Lesson video

Hello and welcome to today's spelling lesson.

I'm Mr. Moss, I love spelling and I can't wait to teach you.

With you today you need to bring your looking eyes, your listening ears, and your thinking brains.

As well as that something to write with and write on would be great, and having something or someone to talk to would also be excellent.

All right, then let's crack on with today's lesson.

In today's spelling lesson, we are going to be turning adjectives into nouns using two suffixes, the suffixes -ity and -ness.

The outcome for our lesson today will be, I can spell words using the suffixes -ity and -ness.

Here are the key words for today's learning.

My turn, your turn.

Suffix, root word, noun, abstract noun.

Great.

So a suffix is a letter or group of letters added to the end of a word to change its meaning.

A root word is the base word from which other words are formed, often by adding prefixes or suffixes.

And today we are concentrating on adding suffixes.

A noun is a naming word for a person, place, or thing, and an abstract noun is a type of noun that names an idea or quality that cannot be seen such as a love.

Here is the outline for today's lesson.

Remember, we are turning adjectives into nouns using our suffixes -ity and -ness.

We're gonna begin by using the suffix -ity and then we're going to use the suffix -ness.

And finally we're gonna apply the spellings we've been looking at so far today within a sentence.

Let's get on with looking at our suffix -ity them.

Remember that a suffix is a letter or group of letters that we add to the end of a word, which creates another word.

Unlike prefixes, which come at the beginning, suffixes come at the end and they often change the word's tense or word class.

Offer is my root word here, and I have my -ed suffix that changes its tense to offered.

Joy, if I add the suffix -full, becomes joyful, a new word.

Deep, if I add my -en suffix, it becomes deepen and has changed its word class.

It's become a verb.

There are lots of different types of suffix.

Remember, today we are looking at -ity and -ness.

Different suffixes can create words with different word classes, and there are also different rules for as to what happens to the root word when we add certain suffixes.

Suffixes which create adjectives include -er, -est and -ous.

The greener apples are the sweetest, greener, here is a comparative adjective.

Sweetest is a superlative adjective without the -est suffix.

He is a famous actor.

Fame is our root word here.

We've removed the e and added -ous to create the word famous, which is an adjective being used to describe the actor here.

Suffixes, which create verbs, include -en, -ate, -ify, and -ise.

When you thicken the soup, the act of making something thicker, it will intensify the flavour.

That act of making that flavour more intense.

Please clarify the instructions before we finalise our plans.

Both words there are verbs.

Suffixes, which create nouns, include -tion spelled t-i-o-n, -ity and -ness, those two suffixes we are looking at today.

The celebration brought happiness to the community, happiness and community and celebration here are all nouns.

The charity were grateful for the large donation.

Again, both words here are nouns.

Abstract nouns are a type of thing, but they have no physical form.

We can't touch or see them.

Happiness, for instance, with our -ness suffix, is an abstract noun.

Bravery is also an abstract noun.

Equality, our -ity suffix is an abstract noun, and knowledge is also an abstract noun.

They are the names of ideas, qualities or states that cannot be seen or touched.

The -ity suffix creates nouns.

Do not touch the electric cable! The word electric here is describing the cable.

It is an adjective.

If I add my -ity suffix, it becomes the word electricity.

The pronunciation here changes and my c becomes soft.

Electricity helps us, but it can be dangerous too.

Here, the word electricity is a thing.

It is a noun, an abstract noun that we can't see or touch, so I've taken the word electric here, which is an adjective, and I've added my -ity suffix to create the word electricity and its word class has changed.

It's now become a noun, specifically, an abstract noun.

What are the word classes here of the words curious and curiosity? Read the sentences and see if you can figure them out.

Great job team.

The curious cat put its head into the box.

Curious, here is a describing word.

It's describing the cat, so it is therefore an adjective.

I've added my -ity suffix to curious here to create curiosity.

Notice how it's the spelling of the root word here has also changed a little bit.

We're gonna talk about that in a moment.

Curiosity killed the cat.

Curiosity here is a thing, a quality.

It's a noun, specifically an abstract noun that we cannot see or touch.

