Hello everyone and welcome to our lesson.

Today we're going to be planning the section about Harriet Tubman's activism, and we're gonna be using a lot of the research we've done previously in this unit to help us.

Today you're going to use your research and understanding of Harriet Tubman's activism to plan a section of a biography.

Here are some of the key words we'll be using, specific information, subject specific vocabulary, activism.

Well done.

Specific information is clear, exact and particular information.

Subject specific vocabulary is words and phrases associated with a topic.

Activism is working or campaigning for political or social change.

Today we're going to be planning the section about Harriet Tubman's activism.

We're going to begin by learning about the purpose and structure of the activism section.

Then we're going to move on to planning the activism section.

Let's just recap the structure of biographical writing.

We have a title, introduction, main sections, and a conclusion.

The introduction is the first paragraph that encourages the reader to read on.

The sections contain paragraphs of information related to a particular aspect of the person's life.

The conclusion is the last paragraph that summarises the key information of the text.

We've already written our introduction and our early life section.

Now we're going to move on to section two, which is all about Harriet Tubman's activism.

Today, we are going to be planning this section.

The purpose is the aim of the text.

And the purpose of the activism section is to do all of these things.

So we want to engage our reader, and then give the reader specific information about Harriet Tubman's activism.

So just like in our early life section, we are going to keep the information in the activism section very specific and detailed to this aspect of her life.

The paragraph in this section, gives the reader specific information about Harriet Tubman's activism.

The paragraph follows a clear structure.

So we have our subheading, an introductory sentence, followed by specific information, and finally, a linking sentence.

Now the introductory sentence introduces what the paragraph is about, the specific information sentences give the reader detailed information about this aspect of the person's life.

And finally, the linking sentence links on to the next paragraph or section.

Match each part of the activism section paragraph to its function.

And pause the video while you do that.

Well done if you spotted that the introductory sentence introduces the reader to what the paragraph will be about.

Specific information gives the reader detailed information about an aspect of the person's life.

And the linking sentence links onto the next section.

Now it's time for your task.

Read the first paragraph of the model activism section and identify the following parts.

So your introductory sentence, the specific information, and the linking sentence.

Let's begin by reading it together.

Activism.

As a young adult, Harriet endured several experiences that ignited her determination for freedom and future activism.

In 1844, Tubman learned that her two brothers, Ben and Henry, were due to be sold to another owner.

As a result, the three siblings decided to flee.

However, the two brothers later decided to return to the plantation, leaving Harriet to continue alone.

With the help of the Underground Railroad, a secret network of people offering aid and shelter to fugitive slaves, she escaped North to Pennsylvania, and experienced freedom for the first time in her life.

This pivotal moment had a significant impact on the rest of her life, and those of many others.

Pause the video now while you complete your task.

Great work everyone.

So the introductory sentence, remember that's the first paragraph that introduces what the paragraph is about.

As a young adult, Harriet endured several experiences that ignited her determination for freedom and future activism.

We can see in this example, Harriet's activism is explicitly referred to.

So this really does its job of telling the reader what this section is all about.

Specific information are these sentences here.

So in 1844, Tubman learned that her two brothers, Ben and Henry, were due to be sold to another slave owner.

As a result, the three siblings decided to flee.

However, the two brothers later decided to return to the plantation, leaving Harriet to continue alone.

With the help of the Underground Railroad, a secret network of people offering aid and shelter to fugitive slaves, she escaped North to Pennsylvania and experienced freedom for the first time in her life.

So these sentences give much more detail and specifics around how she actually escaped and the Underground Railroad.

And finally, our linking sentence.

This pivotal moment had a significant impact on the rest of her life and those of many others.

Great work everyone.

Now we're going to move on to the second part of our lesson, where now we're going to plan the activism section.

Let's just begin by reminding ourselves of what we've learned about Harriet Tubman's activism.

Because remember, it's really important that we have a clear understanding of her activism so that we can write accurately and confidently about this aspect of her life.

So we want to know what motivated her to flee the plantation, how she escaped, her work on the Underground Railroad, her work during the civil war.

