Lesson video

Hello, and welcome to today's spelling lesson.

I'm Mr. Moss, I love spelling and I can't wait to teach you.

With you today, you need bring your looking eyes, your listening ears, and your thinking brains.

As well as that, something to write with and write on would be great, and having something or someone to talk to would also be excellent.

Alright then, let's crack on with today's lesson.

In today's lesson, we're going to be turning nouns and adjectives into verbs using the suffixes -ate and -en.

The outcome will be, "I can spell words using the suffixes -ate and -en." Here are the key words for today's learning.

My turn, your turn.

"Suffix," "root word," "adjective," "noun," "verb." Brilliant.

Let's have a chat about what these words mean then.

A suffix is a letter or group of letters added to the end of a word to change its meaning.

The root word is the base word from which other words are formed, often by adding prefixes or suffixes.

An adjective describes a noun.

It tells you what it's like.

A noun is the naming word for people, places, or things.

A verb is a doing, being, or having word.

So today, we're turning nouns and adjectives into verbs using the suffixes -ate and -en.

We're gonna begin by looking at adding the suffix -ate.

Then we're going to add the suffix -en.

And finally, we're gonna apply the spellings that we've looked at today within a sentence.

Let's get on with adding the suffix -ate towards them.

A suffix, remember, is a letter or group of letters that we add to the end of a word which creates another word.

Unlike prefixes, which come at the beginning, suffixes often change the word's tense or word class.

And this idea of word class changing is going to be very important in today's lesson.

Let's have a look at some suffixes in action - "offer." Here is my root word.

If I add the "-ed" suffix, it creates the new word "offered." "Joy," if I add the suffix "-ful," it creates the word "joyful." "Box," if I add the "-ing" suffix, it becomes "boxing." There are lots of different types of suffix, and there are different suffixes can create words with different word classes.

Suffixes, which create adjectives, include -er, -est, and -ous.

Let's look at some of these in action.

"The greener apples are the sweetest." "Greener" are my comparative adjective and "sweetest," my superlative adjective.

"He is a famous actor." "Famous" here, with that -ous suffix, is an adjective being used to describe my noun, the actor." Suffixes, which create verbs, include -en, -ate, -ify and -ise.

Let's look at some of these in action.

"When you thicken the soup, it will intensify the flavour." So "thicken" and "intensify" here are verbs.

"Please clarify the instructions before we finalise the plan." And suffixes, which create nouns, include -tion, -ity and -ness.

Let's look at some of these in action.

"The celebration brought happiness to the community." "The charity were grateful for the large donation." All of those words there in that purple colour are nouns.

With that in mind, could you please match the words to the word class? Look carefully at the suffixes.

Consider also their word class.

"Joyous," "celebration," "finalise," "widen." Are they a noun, verb, or adjective? Remember, a noun is a PPT, a person, place or thing.

A verb is a doing, being, or having word.

And an adjective describes a noun.

It tells you what it's like.

Pause video now, match those words to their word class.

Fantastic, team.

"Joyous" then -ous is an adjective.

It is a describing word.

Celebration, "-tion," that -tion suffix is a noun.

"Finalise," -ise is a verb.

And "widen," the act of making something wider.

"I'm going to widen the gap," is a verb as well.

It's a doing word.

Brilliant.

Let's have a read of some words then.

My turn, your turn.

"Activate," "pollinate," "deepen," "strengthen," "apologise," "modernise," "purify," "beautify." All of these words end with the suffixes <v ->ate, -en, -ise, and -ify.

</v> These are what we would call, my turn, your turn, "verb suffixes" that transform our root words into a verb.

They often change the meaning to an action or process related to the quality of the root word.

The suffix is -ate, -en, -ify, and -ise, which are found in verbs often mean "to make" or "to become." "Decorate," for instance, is to make something more attractive.

To improve its "decor," which is our root word.

"Sweeten" is to make something sweet.

Our root word here is "sweet." If we "sweeten" something by adding our -en suffix, it's that action of making something sweet.

"Simplify" is to make something more simple.

And "modernise" is to become more modern.

Some words ending in our suffix -ate, will have root words that we can recognise but some won't.

"Create," "activate," "decorate," "pollinate," "hesitate," "locate," "educate." Do any of these have root words that you know? Pause a video and have a think.

Fantastic, some great thinking going on there.

Here are some that I've noticed: "active," "decor," and "pollen," I can recognise in the words "activate," "decorate," and "pollinate." Be careful with "pollinate" because that E in "pollen" changes to an I.

Can you think of any other linked words? Well, I've spotted that with "create," "hesitate," "locate," and "educate," they're linked in meaning with "creation," "hesitation," "education," and "location," with those -tion suffixes.

Words connected by a root word usually have related meanings and spellings.

Look at how the meaning of these words are connected.

We have here the root word "active." The word "active" describes someone or something that is energetic, moving, or working.

Then we have our -ate suffix added to it to create "activate." The word "activate" means to cause something, to start working or to make something active.

They are related in meaning.

The -ate suffix turns nouns or adjectives into verbs.

So, "The active child is always running." The word "active" here is an adjective that's describing the child.

If I then add my -ate suffix to create the word "activate," "Pressing the button will activate the alarm," the word "activate" now is a verb.

It is a doing word, but it's a linked-in meaning to that original root word "active," and the word class has changed.

Word class are formula and formulate in these two sentences.

Read the sentences and see if you can figure out their word class and how it's changed.

Pause the video.

Great job, team.

So "formula" is a thing, it's a noun.

And "formulate" then is a verb.