It's the thing that killed the cat.

Could you have a look here on the left hand side in the table I have root words, active, curious, electric, equal and visible.

On the outside I have some words which are nouns and they have that noun ending suffix -ity.

Could you match the root words to the nouns and have a good at saying them? Off you go.

Brilliant job.

So I'm hoping you managed to sort 'em like this.

Active has become activity.

Curious has become curiosity.

Electric has become electricity with that different pronunciation, equal has become equality, and visible has become visibility.

You may be beginning to notice that the root words have change somewhat when we've added this -ity suffix onto them, and we'll be looking at this in a bit more detail now.

The -ity suffix follows some familiar spelling rules that I'm sure you know already from adding other suffixes.

The root word ends in a consonant.

We can just add the suffix.

Humid becomes humidity, we just add the suffix, the root well ends in an e or another vowel.

We can remove that e and then add our suffix.

Active becomes activity with the removal of the e.

Have a look here for me at this table.

Read the words below.

Are we just going to add the suffix or do we need to remove the e and then add the suffix, pause the video, sort the words.

Have a go at creating the new words now, off you go.

Brilliant job team.

So I'm hoping you managed to sort 'em like this.

Equal just became equality, real became reality, and electric became electricity.

They each ended in a consonant, we just had to add our -ity suffix, creative, sensitive, there, all ended in e, so we had to remove the e and then add our -ity.

Great.

There are also irregular words and those that follow unfamiliar or different patterns.

Able becomes ability.

Hmm, something's happening here.

Stable becomes stability.

Visible becomes visibility.

Flexible becomes flexibility.

What do you notice here? Pause the video and have a think.

Great job.

Well, I'm noting here that all of these root words end in a -ble, and we lose that le at the end and it's replaced by an -ility.

Look carefully at these words.

Curious becomes curiosity.

Hmm, something's changing here.

Generous becomes generosity.

The -ous here changes to -os before the suffix is added.

So we remove the u, and look at this word, simple becomes simplicity.

This is a really, really irregular pattern where we can see here, it becomes -icity, instead of us having our le at the end.

Read through these sentences for me and choose the correct spelling of the highlighted words.

Think about the rules that we've just looked at.

Off you go.

Fantastic job team.

The reality of winning the game started to sink in.

Well, I read here is real, isn't it, R-E-A-L.

I just have to add -ity because it ends in the suffix.

We're looking at that -ity suffix.

Her curiosity led her to explore the castle.

Our root word here is curious.

What do we have to do to that u? Remove the u and then add -ity.

So curiosity.

The -ous changes to -os before our -ity suffix is added.

The activity on the beach was never-ending.

Hmm, activity here.

Well, active is our root word that ends with an e.

We have to remove that e and add -ity and his ability to solve the puzzle amazed everyone.

Able here is our root word.

Again, we lose that le and we add -ility.

Great job.

For our practise task now, we are going to have a go at spelling some words that use our suffix -ity.

Remember to sound out the words.

Think of any root words.

Remember those root words will help you with the spelling of the new word.

Think of the spelling rules for adding the suffixes that we've just looked at, and don't forget to read the word and check.

Listen to me carefully say these words.

The first word is visibility.

Number two is curiosity.

Number three is equality.

Our root word equal.

Number four is sensitivity, and number five is electricity.

I'll say this one more time.

Visibility, curiosity, equality, sensitivity, electricity.

Pause the video and have a go at writing those now.

Off you go.

Great job team.

Amazing application of the rules around adding our suffixes there.

The first word was visibility.

Visible is my root word, which ends in an e.

With that le, I need to remove that le and add my -ility, don't I? Visibility.

Brilliant.

The next word was curiosity.

Curious is my root word with that -ous, we had to remove the -ous and add an -os before adding our -ity.

Curiosity, this is our correct spelling.

The next word was equality.

For this word, we can just add our -ity to the word equal.

We don't have to double the consonants.

Here, sensitivity was our next word, sensitive, <v ->ive at the end there.

</v> We need to remove the e and add -ity, sensitivity.

And finally, electricity.

Our root word is electric.

