Lesson video

Hello, and welcome to today's spelling lesson.

I'm Mr. Moss, and I'm really looking forward to teaching you.

With you today, you need to bring your looking eyes, your listening ears, and your thinking brains.

As well as that something to talk to or someone to talk with, and also something to write with and write on will be excellent too.

Right, let's not waste a moment then, let's get right into our spelling lesson.

In this spelling lesson, we are making plurals using the suffix, -es, and -ves.

The outcome will be, "I can make nouns plural by adding -es or changing F or FE to V, and then adding -es." Here are the key words for today's learning.

My turn, your turn.

Suffix, plural, singular, root word, noun.

Excellent, let's have a chat about what these words mean then.

A suffix is a letter or group of letters added to the end of a root word.

Plural means more than one.

Singular means only one.

A root word is the base word from which other words are formed often by adding prefixes or suffixes.

And a noun is a naming word for people, places, or things.

So in today's lesson, we are going to be taking singular nouns as our root words, and we are going to be adding suffixes to the end of these singular nouns to create plural nouns.

Here's the outline for today's lesson then.

We are making plurals using -es and -ves.

We're gonna begin by creating plurals with those suffixes.

And then we are going to practise and apply our spellings in our second learning cycle, where we're also going to have a go at writing a sentence, which I'm really looking forward to.

Let's get on with creating plurals with -es and -ves then.

Remember that a suffix is a letter or group of letters that we add to the end of a word, which creates another word.

Suffixes can change the words tense or word class.

They can also turn singular nouns into plural nouns.

Let's have a look at this in action.

Here we have the singular game.

I played a game.

By adding the suffix -s, I can turn it into games, the plural noun.

Me and my friends played many games.

Here we have the singular dress.

If I add the suffix, -es, it becomes dresses, the plural noun.

And here we have baby B-A-B-Y.

I need to add -es to turn it into babies, the plural noun.

Something interesting happens here to that singular noun, the root word.

I remove the Y and replace it with an I and add -es to create the plural, babies.

Sometimes the spelling of the root word will change.

There are different rules for how this root word changes when the suffix is S or -es are added to create plural nouns.

And we're gonna be looking at some of these today.

Read the following words with me.

Hats, blocks, bananas, babies, cities, stories, monkeys, boys.

These are all plural nouns.

In some instances we've just added S, and in other instances we've added -es, and the root word has changed.

They all end with the suffix -s or -es, which makes them plural nouns.

These words follow different rules for when the suffix -s or -es is added.

What rules can you remember? Do you remember the rules for adding -s or -es to turn singular nouns into plural nouns? Pause the video, have a think.

Consider the root words and how they've changed.

Excellent, when creating plurals, there are several rules, and I'm gonna go over them right now.

Perhaps you've just said some of these rules, including just adding -s, removing the Y, and adding -ies.

Let's have a look at these.

So if our root word ends in just a consonant or a vowel, we would just add our -s.

So the root word ending in consonants and vowels, like dog, girl, and house.

But if our root words end in a vowel digraph, so root words ending in a vowel digraph like toy, trait and monkey.

And that's the O-Y, making that oy sound, the A-Y, making that a sound, and the E-Y making that ee sound.

So a vowel letter and a Y.

Then we can also just add the -s, but it gets a bit more complicated when we have Y at the end of the word and it's proceeded by a consonant letter.

So root words ending in a consonant and a Y, making that ee or that aigh sound like party, story, family.

We then have to remove the Y and add -ies to turn it into a plural noun.

Have a look here for me.

Choose the correct words to complete these sentences.

S and -es are types of mm, that are added to the mm of a word.

When -s or -es are added to the end of a word, it can show that the word is mm.

And you have three words to choose from the words below.

Choose carefully.

Say the sentence with the correct words now.

Off you go.

Great job team.

Could really hear you saying the sentences there.

So -s and -es are types of suffix, which come at the the end of a word.

So they're added to the end of the word.

When -s or -es is added to the end of the word, it can show that a word is plural.

So we today, remember, are adding -s or -es to the end of singular nouns to create plural nouns more than one of that noun.

Now look at these words ending in a consonant that used the suffix -es to create the plural.

