Lesson video

Hi everyone and welcome to our lesson today.

We've been doing such brilliant work throughout our "How To Train Your Dragon" Unit and I'm really looking forward to seeing how we progress with planning the next section of our diary entry.

Today we are going to plan part two of the main body of a diary entry based on "How To Train Your Dragon".

Here are some key words we're going to use.

Text cohesion.

Adverbial complex sentence.

Adverbial clause.

Text cohesion refers to how a text flows to maintain the interest of the reader.

An adverbial complex sentence is a sentence formed of a main clause and an adverbial subordinate clause.

An adverbial clause is a type of subordinate clause that starts with a subordinating conjunction.

Today we're going to be planning part two of the main body of a diary entry.

We're going to begin by learning about the linguistic features and then we're going to move on to planning part two.

This diary entry can be structured like this.

We can start with an opening.

Then main body part one and main body part two are two main paragraphs that describe dragon training.

And finally, we have our closing.

We've already written our opening and we've written main body part one.

Today we are going to be planning the second part of the main body.

The purpose of the main body is to recount the day's events and describe the characters' thoughts and feelings.

We keep the information in the main body paragraphs specific so that particular details of the day's events can be recorded.

We can use this visual to help us.

We keep the information in this section specific and detailed.

Key linguistic features of a diary entry include all of these.

Tell, show-not-tell, contractions, fronted adverbials of time, past tense.

The purpose of these linguistic features is to create an informal tone and help the writer recount the day's events in chronological order.

We can also use a range of sentence types to enhance text cohesion.

Remember, text cohesion refers to how a text flows.

It also helps keep the reader engaged and interested because we want that variation from sentence to sentence.

What sentence types do you already know? Take a moment to have a little think.

Well done if you've remembered that we can have a simple, a compound, or complex sentence.

A simple sentence is formed of one main clause.

A main clause is a group of words that contains a verb and makes complete sense on its own.

Here's an example of a main clause.

Let's read it together.

The Gronckle erupted from its cage.

This is a group of words that contains a verb.

The verb here is erupted and it makes complete sense on its own.

It's been punctuated with a capital letter and a full stop.

Which of these clauses are main clauses that could be a complete sentence on their own.

Pause the video while you decide.

Well done if you spotted that A, the seconds felt like hours could be a main clause as long as we punctuate it with a capital letter and a full stop.

Which roared menacingly is not a main clause because it doesn't make sense on its own.

I desperately ran for cover is a main clause, we just need to punctuate it properly.

As the dragon cornered me is not a main clause because it does not make sense on its own.

A compound sentence is formed of two main clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction.

Coordinating conjunctions can be and, but, or or.

Here's a little visual to support us.

So we have one main clause and a second main clause and in the middle they're joined or linked together using and, but, or or.

Here's an example of a compound sentence.

Let's read it together.

The dragon erupted from its cage and it swooped around the arena.

Here we've got our two main clauses.

The dragon erupted from its cage.

It swooped around the arena.

Those two main clauses are joined by the word and.

I know that they're main clauses because they've got the verbs erupted and swooped and the word and links them both together as the coordinating conjunction.

Which is the best coordinating conjunction to place in each gap in these compound sentences.

Where do commas need to be placed? Pause the video while you decide.

I tried to look calm, but inside I was petrified.

Gobber unlocked the heavy door and he set the dragons free.

I had to keep quiet and still, or the dragons would've grabbed me.

Well done if you spotted that but and or both need commas but and does not need a comma.

Great work everyone.

A complex sentence is a sentence formed of a main clause and any type of subordinate clause.

A main clause contains a verb and makes sense on its own, whereas a subordinate clause contains a verb, but it does not make sense on its own.

Here's an example of a complex sentence.

Let's read it together.

My heart raced as Gobber unlocked the cage.

My heart raced is an example of a main clause.

It's got raced as the verb, the doing word.

As Gobber unlocked the cage is an example of an adverbial subordinate clause.

It also has a verb in it, which is the word unlocked, but it does not make complete sense if you were to have it as a standalone sentence.

An adverbial clause starts with a subordinating conjunction.

In this example, our subordinating conjunction is as, but there are lots of others.

As, when, after, before, because.

All of these are examples of subordinating conjunctions that can be used at the start of an adverbial subordinate clause.

A sentence that contains an adverbial clause connected to a main clause is called an adverbial complex sentence.

Let's read this example together.

I grabbed a shield as the dragon swooped overhead.

In this example, the main clause comes first followed by the subordinate clause.

As the dragon swooped overhead, I grabbed a shield.

Here we've started sentence with the subordinate clause and the main clause comes afterwards.

It's really important to remember that when the subordinate clause comes first, we use a comma to separate it from the main clause.

The adverbial clause can come before or after the main clause.

It can start with any subordinating conjunction.

As, when, after, before, and because are all examples of subordinating conjunctions.

True or false, the following sentence is an adverbial complex sentence.

Let's read it together.

After flying a few laps around the arena, the dragons turned on us.

Pause the video while you decide whether this is an adverbial complex sentence.

Well done.

This is an adverbial complex sentence.

Now choose how to justify your answer and pause the video while you do that.

Well done, if you spotted that it contains an adverbial clause starting with a subordinating conjunction that is connected to a main clause.

The subordinating conjunction here is after.

Now it's time for your task.

