The prefix inter can mean between like intercity and anti can mean against like antibiotic and auto means self or own like automatic or autobiography.

See if you can spot any of these prefixes in your reading or writing and keep up the great spelling practise, I'll see you again soon.