Hello, my name's Mrs. Riley, and today I'm here to teach you this lesson, which is part of our unit on "Macbeth".

We've been thinking a little bit about soliloquies, and in today's lesson, we will be planning and writing part of a soliloquy.

I hope you enjoy our learning today.

The outcome of today's lesson is to plan and write the against section of Macbeth's soliloquy.

Here are our keywords for our learning today.

I'm going to say each one and I'd like you to repeat it to me.

Soliloquy.

First person perspective.

Internal conflict.

Rhetorical question.

Well done.

Thank you for joining in.

A soliloquy is an act of speaking one's thoughts aloud when by oneself or regardless of any hearers, especially by a character in a play.

The first person perspective is the I/we perspective.

So speaking from our own perspective or in the character as somebody else, using words like I, my, me, or we.

An internal conflict is a struggle within a person's mind over a problem or a question.

A rhetorical question is a question asked to the reader that does not expect an answer.

Don't worry if any of these feel a little bit unfamiliar because we're going to talk about them lots in our lesson today.

We have two learning cycles.

In the first one, we're going to plan a section of the soliloquy, and then in the second learning cycle we'll write.

But let's start off by planning.

Plays often include monologues where one character gives a long speech, and a soliloquy is just a type of monologue, so a type of a long speech.

In a soliloquy, the character isn't in a conversation back and forth with anyone, but they're speaking to themselves, saying their thoughts aloud.

We will be writing a soliloquy as the character of Macbeth when he is facing an internal conflict involving Duncan.

So we'll be writing this long speech that Macbeth is saying to himself when he's facing this internal conflict.

Can you remember what Macbeth's internal conflict is about? Pause the video.

That's right, it's about whether or not he should kill Duncan.

Let's check what we've just learned.

What is a soliloquy? Is it A, a monologue that one character says to another; B, a stage direction; C, a character speaking their thoughts aloud; or D, an argument between two characters? Pause the video now.

Okay, well done.

The correct answer is C.

It is a character speaking their thoughts aloud.

Let's think what features we'll include in our soliloquy.

Before I show you, I'd like, in fact, I'm gonna show you one.

So one feature is we'll be writing in the first person perspective.

Can you pause the video and see if you can think of any other features we might include in our soliloquy? Okay, let's see if any of yours were the same as mine.

So present tense because his thoughts are happening right now.

He's not going to say, "I was feeling so confused." He's going to say, "I am feeling so confused" because these thoughts are happening right now.

Thoughts and feelings, so the audience understand what's going through his head.

Rhetorical questions, which we'll look at in more detail later.

Language choice of a Shakespearean genre.

For example, we're not going to be using language like, oh, Duncan's my bezzie mate and he's such a nice guy, so I shouldn't kill him.

That's too informal.

That's something we might say to our friends, but not in this writing that we are going to be doing today.

Instead, we are going to be using more formal language, and we are later on in the lesson going to look at some specific words we can use to make our writing have a Shakespearian sound to it.

We might also include short, snappy sentences as Macbeth keeps changing his mind.

So some of those sentences, short, snappy sentences, it could just be a sentence like, no, that could be a sentence like no, exclamation mark.

I will proceed no further in this business.

So we're gonna be including some short, snappy sentences.

Okay, what features will we include in our soliloquy? First person perspective, inverted commas around speech, Shakespearean style of language, and rhetorical questions.

Pause the video now.

There might be more than one answer.

Okay, well done.

We will include first person perspective and Shakespearean style of language and rhetorical questions.

We won't be using inverted commas because this whole thing is a speech from "Macbeth", and in play scripts we don't include inverted commas.

We are going to write our soliloquy in three sections.

How many sections? That's right, three.

The first section is going to be all the reasons that he shouldn't kill Duncan, reasons against killing Duncan.

So first, he's trying to convince himself, no, I can't do it, I mustn't kill Duncan.

And then the next section is going to be reasons he should do it because we know he's got this internal conflict.

So, oh, if I did it, then this might happen and I would be really powerful.

So he's kind of convincing himself why he should do it.

And then the final section will be his closing thoughts where he makes up his mind, which includes a visualisation of the dagger.

So reasons he shouldn't kill Duncan, reasons he should, we can see Lady Macbeth there convincing him, and then the visualisation of the dagger.

Today we're just focusing on the reasons against killing Duncan.

We don't need to think about the other two sections today.

We are just focusing on planning and writing the reasons he shouldn't kill Duncan.

So let's just set the scene.

