Hello, everybody.

How you doing? I hope you're feeling good today.

My name's Ms. Afzal, and we're going to be exploring a little more about the adaptation of "Oliver Twist," written by Charles Dickens, and it's been adapted by Geraldine McCaughrean.

So you will need your copy of the text.

I'm gonna pause here while you go off and get your copy.

All right, you're back.

You've got your copy of the text in hand.

What else do you have? Some enthusiasm, some ideas, some willingness to share, discuss, be part of this lesson.

Let's get started.

The outcome for today's lesson is I can compare and contrast characterization within a chapter.

We've got a few keywords in today's lesson.

Let's go through them.

My turn, your turn.

Characterization, compare, contrast.

Fantastic.

Great to hear those.

Let's find out more about these words.

Characterization is the way an author and illustrator describes and develops the personalities and traits of the characters in a story.

Comparing involves identifying similarities between two or more things, ideas, themes, or texts.

Contrasting involves identifying differences between two or more things, ideas, themes, or texts.

Let's make sure we look out for these words.

Let's listen for them.

Let's think about them.

Let's be curious about these words.

In our lesson today, "Exploring characterization in 'Oliver Twist,'" we'll be going into two things.

First of all, reading chapter four, and next, exploring characterization.

So let's begin with reading chapter four.

Here's our text, "Oliver Twist," which has been adapted by Geraldine McCaughrean and illustrated by Jeff Anderson.

Have a look at that cover.

Oh, what do you detect in Oliver's eyes? How is he feeling in this moment? Oh, it's really quite an evocative illustration.

So what do we know so far? Oliver is an orphan, and he's been sent to work in a workhouse.

Having offended the workhouse staff in chapters two and three, Oliver is offered to work.

He ends up working for Mr. Sowerberry, an undertaker.

Oliver clashes with an older boy who ridicules him and his mother.

He's punished and decides to run away to London.

On the streets, he meets Jack Dawkins, a boy who has the nickname the Artful Dodger.

So what is characterization? Well, remember, this is one of our keywords.

Characterization is the way an author and illustrator describe and develop the personalities and traits of the characters in a story.

Authors and illustrators use a range of methods to convey characterization, including a character's appearance, a character's words, a character's actions, and how a character is depicted.

There are so many ways in which characterization can be conveyed, can be communicated to the reader.

Check for understanding.

True or false? Characterization can only be conveyed through a character's dialogue with other characters within a text.

Pause the video while you decide if this is true or false.

Well done if you selected false.

And now I'd like you to justify your answer.

Choose one of these statements to justify your answer.

Characterization can be conveyed through a character's actions, thoughts, dialogue, and interactions with others, or characterization can only be conveyed through what is written by an author.

So pause the video while you decide which of these is an accurate justification for your answer.

Well done if you selected A.

Absolutely, characterization can be conveyed in so many ways, through dialogue, thoughts, actions, and interactions with others.

Well done for selecting this answer.

In chapter four, the Artful Dodger leads Oliver through the streets of Victorian London to the slums. The slums in Victorian London were overcrowded, impoverished areas with poor living conditions.

I'd like you now to read chapter four, pages 22 to 25, up to the word "eyelids." After that, I'd like you to answer this question, why do you think Fagin and his gang live in the slums? So pause the video now while you read this part of chapter four, and answer the question and share your answer with someone nearby.

Pause the video here.

Okay, so you've read up to page 25.

You've talked about your answer to this question.

What did you come up with? I wonder.

Maybe something like Izzy? "Fagin and the boys are stealing from those more fortunate.

They might be using the slums as a hideout where they won't be found." Hmm, yeah, good thinking, Izzy.

Wonder if the rest of you had something like that.

We're introduced to one of the central characters, Fagin, on page 22.

Which similes did Geraldine McCaughrean use to describe him? A simile is an example of figurative language that compares two things using "like" or "as." So pause the video now while you refer back to the description of Fagin and decide which simile the author uses to describe him.

"Fagin is hunched over a cooking pot.

He's described as similar to a 'witch,' his red hair like fire above his collar." "Fagin has a 'hooked' nose as large as a vulture." So you can see, we've got the "as" in there, giving us our simile.

Well done if you identified these examples of figurative language.

Check for understanding.

Oliver is impressed by what the young boys have "made." Which of the following items are mentioned in the text? Paper flowers, handkerchiefs, shoeshine kits, wallets.

Pause the video while you decide which of these items are mentioned in the text.