Dish becomes dishes.

We've added -es rather than just an -s.

Bench becomes benches.

They sat on the benches at the side of the pitch.

Dress becomes dresses, fox becomes foxes.

What do you notice about these root words? Pause the video and have a think.

Lovely thinking.

If the noun ends in sh, ch, s, ss, or x, we add the suffix -es to turn them into a plural noun.

So this is our rule.

Remember, we're adding -es and -ves today.

This is our first rule for adding -es to create plural nouns today.

If the word ends in sh, ch, ss, s or x, we just add -es.

Let's look at some more examples where the suffix -es is added to root words ending in sh, ch, ss or x.

Wish becomes wishes.

Brush becomes my turn, your turn, brushes.

Both wish and brush and in sh so we just add -es.

Church becomes churches, match becomes matches.

Both church and match end in ch so we add -es.

Class or class becomes classes or classes.

Kiss becomes kisses.

Both class or class and kiss end in double S.

So we add -es to turn them into plural.

Fox becomes foxes and box becomes boxes.

Both fox and box, and then x, so we add -es to turn them into plurals.

The spelling of the root word in all of these examples, all of these singular nouns has not changed.

Be careful as well.

I know it's spelled -es, but it can sound like is I-S, can't it? Boxes, but it's the -es 'cause we're adding that plural suffix.

The pronunciation has also changed.

The -es sounds like is, be careful with that.

How will these words that end with either sh, ch, s, ss or x, change when the suffix -es is added? Bus lunch, glass or glass, fox.

Remember the spelling of the root word helps us to spell the plural.

What was the rule we just looked at? How are you going to spell buses, lunches, glasses, foxes? Pause the video, have a think.

Great job team.

So really straightforward here.

We just have to add -es, buses, lunches, glasses, foxes.

I know it sounds like is, but it's that -es spelling.

Our rule here remember, if the word ends in sh, ch, s, ss or x, we just add -es to create our plural nouns.

So little check for us.

Put the root words into the correct column and show what will happen when we add the -es suffix.

We have a column with sh, a column with ch, a column with ss and a column with x.

Put them in the correct columns and have a go at turning them into plural nouns.

Off you go.

Good job, solid job team.

Really impressed there.

I've managed to sort those words and I can see some really consistent spelling with the adding of that -es suffix to turn theses singular nouns into plural nouns.

I'm hoping you've got a table that looks like this.

Wish, brush and crash all end in sh so we just added -es.

Church match and beach all end in ch.

So we just added -es.

Class or class, kiss and glass or glass, all in double S, so we just add -es, and fox and box both end in X.

So we just add -es to make foxes and boxes.

These are all plural nouns remember.

Look carefully now at how these nouns change their spelling in the plural form.

Calf, which is a baby cow becomes calves plural.

Calf might also be the calves on your legs.

Loaf like a loaf of bread can become loaves.

Oh, do you spot a passion happening here? Wife becomes wives, life becomes lives plural.

Many lives were saved.

What do you notice here? Have a look at the spelling of the root word.

How's it changed? What have we added to it when adding the -es to make our words plural? Pause the video and have a think.

Brilliant, some great thinking going on there.

So here you can see from our root words, calf, loaf, wife, and life.

We either end in an f or an fe, and we've removed the f and fe and added -ves to create calves, loaves, wives, lives.

So we have to add the v by removing the f or the fe before adding our -es plural suffix, calves, loaves, wives, lives.

And this changes the pronunciation a little bit, doesn't it? It is a V sound, V sound, not an F.

If a noun ends in f or fe, the f or fe becomes a V before the suffix -es is used to turn the singular noun into a plural noun.

This isn't true if the noun ends in a double F though.

These nouns just add -s.

And there are also some exceptions for nouns that end in just one F.

Belief doesn't become believes because that'd be a different word.

It becomes beliefs just with an F.

And chief doesn't become chieves, it becomes chiefs.

So both of those are exceptions to our rule.

Also, if the singular noun ends in double F, we just add an -s, we don't change it to -ves.

Half becomes halves.

That what in is an example of a word where we do need to remove the F and add -ves.