Macbeth has returned to his castle where he's reunited with his wife, Lady Macbeth.

King Duncan has come to stay with him.

Macbeth is his host.

They are celebrating their victory in battle and Macbeth becoming the Thane of Cawdor.

So they've gone back to Macbeth's castle for a bit of a celebration and a party.

However, Macbeth cannot stop thinking about the witches' prophecies.

They predicted he'd become the Thane of Cawdor, and that came true.

Could it also be true that he will become the king? Moreover, Lady Macbeth is very persuasive and she's encouraging Macbeth to kill Duncan so he can become king himself.

True or false? Macbeth has returned to his castle alone.

Pause the video.

Well done.

It's false.

Now pause the video while you pick the better justification for your answer.

That's right, it's B, Macbeth is not alone.

King Duncan and his men have come to stay and Macbeth is hosting them.

That answer gives lots of detail.

So our soliloquy will start with the reasons against killing Duncan.

What are those reasons that he should not kill Duncan? I would like you to pause the video and have a quick think about why he shouldn't kill Duncan.

Okay, let's see if your answers were the same as mine.

He is a loyal subject as we can see in that picture standing next to Duncan.

He doesn't want to be a traitor.

The last Thane of Cawdor was a traitor, and he had his title stripped from him.

So Macbeth doesn't want to be like him.

If he fails, he will be known as a traitor, so if he tries to kill Duncan and he fails.

His good reputation would be ruined and he would be killed.

We know he's got at the moment a good reputation and to be a brave fighter and he did really well in battle.

All of that would go and he might be killed if he's caught.

Duncan has just made him the Thane of Cawdor, so he's just given him an honour.

Duncan likes Macbeth and he's hosting him in his castle, he's staying with him.

So which of the following are reasons against Macbeth killing Duncan? He is a loyal subject.

He'll make Lady Macbeth happy.

He's hosting Duncan and Duncan trusts him.

He is ambitious and has a lust for power.

Pause the video now.

Okay, well done.

So the correct answers are: he is a loyal subject, and he is hosting Duncan and Duncan trusts him.

Soliloquies often include rhetorical questions.

A rhetorical question is a question that does not expect an answer.

"Could I commit such a heinous crime?" This doesn't expect an answer.

It's a rhetorical question.

"Duncan, where are you?" This expects an answer, "Here I am," therefore it's not a rhetorical question.

Rhetorical questions do all these things.

They draw the audience in, inviting them to reflect on the character's thoughts and dilemmas.

They convey that internal conflict and uncertainties of the character.

They emphasise key points in the character's argument.

And they persuade the character and the audience to see a certain point.

So they're really useful tools for us to include in our soliloquies.

So all of us today are going to try and include some rhetorical questions.

Which of the following are rhetorical questions? What if I were caught? Where is Duncan now, my love? Could I ever forgive myself? Are there any men guarding Duncan's room? Pause the video now.

Well done.

A and C are rhetorical questions because they don't expect an answer.

We could answer B, he is in the dining room, and yes, there are two men guarding his room.

There are answers to those questions, so those two aren't rhetorical questions.

Okay, it's time for your first task.

I would like you to fill in the table with Macbeth's thoughts and feelings on why he should not kill Duncan.

Write in the first person perspective.

So we're not saying Macbeth feels confused, we're saying I feel confused.

Remember, you are Macbeth today.

And try to include two rhetorical questions.

Here's an example of what you might write in your plan.

Duncan has made me Thane of Cawdor and this is how I thank him, question mark.

So that is something that I could put straight into my writing in learning cycle two.

So these notes are going to be really helpful later in the lesson, and it's a rhetorical question.

So good luck.

Pause the video now while you fill in your plan.

Okay, well done.

Let's look at some more examples of what you might have written.

"What am I thinking? I cannot do this!" "I would be forever known as a traitor.

My good reputation would be gone forever.

Forever." That's an example of a short, snappy sentence, that repetition.

"What would Duncan think if he even knew I was having these awful thoughts?" There's another example of a rhetorical question.

Okay, well done.

Hopefully you are all feeling ready to write.

Okay, so now let's look at the second learning cycle, which is where we're going to be doing our writing.

So we can include exclamations in our soliloquies to add effect.

Exclamations start with how or what, and they end in an exclamation mark.

"What a dilemma!" "What a dilemma this is!" You'll notice they're slightly different.

"What a dilemma!" is an exclamatory phrase because it does not include a verb.

It starts with what and ends in an exclamation mark, but it does not include a verb.