In 1840, Harriet's father was set free from enslavement.

Harriet's mother, Harriet, and her siblings should also have been set free as this had been in their owners' last will when they died.

However, their new slave owner refused to honour this and kept them in enslavement.

In 1844, Harriet learned that her two brothers, Ben and Henry, were due to be sold to another slave owner.

So this was the point where they decided that it was time to flee.

This motivated Harriet and her brothers to make a plan to escape.

In 1849, Harriet, Ben and Henry escaped the plantation, but the two brothers changed their minds and went back.

We talked about this in a previous lesson where this really shows just how dangerous it was for a fugitive enslaved person to run away.

Because if they were caught, the consequences and the repercussions of them running away were really severe, not just for them, but anyone who had helped them.

Harriet, however, continued alone and with the help of the Underground Railroad, she escaped north to freedom because the Northern States in the US at this time were the free states.

They were the states where slavery was not legal.

The Underground Railroad was a secret network of African American and white people offering shelter and help to fugitive enslaved people.

So fugitive enslaved people were those people who were running away from enslavement, who were fleeing from the southern states.

Conductors were people who helped guide fugitive slaves across different hiding places or stations.

These stations included private homes, churches, and schoolhouses.

The people operating these hiding places or stations were called station masters.

So remember, it's really important we understand that the Underground Railroad was not a literal underground railroad.

This is a metaphor.

So there was no actually trains or tracks or undergrounds or anything like that.

What it was was a network of people who were working together to offer help and aid to run away slaves so that they could escape to the Northern States and be free from slavery.

Fugitive Slave Acts were laws used to allow governments to capture fugitives and slave people and send them back to their owners, as well as punish anyone who had helped them.

So again, this just shows how dangerous it was not just to be an enslaved person running away, but to be anyone who helped them as well.

Slavery was legal in the USA Southern States, but Northern States wanted to block the spread of slavery, and this is why fugitive slaves fled to the Northern States and Canada to avoid being captured and extradited or sent back to their owners.

Now, there's a lot of subject specific vocabulary here.

So take a moment now to match the terms to their definitions to make sure you really understand them all.

Pause the video while you do that.

Well done if you spotted that an Underground Railroad is a secret network of people offering shelter and help to fugitive slaves.

Conductors helped guide fugitive slaves across different hiding places.

Stations were hiding places including private homes, schoolhouses and churches.

Station masters were people operating these hiding places and Fugitive Slave Acts were laws that allowed governments to capture fugitive slaves and extradite them to their owners.

Harriet travelled north to Pennsylvania, a state with no slavery, with the help of the Underground Railroad.

Less than a year after reaching freedom, Harriet returned to the plantation as a conductor herself, and she led her own family to freedom.

Over the following years, she helped many others escape to the Northern States.

Eventually, tensions between the Northern and the Southern States escalated.

That means they got much worse.

And this led to civil war.

So a civil war is a war between the citizens of the same country.

During this time, Harriet worked with the Northern free States, so they were called the free States because there was no slavery in those states.

And she fought to abolish slavery.

That means to get rid of slavery alongside Abraham Lincoln's Union army.

She worked lots and lots of different roles, but some of those roles included being a nurse, a scout, which meant she recruited people to come and help with working with Abraham Lincoln's union Army, a cook and a spy gathering intelligence.

She was the first African-American woman to serve in the US military.

So she really made history at this time.

After Lincoln's Union Army won the civil war, slavery was abolished in 1865.

This meant that all through the United States, now in the Northern States and in the Southern States, slavery was no longer legal.

That meant that enslaved people got their freedom.

Select the jobs that Harriet did when supporting the Northern States during the civil war as part of Abraham Lincoln's Union army.

Pause the video while you do that.

Well done everyone if you spotted that she worked as a nurse, a spy, and a cook.

She also worked as a scout where she recruited other people to work for a Abraham Lincoln's army, but she never worked as a teacher.

Now, when we think about which parts of a Harriet Tubman's life we are going to be using here to inform our planning of the activism section, we are primarily looking at this section here.