But cliff, we becomes cliffs like the cliffs of Dover.

Knife with an fe.

We do have to remove the fe here and add -ves becomes knives, but puff becomes puffs, puffs of smoke billowed out of the chimney.

What do you notice then? Our rule here is if it ends at a double F, we just add an -s.

And there are two exceptions, belief and chief, where we don't have to change the F to -ves.

If a noun ends in f or fe, the fe or f become a V and a suffix -es is then added to turn it into a plural noun.

So look carefully for me.

We've looked at the rules, just adding the -s, removing the f and adding -ves or removing the fe and adding -ves, knife becoming knives, cuff becoming cuffs, like the cuffs on your shirt and scarf becoming scarves.

Which rule has each of these pairs followed to become plural? Match them now.

Brilliant knife ended in fe, we've removed the fe and added -ves.

Cuff ended a double F, so we just have to add -s and scarf ends in an F singular to become scarves plural, remove the F and add -ves.

So what will the spelling of these nouns be when they change from singular to plural? We have elf, shelf, cliff, thief.

Be careful with that one, thief, I-E-F, thief, that I and E that you're making an ee sound there.

A thief, someone who steals something.

Remember to look carefully at the root word.

Remember to remove the f or fe and add -ves, but not for double F words.

How am I going to spell elves, shelves, cliffs and thieves? Pause the video now.

Excellent, could see some really careful consideration of the rules we've been looking at there.

Elf becomes elves, I remove the f and add -ves.

Shelf becomes shelves, same rule, remove the f, add -ves, cliff, oh, double F.

So I just have to add an -s.

And thieves is spelled T-H-I-E.

Remove the F, -ves.

Nouns ending in O can take -es or -s when creating plurals.

So our rule here is add an -s or -es.

We just have to learn these words.

Piano becomes pianos, we just add an -s.

Radio becomes radios, just adding an -s.

But potato is quite strange.

We add an -es to create plural, potatoes.

And echo is the same.

We add -es to create echoes.

Tomato is the same as well.

Tomatoes with an -es.

You just have to learn these.

There's no pattern to help us.

So let's really look at them carefully now.

Potato, echo, tomato to create plural nouns becomes potatoes with an -es, echoes with an -es, tomatoes with an -es.

But piano and radio, just add an -s.

Remember those ones, they're really, really important.

So what will the spelling of these words be when the suffix -s or -es is added? Here are our words.

Cello like the musical instrument, a hero and volcano.

The spelling of the root word here can sometimes help us spell the new word.

But remember, there's no clear rule here.

Which one do you think looks right as well? How would I spell cellos, heroes, volcanoes? Have a think, pause the video.

So cellos is just adding an -s.

Heroes is an -es, and volcanoes is also an -es for plural, the volcanoes erupted.

So let's have a snapshot of these as well.

Heroes, volcanoes, remember they are -es plurals.

So with that in mind and with the words that we've just looked at, select the correct spelling of each plural noun.

Read these sentences, pause the video, off you go.

Great job team.

I don't like potatoes when they are mashed.

This is one of those examples where we add -es to turn potato into a plural.

There are two pianos in our school.

Sometimes it helps to think which one looks right.

It's just os there's no need for an -es there.

And there are several active volcanoes there.

Ooh, plural to volcano, we add an -es, volcanoes.

We have created more rules when adding plural suffixes today.

Sometimes we just add an -s.

Sometimes we just add -es.

Sometimes we remove the Y and add -ies.

Sometimes we remove the f or fe and add -ves.

Let's have a look at some of these in action then.

If our root word ends in consonants and vowels, we most often just add -s.

If our root word ends in sh, ch, s, ss, x or sometimes O, we have to add -es.

And if our root word ends in a consonant and a Y, we remove the Y and add -ies.

And if our root words ends in f or fe, we remove those and add -ves unless of course it's a double F, then we just add an -s.

So look carefully at the pairs, singular and plural below.

Brush and brushes, tray and trays, thief and thieves, story and stories.

Match them to the correct rule which has been used.

Off you go.

Brilliant, brush and brushes.

Just adding -es 'cause it ends in S-H, the shh, tray and trays, vowel digraph, we just have to add an -s.