Circle the adverbial clause in each of the following adverbial complex sentences.

Let's read them through together.

My stomach churned when the Gronckle set its sights on me.

As the horrifying beast approached me, I tried to hide.

Before I knew what was happening, Gobber stepped in and saved me.

My dad will be so disappointed after he hears about this.

Pause the video now while you complete your task.

Well done everyone.

When the Gronckle set its sights on me is the first adverbial clause and it begins with the subordinating conjunction when.

And number two, as the horrifying beast approached me, is it the example of the adverbial subordinate clause? It begins with subordinating conjunction as.

Number three is before I knew what was happening and the subordinating conjunction is before.

And finally in number four, the adverbial clause is after he hears about this and the subordinating conjunction is after.

Great work everyone.

Well done everyone.

We've made such a brilliant start to our lesson.

Now we're going to move on to planning part two of the main body of our diary entry.

When we plan, we use notes.

Notes are concise and they capture the most important information.

For a diary entry, this is the key events in chronological order and thoughts and feelings.

The purpose of notes is to help the writer summarise and organise key information for future use.

We do not write in full sentences because the notes in our plans can be built on when we come to writing.

We use bullet points when note-taking and they look like this.

What will a written plan for your diary entry include? Pause the video while you decide.

Well done if you spotted that we should have bullet points for notes and we should record key events as well as thoughts and feelings.

Let's remind ourselves of what happened at dragon training in chronological order and think about how Hiccup felt at each point.

So Gobber, the Dragon training teacher, welcomed the students to the arena.

Hiccup felt stressed and apprehensive at this point.

The other students teased Hiccup for not helping defend Berk during the last dragon attack.

He felt humiliated, resentful and angry at them.

Finally, Gobber explained which types of dragons would be behind the enclosure doors.

As he did that Hiccup felt panicked and fearful.

These events formed the basis of part one of the main body, which we've already written.

Now let's think about what happened in part two because this is what we're going to be planning today.

Gobber released the Gronckle.

It flew around the arena and the students tried to defend themselves with shields.

At this point, Hiccup felt panicked and horrified.

Then the Gronckle cornered Hiccup and he was about to attack him.

Hiccup felt petrified when this happened.

Finally, Gobber saved Hiccup, but told him off.

The other students laughed at Hiccup.

Hiccup felt humiliated, resentful, and angry.

This formed the basis of paragraph two.

This is what we're going to be planning today.

Which of the following thoughts would convey Hiccup's emotions when writing about being cornered by the Gronckle? Pause the video while you decide.

Well done if you spotted that my mind froze and terror coursed through my veins would be an appropriate sentence to describe how Hiccup felt at this point.

Here's the planning format that we are going to use today.

Remember, we are writing as Hiccup from the first person perspective.

That mains that when we are writing in our plans, we are using words such as I, me, we, and us.

Our plan has three parts.

So what happened, a description of the action and thoughts, feelings, and questions for each stage or key event.

The key events are that Gobber released the Gronckle into the arena.

The Gronckle cornered me.

Gobber saved me.

Remember me means Hiccup.

Now it is time for your task.

Write bullet point notes for the second part of the main body, which is all about dragon training.

Remember to include lots of references to thoughts and feelings.

You can use tell or show-not-tell, or rhetorical questions to also show your thinking.

You can also include some contracted words to create that informal tone.

Remember, contracted words are two words that have been pushed together to form one new word using an apostrophe.

Pause the video while you complete your task.

Brilliant work, everyone.

Here is my plan.

It's going to have some ideas that might be similar or different to yours.

If you see any ideas on my plan that you would like to magpie and add to your plan, you can do that as we go along.

So in my first section, when Gobber released the Gronckle into the arena, I have used a fronted adverbial of time.

At that moment, he released a raging, demonic beast.

I've used that expanded noun phrase to describe the dragon.

The monster swooped and swirled around the arena.

Time seemed to stand still.

So I'm stretching this moment out to create that tension and atmosphere for the reader.

I watched in horror, it circled above my head.

Then the Gronckle cornered me.

It furiously narrowed its eyes at me.

It locked its gaze on me.

It cornered me.

I want to describe the Gronckle's breath as pungent and describe its razor-sharp fangs as it bared its teeth at me.

I tried to run, but I was frozen like a statue.

Got a simile there.

I thought I was going to die.

Then, Gobber saved me at that moment or out of nowhere.

Either of those are examples of fronted variables of time that I could use when I come to write.

Gobber captured the monster.

So I've referred to the dragon as a beast and a monster here.

Relief washed over me, but it was quickly replaced with shame and humiliation.

I'll never live this down.

What will dad say? If you would like to magpie any of my ideas and add them to your plan, you can do that now.

But remember, it's great to have variation in our planning so that when we come to write, we've got lots of different ideas to share.

Well done everyone.

That brings us on to the end of our lesson where today we've been planning part two of the main body of a diary entry.

Diary entries have a range of linguistic features that enable them to achieve their purpose.

Using a range of sentence types, enhances text cohesion.

An adverbial complex sentence contains a main clause and an adverbial clause.

When we plan, we write in note form and these notes can be built upon when it comes to writing.

I've been so impressed with the level of planning that we've produced in our lesson today, and I'm really looking forward to seeing how we use that in our writing in our next lesson.

Well done everyone, and I'll see you again soon.