So we're starting around 1849, which is when she ran away from the plantation.

We then want to include how she ran away, how she managed to flee successfully North to Pennsylvania.

We also want to include some information around when she began working for the Underground Railroad, and of course, we need to explain to our reader what the Underground Railroad was.

So in this section of our biography, we're gonna be using a lot of that relevant subject specific vocabulary.

So I'd be expecting to see words like conductor, Underground Railroad, station, station masters.

Then we want to tell our reader about how she returned working as a conductor for the Underground Railroad, and she helped her family escape slavery as well as lots and lots of other people as well.

And finally, how that activism led to her helping the Northern troops with Abraham Lincoln's army in the civil war.

So this key section of her life is going to form the basis of our activism section.

Now we're going to start planning our activism section.

When we plan, we use notes.

Notes are concise and they capture subject specific vocabulary and information.

The purpose of notes is to help the writer to organise information easily for future use when we come to writing.

We use bullet points when we take notes, and they look like this.

Now let's take a moment to look through the planning format that we are going to use for our activism section.

We split it into different parts.

So firstly, we want to tell our reader why Harriet fled enslavement.

So what was the trigger point that made her decide to run away, and how did she do it? So this is where we'd be wanting to mention the Underground Railroads help here.

Then the next part is her working for the Underground Railroad and then returning herself as a conductor to help her family and other people escape enslave enslavement.

And then finally, we need to talk about the later stages of Harriet Tubman's activism, where she worked for the Northern states in the civil war, and what that work looked like, and what roles and responsibilities she had.

So, we are actually going to split our activism section into two paragraphs.

Because there's a lot of information to include here.

And if we did it as one big massive body of writing, that'd be quite overwhelming for our reader.

And remember, when we think about the layout of a biography, paragraphs can help us to group relevant facts and information together to help us achieve the text purpose of informing the reader more easily.

So paragraph one, is going to be all about why she fled enslavement and how she did it.

So here's where we're going to explain what the Underground Railroad was and how it helped her.

Then, paragraph two, is going to be all about her work in the Underground Railroad, and her work in working as a conductor to help people escape enslavement, and then her work later on in the civil war to support the Northern troops with Abraham Lincoln's Union Army.

Now that we have recapped Harriet Tubman's activism, and really worked out what we want to include in this section, you're going to complete your task.

You're going to use your knowledge of Harriet Tubman's activism to record notes and relevant subject specific vocabulary in your plan.

Pause the video while you do that.

Brilliant work everyone.

So here is my class plan.

Remember, it's not going to look the exact same as yours, but hopefully we'll have included some similar ideas.

So in my first section, I've referred to the fact that she learned that her brothers were going to be sold and she escaped to Pennsylvania with the help of the Underground Railroad.

And then I've defined the Underground Railroad as a secret network supporting fugitive slaves.

Remember, I'm not going into loads and loads of detail in my plan 'cause this is where I just keep my most concise notes.

Then in my second part of my plan, I've used the word conductor.

So she worked as a conductor for the Underground Railroad, she returned to the plantation to rescue her family and rescued many others.

And also, I think an interesting fact here is that she never lost a passenger.

That means that when she went and rescued people, they were always successful.

And finally, in my final section of working with the Northern States in the civil war, I've mentioned that she worked with the Northern free States and Abraham Lincoln's Union Army to abolish slavery.

She worked as a nurse, a scout, and a spy, and she was the first African American woman to serve in the US military.

Take a moment now to reread through your plan and make sure you've included everything you want to, and you can always add in extra information now.

Well done everyone.

Great work everyone.

That now brings us on to the end of our lesson where today we've been planning the section about Harriet Tubman's activism.

The purpose of the main section of a biography is to give the reader specific information about an aspect of the person's life.

Information in a biography should be factual, and given in chronological order.

When planning, writers should record their ideas in note form and include concise information and subject specific vocabulary.

Well done everyone for using all of that dense knowledge and research from throughout our unit to help us plan this section of our biography.