Well done if you selected handkerchiefs and wallets.

Yeah, absolutely.

These are the things that the young boys have "made," shall we say.

And inverted commas are used in the text to demonstrate irony.

The boys have not made these things themselves; rather, they've stolen them, and Oliver does not at this point realise this.

Fagin plays a game with the boys where they try to take things from him without being spotted.

Refer to page 24.

Why do you think the boys were rewarded for doing this? So pause the video while you refer to page 24, and reflect on your answer to this question and share with someone nearby.

Okay, so why do you think the boys were rewarded for doing this, for taking things off Fagin without being spotted? Let's see what Jun thinks, "I think Fagin is getting the boys to practise stealing.

Perhaps he's hoping to send them out on the streets to pickpocket rich people who might have items like those Fagin is using." Mm, really good thinking there, Jun.

I wonder if you had something similar to this answer.

Oliver's fed shown a bed which he can sleep in.

What do you think Oliver thinks of Fagin? Does he think he's a kind character? You might like to reflect on how Oliver's been treated so far in the text.

So pause the video while you consider this.

What does Oliver make of Fagin? Is he kind? And why is he maybe thinking this way? How's Oliver been treated so far in his early part of his life? Pause the video while you have a discussion about this with someone nearby.

Hmm, I'm wondering, what did you think? What do you think that Oliver thinks of Fagin? And let's find out what Aisha thinks, "Fagin cooks sausages for Oliver and offers him a place to stay.

Oliver is probably very grateful." Remember, he's been eating gruel for most of his life.

"This is the nicest anyone has treated him so far.

It mentions that Oliver thinks of Fagin as selfless and having a tender heart in the text." Hmm, now is that true? Thanks for sharing that answer, Aisha.

Check for understanding.

Which of the following are actions and dialogue that characterise Fagin in a positive light? Fagin cooks for the boys.

Fagin praises the boys when they were able to take things from him without being spotted.

Fagin's lifting something heavy that he does not want anyone else to see.

Fagin compliments the work of the Artful Dodger and Kags.

So pause the video while you decide which of the following actions and dialogue characterise Fagin in a positive light.

Well done if you selected Fagin cooks for the boys, Fagin praises the boys, and Fagin compliments the work of the Artful Dodger and Kags.

Yeah, these are all showing him in quite a positive light.

Hmm, well, let's see what happens later on in the text, shall we? And now it's time for your task.

How do Geraldine McCaughrean and Jeff Anderson characterise Fagin? What effect does this have on our understanding of his character.

So I'd like you to focus on how he's described and illustrated, the words he uses, and the actions he performs. You might like to discuss the two similes used on page 24 which compare him to a "witch" and a "vulture." So refer to pages 22 to 25 to support your discussion.

How is he characterised, and what does this effect have on our understanding of his character? Pause the video here.

It's good to be back with you, and I'm really interested to find out more about how you think the author and illustrator have characterised Fagin.

So let's see.

Let's get some of your responses.

The Artful Dodger refers to Fagin as "generous." He looks after the boys in his gang.

Hmm, okay.

What else? Fagin's described as being similar to a vulture.

Vulture are birds that prey on the sick and helpless.

Hmm, great point.

What else? I don't trust Fagin.

The gangs he runs are clearly stealing from people.

He looks very greedy in the illustration on page 25.

Yeah, great, I'm glad you're really taking account of these illustrations too.

And now for our next part of the lesson, we'll be exploring characterization.

When we compare and contrast, we're focusing on similarities and differences.

Similarities are things that are alike or the same in two or more things.

Differences are things that are not the same.

By comparing, we can find how things are alike, which helps us to see patterns and make connections.

When we contrast, we notice differences, and this helps us see unique details or aspects that make each thing special.

Do you have any similarities and differences that you can compare and contrast with your partner? This would be a great exploration.

So just turn to your partner and see if you can think of a few things that are similar about you, a few things that are different.

Have a look at comparing and contrasting yourselves.

Pause the video here.

Okay, good to be back with you.

I hope you enjoyed finding some similarities and some differences with your partner.

There are ways in which we're all the same, things that connect us, and we're also unique, we're individuals.

And that's so wonderful.

Check for understanding.

Match the following keywords to their definitions.

Contrast, compare.

And the definitions.

Involves identifying similarities between two or more things, ideas, themes, or texts.

Involves identifying differences between two or more things, ideas, concepts, or texts.

So pause the video here while you match the keywords to their definitions.