Its pronunciation changes to become a soft c, and we just add our -ity, electricity.

How did you do there? Share your learning in any magical mistakes and make those corrections now.

Off you go.

Brilliant job, onto then our next learning cycle, which is going to be using the suffix -ness.

The suffix, -ness turns adjectives into abstract nouns.

I do not like cold showers.

The word cold here describing the shower, it's an adjective.

The coldness spreading through her body on a snowy day, here, the word coldness is a thing, a noun, and it's an abstract noun, a noun that can't be touched or seen.

What kind of word class are kind and kindness here? Read the sentences and decide.

Off you go.

Great.

The kind neighbour gave her a warm cup of tea.

The word kind here is describing the neighbour, so it's an adjective.

I am so grateful for her kindness.

The word kindness here is a thing, a quality, it's a noun and in particular, an abstract noun.

Could you match these root words to the related noun ending in the suffix -ness.

Pause the video and match them now.

Great job.

So happy has become happiness.

Sad has become sadness.

Lonely has become loneliness.

Dark has become darkness and aware has become awareness.

You may be noticing here that something has changed in some of the words and in others it has not, and we're gonna look at the rules around adding this suffix now.

The -ness suffix starts with a consonant, not a vowel.

This means the root word usually doesn't have to change when the suffix is added.

The root word, sad, for instance, can just have the -ness added straight, the abstract noun, sadness.

Ill can become illness.

Calm can become calmness.

Dark can become darkness.

Fit becomes fitness.

If the root word has more than one syllable, so more than one vowel beat, and ends in a consonant y, then the y is replaced by an i before the suffix.

Lazy, two syllables ending in a y, I remove the y, add an i and then -ness.

Happy, two syllables ending in a y.

Remove the y, add an i, and then -ness.

So we get laziness, happiness.

You can see here, we've removed the y, replaced it with an i and then added our -ness.

This rule is similar to other suffixes such as -ly, -ful and -less.

Could you put the root words here into the correct column to show what will happen when we add our suffix to them? Read the root words, put them into correct column, have a go adding that -ness suffix to create the new words.

Off you go.

Great job.

So let's see how you've managed to do them.

Sad became sadness and Ill became illness.

We just had to add our -ness suffix, happy and lazy both had two syllables.

It ended in a y, so we removed the y and added an i before adding our -ness suffix.

If the root word, remember, has more than one syllable and ends in a consonant and a y, then the y is replaced by an i before the suffix.

We are now going to have a go at writing some words that contain our -ness suffix and our abstract nouns.

When we do this, we need to remember to sound it out, think of the root word if there is a clear one, think of the spelling rules we've looked at for adding that suffix, and read the word and check.

Our first word is kindness.

Number two is loneliness.

Number three, awareness.

Number four, laziness.

And number five, illness.

I'll say those one more time.

Kindness, loneliness, awareness, laziness, illness.

Pause the video and have a good writing those now, off you go.

Great job team, really good application of our rules for adding that suffix there.

The first word was kindness.

Our root word here is kind.

We can just add our -ness suffix.

It has to have a double s.

We don't need to be adding any letters there either.

Loneliness was our next one.

Our root word is lonely.

Lonely, which ends in a y, lonely, and it has a consonant before the y and has two syllables.

What's our rule here? We remove the y, add an i, and then add our -ness suffix.

The next one was awareness.

Here our root word is aware.

For this word, we can just add -ness.

It doesn't follow many of the other patterns because it begins with a consonant, n.

We don't need to remove the e, we can just add it.

Next was laziness, lazy, two syllables, a consonant then a y, we remove the y, add an i and then -ness, and our one after that was illness, this ends in a double consonant, we can just add our -ness suffix to this one, illness, spelled like that.

Great job team, how did you do? Do you have any corrections to make? Do you make any magical mistakes? Share your learning now and make those corrections.

Off you go.

Onto our final learning cycle then, which is going to be applying the spellings that we've been looking at within a sentence.

We are going to begin this by reading some words, some curriculum words, business, my turn your turn.

Business, that is none of your business.

Opportunity.

I hope you'll give me the opportunity to prove myself.