"What a dilemma this is!" is an exclamatory sentence because it includes a verb.

We could include either in our soliloquies, so anything starting in what or how that's not a question that ends in an exclamation mark.

So which of the following are exclamatory sentences? Remember, that means it has to include a verb.

It's not an exclamatory phrase.

"What a traitor!" "What a traitor I am for thinking these thoughts!" "How treacherous these thoughts are!" "How treacherous!" Pause the video now.

Well done.

The exclamatory sentences are B and C.

That's because you can see am and are, they both have a verb in them.

The other, "What a traitor!" and "How treacherous!", A and D, are both exclamatory phrases because they don't include a verb.

So we also want to include some Shakespearean-style language in our soliloquies.

Here are some examples.

Thou or thee could be used instead of saying you.

Thy or thine instead of your.

Mine instead of my.

Canst instead of can.

Art is are.

Wilt means will.

Hast means has or have.

Whither means where.

Let's see these in some example sentences.

"I canst hear him now dining in my very own castle." That means I can hear him now.

"I wilt go no further in this business." That means I will go no further.

"My mind hast been poisoned by the witches' prophecies." My mind has been poisoned.

"Whither is he now?" Where is he now? "Drinking from mine cup," which means my cup, "Eating from mine table." Now you might think this sounds strange, but it's quite nice to add a few of these words in our soliloquies just to make them sound a bit Shakespearean.

Remember, I don't want every single word to be changed into a Shakespearean-style word because it will just sound strange.

But we might just pepper a few of these just to make our soliloquies sound a little bit Shakespearian.

Okay, match each word to the Shakespearian form.

Pause the video now.

Okay, well done.

So mine means my, wilt means will, whither means where, and thine means your.

So when we write, we always try to do these things.

Plan and say each sentence before we write it.

Use punctuation where we know the rules.

Showcase each sentence type we know.

This is your chance to show off all the sentence types you know.

Write letters neatly on the line in joined handwriting.

Use spelling strategies to spell words accurately.

Check and improve our writing when we think we have finished.

Here's the success criteria for your writing today.

I have written in the first-person perspective.

I have described thoughts and feelings.

I have included rhetorical questions.

I have included some Shakespearean-style language.

I'm now going to write the first few sentences of my against section.

As I do this, you can help me check that I've used the success criteria.

Okay, so as you can see, I have stuck in my success criteria.

I've got my plan to hand ready to go and I'm now going to first of all say my first sentence out loud.

Now I want to think of a nice dramatic way to start my writing, and I think I might go for one of those exclamatory sentences.

What or how is how they start, so I'm gonna start with what.

"What a dilemma!" Now that would just be a phrase, so I need to include a verb.

"What a dilemma I am in!" Now I'm not going to indent.

This isn't a normal paragraph.

It is of course part of a soliloquy.

So let me just say that sentence again.

"What a dilemma I am in!" Okay.

What a dilemma I am in.

And an exclamatory sentence has an exclamation mark at the end.

"What a dilemma I am in!" Right, I'm going to now use my plan.

I'm going to use this first idea for my plan.

Duncan has made me Thane of Cawdor and this is how I thank him, question mark, because then I've got a rhetorical question as well.

So, Duncan.

So we can see how useful our plans are when we can lift things straight from them and copy them up.

Duncan, I'm gonna leave a line, has made me, capital letter because this is a proper noun, Thane of Cawdor.

And this is how I thank him, question mark.

Right, let me read it back.

"Duncan has made me Thane of Cawdor.

This is how I thank him?" Oh, hopefully you spotted that there's a missing word there.

That's why we leave that gap because then I've got that space.

Duncan has made me Thane of Cawdor, and this is how I thank him, question mark.

Now I want to think about start giving some reasons why he thinks he shouldn't kill Duncan.

So maybe something like, I am.

Ooh, what's a reason he shouldn't do? "I am a loyal servant to the king." And then maybe, I know that I need to try and show off what types of sentence I can write, and I know how to include a relative clause using who.

So I could say I'm a loyal servant to the king, comma, who is this very moment dining at my castle.

Ooh, but instead of saying my castle, I'm gonna say mine castle because that's Shakespearean language.

Okay, I've practised saying my sentence, now I'm going to write it.

I am a loyal servant.

I'm a loyal servant to the king, who is this very moment dining in.

Now I was going to say my, but instead I'm going to do mine because that's the Shakespearean way of saying my, in mine castle.

Who is this very moment.

I am a loyal servant to the king, who is this very moment dining in my castle.