Did you match contrast with the definition involves identifying differences between things, two or more things? Did you match up compare with involves identifying similarities between two or more things? Well done if you made these connections.

Oliver finally notices that Fagin is not what he seems. Fagin accuses Oliver of pretending to be asleep and threatens him.

Continue reading chapter four, from pages 25 to 29, from the word "Fagin." Then I'd like you to answer this question.

Two new characters, Nancy and Bill Sikes, are introduced.

How is their characterization contrasted to one another? So pause the video while you continue reading chapter four, and answer this question.

Share your answer with someone nearby.

Okay, so here they are.

Nancy, Bill Sikes are in the picture now.

And how is their characterization contrasted? See what Sam has to say, "Nancy is described as a happy, 'giggling' girl with rosy-red cheeks, whereas Bill Sikes has a vicious temper, smelled of alcohol, and had a fierce dog." Wow, could not be more different.

What a contrast.

Fagin tells Oliver to look up to the Artful Dodger as a role model.

Refer to page 28.

What does Oliver notice the Artful Dodger doing? And what might Fagin mean by saying to Oliver he should model himself on him? So pause the video while you refer to page 28, and then answer these questions and share your answers with someone nearby.

Okay, so the Artful Dodger.

Hmm, what do we think about him? So what does Oliver notice the Artful Dodger doing? What did Fagin mean? Let's see what Andeep has to say, "Oliver has just witnessed the boys stealing a handkerchief from a wealthy gentleman.

They run off, leaving him as a witness to the crime.

Fagin probably wants Oliver to follow in the Artful Dodger's footsteps and join in with future stealing." Ooh, wow.

Things have taken a turn.

Check for understanding.

True or false? Mr. Brownlow believes that Oliver has just stolen from him.

Pause the video while you decide if this is true or false.

Well done if you selected true.

Indeed, he does believe that Oliver has just stolen from him.

And now I'd like you to justify your answer.

Choose from one of these two statements.

Oliver's face is described as "guilty" before he decides to run off.

This makes Oliver seem very suspicious.

Oliver finally understood how the boys lived and what they did.

Pause the video while you decide which of these statements justifies your answer.

Well done if you selected the first statement.

Although both of these statements are true, the first one is the one that directly justifies the answer you've given.

Okay, and now it's time for your task.

In this task, we're going to explore the characterization of both Oliver and the Artful Dodger.

So how do the author and illustrator depict these two characters? Are they similar? Are they different to each other? I'd like you to compare and contrast the characters by filling in notes in the corresponding boxes.

Similarities will go in between the characters, and differences on the outer sides.

And you can use information from the words, illustrations, or a mixture of both.

Refer to chapter four to support you.

So compare and contrast the characters.

What are the similarities? What are the differences between them? So I'd like you to compare and contrast Oliver and the Artful Dodger, and here's your table to complete.

So here we've got Oliver.

Here's the Artful Dodger.

In the middle, I'd like you to list any similarities.

And then the differences, the things that are unique to Oliver, things that are unique to the Artful Dodger, on the outsides.

So pause the video here while you refer to chapter four to support you and complete this table.

I'll see you when you're finished.

So what did you come up with? Hmm, let's think about Oliver.

So, these are the things that are unique to Oliver.

Oliver is very honest and trustworthy.

He always tells the truth.

Okay, great.

And what's similar between the two boys? Fagin thinks of both boys as "promising," meaning they will make him richer.

And what things are specific, and what's specific to the Artful Dodger? Well, the Artful Dodger is aware of Fagin's criminal activity and helps train the boys.

Really, really quite different to Oliver there.

Fantastic, well done if you came up with something like this.

In our lesson, "Exploring characterization in 'Oliver Twist,'" we've covered the following.

Characterization is the way an author and illustrator describe and develop the personalities and traits of the characters in a story.

When we compare, we can find how things are alike, which helps us see patterns and connections.

When we contrast, we notice differences, and this helps us see unique details or aspects that make each thing special.

Many of the characters in "Oliver Twist" are complex.

They present as kind and helpful when their intentions are not.

Fagin compares Oliver and the Artful Dodger.

They both share some similar characteristics; however, are very different to one another.

Thank you so much, everyone, for being here in this lesson, for really getting into the characterization of Oliver, the Artful Dodger, Fagin, and some of the others.

It was fantastic to explore these characters with you, and I'm really looking forward to getting further into this text next time we meet.

Bye for now.