Lesson video

Hello, and welcome to the today's spelling lesson, I'm Mr. Moss.

I love spelling, and I can't wait to teach you.

With you today, you need to bring your looking eyes, your listening ears, and your thinking brains, as well as that something to write with and write on and someone or something to talk to would also be really helpful.

Okay then, let's get straight on with today's spelling lesson.

In today's spelling lesson, we are going to be spelling words with the prefixes meaning not.

Here are all of those prefixes.

Our outcome will be, I can spell a range of words using the prefixes, un-, non-, dis-, mis- in-, il-, im-, and ir- as well.

Loads and loads of prefixes mean not, and we're gonna be looking at them in great detail today.

Here are the key words for today's learning.

My turn, your turn.

There's only three, so keep an eye and an ear out for them.

Of course, we'll have a conversation about what they mean.

Prefix.

Root word.

Antonym.

Which may be a new word for you.

"So a prefix," as I'm sure you know, "is a letter "or group of letters added to the start of a root word "to change its meaning." The great thing about working with prefixes is that they don't often change the spelling of the root word.

"A root word is that base word "from which other words are formed, "often by adding prefixes or suffixes." And today, remember, we are adding a variety of prefixes, which mean not, so they're gonna change the meaning of that root word.

And an antonym then "is a word "that has the opposite meaning to another word." By adding the prefixes that we are going to look at today, we'll create antonyms. So here's the outline for today's lesson.

We're spelling words with prefixes meaning not to create antonyms. The prefixes un-, non-, dis- and mis-, we'll look at first.

Then the prefix is in- il- im- and ir-, I-R.

Then we'll finish out by spelling some curriculum words.

Let's get on with looking at these four prefixes, which mean not then.

So remember that "a prefix is a letter "or group of letters to be added to the start," to the beginning, "of a word to change its meaning "and create a new word." Let's look at some prefixes in action.

We have the root word kind.

If I add un before it, it becomes unkind, meaning not kind.

Here we have the root word happy.

If I had the prefix, un again, it creates unhappy, a new word, which is an antonym of happy, the opposite, meaning not happy.

Here we have pre, P-R-E, and the root word view, which creates a preview.

Being able to see something before.

Understanding prefixes can help us to work out the meaning of unfamiliar words.

Hence why we're going to look at them today.

So let's look at some prefixes that mean not; un-, non-, dis- and mis-.

Here we have pre-, the word prefix itself.

Pre- meaning, a prefix meaning before.

Pre itself is actually a prefix.

We get this in the Latin prae, meaning before.

Then we have fix.

We've added the prefix pre- to the root word fix.

We know what we do if we fix something to something else, it's a root word meaning to attach, and we get this from the Latin figere.

So praefigere, prefix means something we attach before.

"A prefix then is a letter or group of letters "added to the start of a word to change its meaning "and create a new word." And we are looking at a number of prefixes today which will create antonyms and that mean not.

So let's read some words.

My turn, your turn.

Unfriendly.

As we read these words, see if you can spot the prefix, but also see if you can spot the root word.

Consider the impact that that prefix is having upon the root word.

Nonsense.

Disappear.

Misbehave.

Inactive.

Like an inactive volcano, not active.

Illogical.

The way you solved that question was illogical, not logical, didn't follow a logical pattern.

Immature.

That is incredibly immature behaviour.

So not mature, not grown up.

And irresponsible.

Something or someone that lacks responsibility is not responsible.

So they all begin with prefixes, and these are all the prefixes that we are gonna be looking at today, and they do something similar to our root words.

We are going to investigate how these prefixes change the meaning of the words and the related spelling patterns to them.

So let's see how these words change when our prefix un- is added.

So here we have the word friendly.

Unusual.

Friendly means kind, unusual, oh sorry, usual means normal.

We're now gonna add that un- prefix to these words to make, my turn, your turn.

unfriendly, unusual.

Hmm, how has this changed the meaning of these words then? Well, where friendly meant kind and usual meant normal, unfriendly means not kind, and unusual means not normal.

The prefix un- means not.

By adding the prefix to the root word, the beginning of the root word here, its antonym has been created, a word that means the opposite.

Remember that key word antonym, a word that means the opposite of the original word.

How will these words change when we add the prefix non- then I wonder? We have sense and fiction.