I've not done a capital letter there.

That K is not very clear.

Let me just cross that out and redo it, because I'm not saying King Duncan, which is a name, that would have a capital letter.

I've got a lowercase K because I'm just saying the king.

I'm a loyal servant to the king, comma, who is this very moment dining in mine castle, full stop.

So there I've got a relative clause.

Okay, and now I'm gonna go back to my plan.

I might use this idea, another rhetorical question.

What would Duncan think if he even knew I was having these awful thoughts? Because I've mentioned him though quite a lot, I think I'm just going to say, what would he think? Because I think that's going to sound better.

So again, seeing how helpful our plans are.

What.

What would, what would he think if he even knew I was having these awful thoughts? "What would he think if he even knew I was having these awful thoughts?" Oh, now full stop.

What do I need there, everyone? That's right, a question mark, because it's a rhetorical question.

I'm gonna just, my Ks look a bit like Bs today.

I think it needs to be a personal target to improve my letter Ks a little bit.

Okay, what would he think if he even knew I was having these thoughts? Now I'm gonna do a short, snappy sentence.

No, exclamation mark.

I will not let these murderous thoughts plague me any longer.

No, I will not let these murderous thoughts plague me any longer, any longer, full stop.

And now I'm going to go on back to my plan.

I would be forever known as a traitor.

My good reputation would be gone forever.

Forever.

And that would be a nice way to end my first part of my soliloquy.

Okay, I'm not going to write that out now because we're short of time.

I'm just gonna quickly go through my success criteria.

Ooh, actually first I'm gonna read the whole thing back.

"What a dilemma I am in.

Duncan has made me Thane of Cawdor, and this is how I thank him? I am a loyal servant to the king, who is this very moment dining in mine castle.

What would he think if he even knew I was having these awful thoughts? No, I will not let these murderous thoughts plague me any longer." And then I'm going to end with that sentence there.

So first person, yes, I, me, I, mine, or my.

So yes.

Thoughts and feelings, yes, I can see straight away I'm describing the time in a dilemma and I'm having these murderous thoughts are plaguing me.

Rhetorical questions, yes, I can see one there and there's another one here, so I can give that a tick.

Shakespearean style language.

Now I know I used instead of my, I said he is in mine castle.

I've only used one though, so perhaps I could try and include maybe one more sentence with some Shakespearean language.

One or two or three words would be enough.

Okay.

So now it's your turn to write.

Use your success criteria and your plan to help you structure your paragraph.

Good luck.

I think this writing is going to be amazing.

Okay, well done.

I hope you are feeling really pleased with your soliloquies.

I'd like you, before we finish our lesson, just to read your writing back to check for sense and errors and also if you haven't already, tick the success criteria as you find an example of each part of it, like in this example.

So, "What a mess I find myself in.

My mind is clouded by the witches' prophecies, and shameful thoughts will not stop surrounding me.

Should I take the life of King Duncan? My king? The weight of this decision bears heavily upon me as my choices wilt shape my destiny.

Halt! I yearn for peace.

I cannot proceed further down this path.

As the Thane of Cawdor, I must uphold my honour and loyalty to my country.

I'm a faithful servant to the king, who is sleeping in mine very own castle.

How could I commit such an abhorrent act against one whom trusts me so implicitly? Curse those malevolent witches, whose prophecies I regret encountering.

I dare not place my fate in the hands of the supernatural.

I will proceed no further in this business." So as you read your work back, check first person perspective.

There I can see I, me, my, so I can give that a tick.

Thoughts and feelings.

Oh yes, my mind is clouded, shameful thoughts won't stop surrounding me.

So yes, I can give that a tick.

Rhetorical questions.

Let me just check.

Should I take the life of Duncan? How could I commit such an abhorrent act? So yes, I've got two rhetorical questions.

And Shakespearean-style language, mine, wilt, yearn, whom, so yes, I can give that a tick as well.

Can you now pause the video and check your success criteria? Okay, well done.

Let's summarise what we've learned today.

Soliloquies are used in plays to show the audience how a character is feeling.

In a soliloquy, a character is speaking to themselves, often where they are faced with an internal conflict.

We can use our plans and our success criterias when writing to be as successful as possible.

We can use the first person perspective when we are writing as if we are a character like Macbeth.

Writers can use rhetorical questions to make soliloquies more engaging.

Well done for such incredible work today.

I hope you feel proud of yourselves, and hopefully I'll see you to finish off writing our soliloquy in another lesson.

Bye.