Thief and thieves, remove that f and add -ves.

And story and stories is a consonant and a Y.

So we remove the Y and add -ies to create the plural stories.

Onto our practise task then.

Remember, sound it out.

Think of the root word.

Remember spelling rules and also read and check the word.

I want you to have a go at spelling these plural nouns now.

I'm going to say them.

Listen carefully.

Let's see if you've been paying attention then.

The first one, tomatoes.

The tomatoes grew on the vine.

Number two, foxes.

Number three, volcanoes.

The active volcanoes were erupting.

Number four, thieves.

And number five, benches.

I'll say those one more time.

Tomatoes, foxes, volcanoes, thieves, benches.

Pause the video.

Have a go at writing those plural nouns now, off you go.

Superb job.

Really great consideration of the root words and whether you are adding -es or -ves.

Great job.

So tomatoes.

Our root word is tomato ending in an O.

And it's one of those ones where we add -es.

So it's -oes at the end.

A bit like potatoes.

Foxes, our root word is fox ending in an X.

So we just add -es, be careful.

I know it sounds like is, but it's -es, foxes.

Volcanoes, volcano is our root word here and you gonna know.

It's one of those ones where we add an -es again, a bit like tomatoes or potatoes.

Remember to learn that one, there's no rule.

The next one was thieves.

Our root word is thief.

Watch out for the I-E here.

Remember I before E except after C.

So -ief is at the end of the root word, thief, singular.

We are gonna remove that f and add -ves to create the word thieves, T-H-I-E-V-E-S.

The next one was benches that end in a cha-cha, CH, two consonants there.

So we just add -es, benches.

How did you do? Share your learning and make any corrections now.

Onto our final learning cycle then, which is to practise and apply our spelling.

Let's read the following curriculum words.

My turn, your turn.

Often, appear, twelfth.

What do you notice about these spellings? Say them again.

Compare how they're spelled, how they sound.

Do you think there's anything tricky about them? Pause the video and have a think.

Okay, I've noticed a couple of things about these words.

Depending on pronunciation, you cannot always hear the T in often.

Some people might pronounce it often, but I pronounce it often so you don't always hear it.

It's made of the words of and ten.

That's how I remember how to spell it.

Words of in words.

Appear has a double P, and the spelling eer is spelled ear, like near and spear.

And in twelfth it has an f in the middle, unlike the word twelve so be careful.

With that in mind, which of the words that we've just read is spelled correctly here? Speed round.

You gonna point to them for me.

Which is the correct spelling of the word often? Which two words make it up? Point to it now.

Brilliant, remember, there's of and ten in often.

We don't always hear that T, depending on how you pronounce it, often.

The next one, appear, point to it now.

Brilliant, remember, there's that double P, appear, A-P-P-E-A-R.

And twelfth, point to it now.

Brilliant, remember, it's an F, not a V, T-W-E-L-F-T-H at the end, twelfth, F.

Great, so let's practise now.

Spelling words using the plurals patterns we have looked at.

Remember, we've looked at just adding an -s, just adding -es, removing the Y and adding -ies and removing the f or fe and adding -ves.

When we just add an -s, it's because the root word ends in a consonant and vowels.

When we add -es or just adding -es, it's because our root words end in sh, ch, s, ss, x or O sometimes.

And then we have removing the Y and adding -ies.

This is because the root word ends in a consonant in a Y.

And finally, when our root words end in f or fe, we remove those and add -ves.

Unless of course it ends in double F and then we just had an -s.

So look at these pairs of words.

Which rule has been used for each? Pause the video and match them now, off you go.

Great echo and echoes.

We've just added -es here.

So one of those strange ones that ends in an O where we add -es a bit like tomatoes or potatoes.

We just have to learn those ones remember.

Performance and performances, we just add an -s 'cause it ends in an e.

Calf and calves, those baby cows.

We remove the f and add -ves, and festivity and festivities.

Okay, like celebrations or festivals that are going on a party in many ways, ends in a consonant and a y.

So we remove the Y and add -ies, festivities, plural noun.

Select the correct spelling of each plural noun.