Sense means sensible or something that has meaning, makes sense.

Fiction is a made up or imaginative story.

When we add the prefix non-, we get nonsense and nonfiction.

What do you think these might mean then? Well, they mean not sensible or not having meaning and not made up or not imaginative: so real.

The prefix non- means not in the same way that un- does.

Un- and non- are both prefixes, meaning not.

See how these words change when we use the prefix dis-.

This is a really interesting one.

We have the root word appear here and the root word honest.

Appear means to be visible, to be seen.

Honest means trustworthy.

I wonder what happened when we add dis- then? We get disappear and dishonest.

Meaning not visible and not trustworthy.

So just like un- and non-, dis- can also mean not.

The prefixed dis- then means not.

Un-, non- and dis- are all prefixes meaning not.

And that can create antonyms, opposites of the root word.

Which prefix will go with each of these words to create its antonym, its opposite? Will it be un-, non-, or dis-? Check what sounds right.

Try putting the prefixes before the word.

For instance, you might say unagree.

Hmm.

Nonagree.

Hmm.

Disagree.

Ah, yes, disagree there is my prefix that I would add before.

Meaning not to agree, to create the antonym of agree, disagree.

So disagree would be my correct word here.

So I'm adding the prefix dis-.

Pleasant.

Pause the video now, select the correct prefix.

Off you go.

Brilliant.

Unpleasant.

Oh, that works, doesn't it? Unpleasant meaning not pleasant, the antonym of pleasant.

Stick.

Brilliant.

Unstick? Hm, could be.

Nonstick, could be.

Disstick, not disstick.

We'll go with non-stick non hyphen stick here.

Notice the hyphen here too, like a non-stick pan.

The opposite of something that's sticky.

Things won't stick to it.

See how these words change when we use the final prefix we're gonna look at in this learning cycle, mis-, M-I-S.

Behave is our root word.

Calculate is also one of our root words.

If you behave, you act properly.

If you calculate, you work out the answer mathematically.

If you misbehave or you miscalculate, just with one s here, you act wrongly or you work out the wrong answer mathematically.

So our prefix mis- means wrongly.

Can you match the definition of the word? We have misread or misread, disrespect and uncooked, and three definitions on the other side.

Match those definitions to the words now.

Consider what the prefixes mean and the root words.

Off you go.

Brilliant job team.

So a, to show a lack of respect.

That is disrespect, the antonym of respect.

Not cooked or heated.

That is uncooked.

The antonym of cooked, the opposite.

And to read something incorrectly, to read wrongly.

That is misread, just with one s.

What happens to these words when we add the prefix mis- then? Place.

Becomes misplace.

To put something in the wrong place and not be able to find it.

Spell becomes misspell.

To spell wrongly.

Check out this word.

The double s here is here because the root word starts with an s.

Usually when we add s and the word begins with a consonant that's not an s we have just one s when we add that mis- prefix.

So for our practise task now what I'd like you to do for me is put the root words into the correct column and show what will happen when we add the prefix, meaning not or wrongly.

So, un-, non-, and dis- all mean not and can create antonyms and mis- means wrongly.

Try saying the words as well.

Listen to whether they sound right or not.

Unsense, for instance, would not make sense, but nonsense does make sense.

So I put sense in that non- column, and have a go at adding the prefix.

Remember with our prefixes, the spelling of the root word will not change.

Pause the video now and complete this task.

Off you go.

Fantastic job team.

Let's see how you've done.

I'm hoping that you remembered to check what sounds right and to use the spelling of the root word to help as well.

So let's see how you've done then.

Friendly, unusual, became unfriendly and unusual, those antonyms. Sense and fiction became nonsense and nonfiction.

Nonfiction doesn't need that hyphen.

And appear and dishonest became disappear and dishonest.

And misbehave and miscalculate, behave and calculate, become to wrongly behave and to wrongly calculate with our prefix mis-.

Onto our next learning cycle then, which is the prefix is in-, I-N; il-, I-L; im-, I-M; and ir-, I-R.

See how these words change when we use the prefix in-.

We have active, and appropriate.

Visible.

If you're active it means something that's alive or lively.

If something's appropriate, it is suitable for a particular situation.

And if something's visible, it is able to be seen.

Look what happens when we add our prefix in-.