What do you notice about these spellings? Is there anything difficult about the way that they sound compared to how they're spelled? Pause the video and have a think now.

Brilliant.

I've noticed a couple of things.

In business, there's a slightly naughty looking i there.

Business comes from the root where busy, which is spelled with a y, and the suffix -ness, and follows the same spelling rule that we've been looking at.

Busy, two syllables, a constant on followed by a y.

So we remove the y and add -iness.

You cannot hear the i in it.

You can remember it by saying it, bus-i-ness, or bus-i-ness spells business.

Try and remember this.

Opportunity has the root word opportune in it, which means lucky.

It has a double p at the start as well.

You can also see the words port and unity in it.

So which of the words that we've just read is spelled correctly? Quick-fire round.

Point to the correct spelling of business.

Excellent job.

Remember, we can say it like this, bus-i-ness.

It has that i in it.

The root word was busy.

We removed the y, added our -iness, business.

Be careful, it's not spelled exactly how it sounds.

Point to the correct spending of opportunity for me.

Off you go.

I hope you took the opportunity to point there.

Opportunity, O-P-P-O-R-T-U-N-I-T-Y.

We can see the word port and unity in it as well.

And don't forget that double p.

So you are going to listen to me say a sentence now.

Just listen to me carefully.

The young girls embraced the opportunity to start a fresh lemonade stand business, learning about responsibility at the same time, the young girls embraced the opportunity to start a fresh lemonade stand business, learning about responsibility at the same time.

So we're gonna use some strategies to help us remember the sentence because it's quite long.

We're gonna repeat the sentence several times out loud.

The young girls embraced the opportunity to start a fresh lemonade stand business, learning about responsibility at the same time.

Repeat after me.

The young girls embraced the opportunity to start a fresh lemonade stand business, learning about responsibility at the same time.

The next one is to picture what's happening in your head as I say the sentence or as you say it.

The young girls embraced the opportunity to start a fresh lemonade stand business, learning about responsibility at the same time.

And finally counting how many words there are, the young girls embraced the opportunity to start a fresh lemonade stand business, learning about responsibility at the same time.

Phew! Quite a sentence! Say that out now and count the words.

Great.

So remember to sound out each word, think about its common exceptional curriculum words.

Also check your sentence, punctuation, and of course any words that follow the rules of the suffixes we've been adding today, give consideration to.

I'll say the sentence one more time.

The young girls embraced the opportunity to start a fresh lemonade stand business, learning about responsibility at the same time.

Pause the video and write that sentence, off you go.

Incredible job team.

Really amazing handwriting, great application of the rules we've looked at today and really careful thinking about some of those harder-to-spell words that are in there.

Could you check your work and make any corrections as we go along? The, obviously needs to have capital letter, young, Y-O-U-N-G, girls embraced, which means they took on, the opportunity, (gasps) that word that we looked at as one of our curriculum words with a double p, with the words port and unity inside of it, to start a fresh lemonade stand business.

Ooh! Another of those curriculum words.

But it also follows that -ness suffix rule that we've been looking at today.

Business, that noun.

Remember, busy, two syllables ending in a y.

Remove the y add -iness, learning about responsibility, responsible is our root word here, ending in le.

Remove the le and add -ility, responsibility at the same time, and of course, a full stop.

And we also had a comma here to separate the subordinate non-finite clause at the end here, learning about responsibility at the same time.

What did you learn here? How did you get on, particularly with those words opportunity, business and responsibility? Share your learning now and make any corrections.

Off you go.

Great job in spelling today, team, we've been looking at the suffixes, -ity and -ness and how they turn words from adjectives into nouns, specifically abstract nouns, those types of nouns that we can't touch or see.

When a word ends in a consonant, we can just add the suffix -ity.

When a word ends in an e, we remove the e and then add our suffix -ity.

There are other patterns and irregular words like ability and simplicity, remember, for most words, we can just add the suffix, -ness, because it begins with a consonant.

But when a word ends in a y, we replace the y with an i and then add the suffix -ness.

Keep up the great spelling, keep up the practise and see if you can spot any of these abstract nouns in your writing and your reading.

See you again soon.