Read the sentences and select the correct spelling for A, B, and C now, off you go.

Brilliant, you'll be granted three wishes.

Oh ends in sh, so we have to add -es.

The children guzzled the berries greedily.

The children guzzled the berries greedily.

Now berry is our root word here, ends in a continent and a Y.

So we have to remove the Y and add -ies.

We packed our belongings into boxes.

Oh, ends in an X, doesn't it? So -es, be careful.

I know it sounds like is, but it's the -es spelling 'cause it's a plural noun.

Select the correct spelling of each plural noun here as well.

Remember the rules we've looked at.

Pause the video, select the correct spellings now.

Off you go.

Brilliant, have you seen the white cliffs of Dover? Well, a root word cliff here entered a double F.

So we just have to add an -s.

Be careful when putting the knives away.

Our root word is knife, fe.

Remove the fe and add -ves.

There were two churches in the village.

Hmm, churches.

Our root word is church, isn't it? CH, to turn it into a plural churches, we add -es.

She loves to have tomatoes with her salad.

Remember this one ends in an O, but we don't just add an -s, we add -es, tomatoes, just like potatoes.

So we are going to now write a sentence containing some of our focus spellings.

When we write the whole sentence, we need to do several things at once.

We need to remember the whole sentence.

We need to sound out each word.

We need to think of our spelling rules for creating plural nouns.

Look out for those common exception in curriculum words.

And of course, remember sentence punctuation.

I'd like you to just listen to me say the sentence first of all.

During the twelfth month, many festivities, which often include performances and parties, bring joy to our lives.

During the twelfth month, many festivities, which often include performances and parties, bring joy to our lives.

So we're gonna use some strategies to help us remember this sentence now.

And here are those strategies.

We can repeat the sentence out loud several times.

We can picture what's happening in our head and we can count how many words are on our fingers.

I always suggest saying the sentence several times.

I always suggest trying to picture what's in your head and also counting the words so you know how many you've got.

Let's pick a strategy now and have a go at using one of them.

I'll say the sentence one more time.

During the twelfth month, many festivities, which often include performances and parties, bring joy to our lives.

During the twelfth month, many festivities, which often include performances and parties, bring joy to our lives.

Pick a strategy now and have a go at saying that sentence again.

So remember, to sound out each word, look out for those common exception words or curriculum words.

And don't forget to check your sentence punctuation.

I'll say the sentence one more time.

During the twelfth month, many festivities, which often include performances and parties, bring joy to our lives.

Pause the video and have a good writing that sentence now.

Off you go.

Great job team.

Really, really great application of the spelling rules we've been looking at, and also great consideration for those curriculum words we looked at today.

So During capital D, of course, the twelfth, remember f and then T-H, month.

And here I have a comma to separate my fronted adverbial of time, many, M-A-N-Y, festivities.

Be careful here, festivity is our singular.

It's a y at the end there, proceeded by consonant.

So we remove the Y and add -ies to create the plural, festivities.

We also then have to have a comma here to separate our relative subordinate clause, which often, oh, that curriculum word, off and ten make often, include performances.

Root word here is performance singular.

We just add an -s because it ends in an e and parties, just like festivities, parties has a consonant then a Y.

We remove the Y and add -ies and a comma here again, to bring an end to separate our relative subordinate clause.

Bring joy to our lives.

Ooh, life is our root where there isn't it? Singular, lives.

Life ends in fe, remove the fe, add -ves, and of course, a full stop.

During the twelfth month, many festivities, which often include performances and parties, bring joy to our lives.

How did you do? How did you get on with turning singular nouns into plural nouns and adding our suffixes? How did you get on our curriculum words twelfth and often? Pause the video now, share your learning and make any corrections.

Off you go.

Great spelling today, team.

We've been making plurals using -es and -ves.

Adding -s or -es to a noun creates a plural.

If the root word ends in sh, ch, ss, or x, then add the suffix -es.

If the root word ends in f or fe, then the F is replaced by V before adding -es.

If the root word ends in an O, it can -s or -es.

Most nouns just adds -s including those ending with a consonant, a vowel digraph, and a double F.

Keep up the great spelling.

See if you can spot any clauses in your reading.