We get inactive, inappropriate, and invisible.

Meaning inactive meaning not lively.

Inappropriate meaning not suitable.

Invisible meaning not able to be seen.

So our prefix in- means not, and it creates the antonym of those root words, the opposites.

The prefix in- though can also mean in or into.

It can have dual meanings.

For instance, inhale is to breathe (inhales) in.

Or inject is to force fluid into something.

You might have an injection if you go to the doctors.

What does the prefix in- mean? It has two meanings, two possible meanings.

Pause the video now and select them.

Off you go.

Brilliant.

Did it mean before? No, it wasn't pre-.

Did it mean not? Yes.

Like invisible, meaning not able to be seen.

Did it mean in or into? Yes.

Like the word inject to force fluid into.

And did it mean upside down? No, it did not.

There are some variations of the prefix in-, and these include il-, im-, ir-, and they all mean not.

Logical for instance.

Regular.

Mature.

Polite.

These are all our root words.

Logical means something that's sensible.

Regular means something that's routine or normal.

Mature means grown-up.

And polite means to be respectful.

If I add il- before logical, it creates illogical.

If I add I-R before regular, it creates irregular.

Notice the double l and the double r there.

If I add im- before mature, it creates immature.

Notice the double m.

And if I add im- before my p, impolite, I create impolite.

And this creates antonyms. Not sensible.

Irregular meaning not routine or normal.

Immature meaning not grown up.

And impolite meaning not respectful or polite.

Do you notice anything about the spelling of these words? Well, I've noticed that with il-, ir-, and im- we've added them before the root words beginning in, l , r or m.

So we have a double l, a double r, and a double m.

"The prefix il- is found before the root word "starting with l." "The prefix ir- is found before the root word "starting with r." "The prefix im- is found before the root word "starting with m or with p." So we end up with double l, double r, or double m, or i, m, p.

Illogical.

Irregular.

Root word beginning with r.

Immature, root word beginning with m.

Impolite, root word beginning with p.

This helps me to remember when I need a double l, a double r, or a double m in those spellings.

Which prefix will go with each of these words to create the antonym, the opposite? We'll use a, ir; b, im-, or c, il-? Think carefully about the spelling of the root word and the rules that we've just looked at.

"Think of the spelling rule! "The first letter of the root word can help you to decide." Legal.

What will it become? Pause the video now.

Great.

It will of course be illegal because the root word begins in that l.

It wouldn't be irlegal or imlegal, illegal.

Possible.

Which one will it be? Off you go.

Great.

Absolutely, because it means we have a p, it's not going to be ilpossible or irpossible, impossible is my new word.

Hm.

And rational, meaning to make sense.

Pause the video now.

Which prefix will I add? Great.

Of course, because it begins with an r I add my ir- to create irrational, the antonym of rational, meaning not making sense or not sensible.

What happens to these words when we add a prefix meaning not then? Secure.

"Check what sounds right when choosing the right prefix." Becomes insecure.

I wouldn't say ilsecure, imsecure or irsecure, insecure sounds right.

Legible will become illegible.

Yep, that's right, because it begins with an l.

Responsible will become? You got it.

Irresponsible.

Because our root word begins with that r.

Here we have a double r because the root word starts with an r, the same with legible having a double l because our root word begins with an l.

So for our practise task now we are going to have a go at spelling words with a prefix meaning not.

Now, this could be a variety of prefixes, remember: in-, il-, im-, or ir-.

So listen carefully.

Also listen out for the root word.

Remember to sound it out.

Think of the root word and the spelling of that root word.

Think of the spelling rules we've looked at.

Think about the spelling of the root word carefully because that will help inform you as to which prefix to add.

And read the word and check and see if you're happy with the spelling.

So the first word is illegal.

He performed an illegal manoeuvre.

Illegal.

Number two: impolite, meaning to be not polite.

Number three: immature.

His behaviour was immature.

Number four: irresponsible, meaning not responsible.

Number five: invisible.

She became invisible.

I'll read those words one more time.

Illegal, impolite, immature, irresponsible, invisible.

Off you go team.

Excellent job.

Really, really great application of our rules there.

And really careful spelling when adding those prefixes on.

So the first word was illegal.

Well, my root word here is legal, L-E-G-A-L.

Be careful it's that A-L spelling.

Because my root word begins with l I'm gonna add my il- suffix.

So illegal.

Something that is not legal, not within the confines of the law.

Impolite.

Okay, polite is our root word here: P-O-L-I-T-E.

Because it begins with a p, we're gonna use our im-, I-M.

Great.

Immature.

Now mature is our root word here, isn't it? Mature, because it begins with an m we're going to also use our m, so we're gonna end up with a double m: I-M-M-A-T-U-R-E, immature.

Be careful with that T-U-R-E making that ture as well.

Irresponsible.

Our root word here is responsible, which has that L-E for that l at the end.

Responsible begins with an r, so I'm gonna use my ir- prefix: irresponsible.

So I end up with a double r.

I'm finally: invisible.

My root word is visible.

Be careful, it sounds like a z, z, but it's an s.

And it's that L-E for that uhl at the end as well.

Visible is our root word.

Let's try saying it.

Invisible.

Oh, that makes sense.

Ilvisible.

No.

Imvisible.

No.

Irvisible.

No.

It's invisible: in- visible.

Great.

Make any corrections now and share your learning.

Off you go.

Onto our final learning cycle then, which is spelling curriculum words.

Let's read the following words.

My turn, your turn.

Immediate.

Immediately.

If something is immediate, it happens straight away.

We can see here that the words are linked in meaning and spelling.

Immediate and immediately.

So I've noticed something in particular here with both.

"The word immediate has the prefix im- as does immediately.

"However, the etymology of the word is more complex "and it isn't so clear how the prefix means not.

"However, it does help us to remember the double m "by using our spelling rule.

"The adverb immediately has the suffix, -ly, "added to the end of the word immediate "without changing the spelling." So which of these words that we've just read are spelled correctly? Point to the correct spelling of immediate.

Brilliant.

It has our prefix im- doesn't it? Although it's not very clear what the etymology of the word is.

We know it's going to be a double m, imm-e-diate, and it's I-A-T-E at the end.

This is our correct spelling.

Now, if we know how to spell that word, we know how to spell immediately 'cause we're just adding a suffix.

Point to the correct spelling now.

Brilliant.

We're just adding our -ly suffix.

Excellent.

So let's read some more curriculum words.

My turn, your turn.

Disappear.

Ooh, with our prefix dis-.

What do you notice about this spelling? Is there anything unique about it? Anything you think might be quite tricky? Pause the video and have a think.

Brilliant.

Well, I've noticed that it just has the s here, a single s and a double p.

If you recognise that it has that prefix dis-, it can help you to remember that it's our prefix dis- and then the word appear, and appear has a double p and it's just one s.

So select the correct spelling of disappear now.

Off you go.

Brilliant.

Remember, it's one s and two p's, dis- and then our root word appear, A-P-P-E-A-R.

There's an ear in appear as well.

Brilliant.

So because these are curriculum words and they're going to appear with such great regularity in our reading and writing, it's important that we're comfortable spelling them.

So we're gonna use the look, cover, write, check strategy now.

Really useful strategy for practising trickier words.

This works by looking carefully at the spelling and considering what's difficult about it.

I have here the word immediate, M-M-E-D-I-A-T, and then E at the end, immediate.

I then cover it up and write it out in my neatest handwriting, ideally joining my words up to make really get links in my hand and my brain, my muscle memory.

I then check back.

I spelled it correctly.

Great! But I don't stop there, I use that strategy of looking, covering up, writing out a number of times until I'm really confident with spelling it.

I'd like you to use this strategy now to practise immediate, immediately and disappear.

Off your go team.

Excellent job.

How did you do? Share your learning.

Make any corrections now.

Off you go.

I find this to be a really brilliant independent strategy as you get to look carefully at the word and self check.

Great job in spelling today team.

We've been looking at some prefixes today meaning not.

"A prefix is a letter or grief of letters "at the start of word," remember, "which changes meaning "and does not alter the spelling of the root word." Really importantly.

"There are many prefixes "that can mean not, which include "un-, dis-, in-, il- im- and ir-.

"The prefix in- can also mean in or into like inject.

"And the prefix mis-, M-I-S, usually means wrongly," like misbehave, to wrongly behave.

See if you can spot some of these prefixes in your reading.

Keep up the great spelling practise as well, and I'll see you again soon.