The word formulate refers to the action of creating a plan.

It's a doing word, a verb.

So our root word here was "formula." We've added our -ate suffix, and its word class has changed from being a noun to a verb.

The suffix -ate begins with a vowel, that vowel being "a." This means it follows similar spelling patterns to other suffixes, such as -ing, -ed, -er, and -est, because they all begin with vowels.

What happens to these root word when the suffix -ate is added then? Let's have a look.

"Active," adding an -ate suffix to become "activate." Oh, I've removed a letter.

Have a look here, "formula" to create my verb "formulate." The action of coming up of a plan.

Do you see what's happened here? The final vowel, my E and my A have been removed before the suffix has been added, 'cause we don't want to have two vowels next to each other.

This is similar to "make" becoming "making" with the removal of the E and "race" becoming "raced." Again, with the removal of our final vowel in the root word.

What happens to these root words, when the suffix -ate is added? "Medic" becoming "medicate." "Origin" becoming "originate." "Pollen" becoming "pollinate." Watch out in particular for "pollinate," because the E there in "pollen" that's found on plants has become an I.

Our rule here is our suffix -ate has just been added on.

And this is because these root words all end with a consonant and not a vowel.

What will the spelling of these words be when the suffix -ate is added? I hope you've been paying attention.

How will I spell "elasticate?" How will I spell "motivate?" Pause the video and have a think now.

Great job, team.

So "elastic" is my root word there for "elasticate," ends in a consonant so add just that -ate.

"Motive" becoming "motivate." Oh, it ends in a vowel, so I remove the E and I add -ate.

So with the first one, we just add the suffix.

With the second one, we remove the final vowel of our root word and then add our -ate suffix.

Remember, the spelling of the root word helps us to spell the new verb.

The spellings and meanings are also connected between "elastic" and "elasticate," "motive" and "motivate." So I'd like you to have a look at these root words here.

"Medic," "formula," "active," and "elastic." I'd like you to add the suffix -ate to each word, then match it to the rule that it follows.

Pause the video and do this now.

Brilliant job, team.

So "medic" ends in a consonant.

So to become "medicate," my verb, I just have to add -ate.

"Formula" ends in a vowel, so I have to remove that vowel and then add -ate.

"Active" also ends in a vowel E so I have to remove that vowel and then add -ate for "activate." And "elastic" ends in a consonant so I just have to add -ate, just adding my suffix.

For our practise task now, we're going to have a go at spelling words that ending in suffix -ate.

Remember, sound out the word.

Think of the root word if there is a clear one.

Think of the spelling rules we've looked at, and think about how that root word ends.

And then also, read the word and check it back.

Do this really carefully for me.

Listen carefully to the words I'm going to say now.

The first word is "decorate." Say that for me, "decorate." "I was asked to decorate my room." Number two is "motivate." Motivate.

Number three is "captivate." "He was able to captivate his audience." Number four, "formulate." "I was able to formulate the answer." And number five, "educate." I'll say these one more time.

"Decorate," "motivate," "captivate," "formulate," "educate." Pause the video, off you go.

Excellent job, team.

Incredible application of the suffix rules that we've been looking at today.

So I've seen "decorate" written in these ways.

Now, let's think about what our root word here is.

It's "decor," isn't it? Which is that noun, decor.

So D-E-C-O-R, ending in that consonant R.

So we just have to add the -ate, "decorate." So our correct spelling here is "decorate." The next one was "motivate." Now, "motive" here is my root word.

Now, this ends in a naughty letter, an E, a vowel.

If it ends in a vowel, we have to remove the vowel E and add -ate to spell "motivate." The next word was "captivate," "captive." Okay, here is my root word also ending in an E.

So I have to remove the E and add -ate, "captivate." This is the correct spelling.

Our next one was "formulate." "Formula" ending in an "a" there at the end was our root word.

So we need to remove the "a" and add -ate 'cause it's a vowel.

This is our correct spelling in "formulate," the action of coming up with a plan.

And "educate." " Education" is a linked word here that I'm sure you might know how to spell.

So let's think about that - "educayt" or "educate." I think these all make phonetic sense, but the correct one is this one here - "educate." There's no clear and obvious root word there.

We can make links there with words like "education." Great, how did you do? Do you have any corrections to make? Pause the video.

Share your learning, and make those corrections now.

Onto our next learning cycle then, which is going to be adding the suffix -en to words.

Look at how the meaning of these words are connected.

"Length," the measurement of something from end to end.

"Lengthen," with our -en suffix now to make something longer, to increase its length.

They are linked in meaning.

We've added the -en suffix to the end of the root word "length." The -en suffix turns nouns or adjectives into verbs.

"The length of this table is two metres." The word "lengthier" is a noun, it is a thing.

"I will lengthen this dress with extra fabric." The word "lengthen" is a verb.

It's a doing word, which means "to make something longer." They are linked in meaning.

What word class are "flat" and "flatten?" "The landscape was flat with no heels." "The chef used a rolling pin to flatten the dough." Pause the video and think about what word class they each are.

Brilliant.

"The landscape was flat no hills." "Flat" here is describing the landscape.

So it's an adjective, a describing word.

"The chef used a rolling to flatten the dough." That's an action, isn't it? The word "flatten" refers to the action of making something flat.

It's a doing word, so it's a verb.

So here, the addition of our -en suffix has changed our root word "flat," which was an adjective into a verb.

The suffix, -en begins with a vowel, doesn't it? The vowel E.

So it's really similar to the spelling patterns for adding the suffixes -ing and -ed.

"Lengthen," "soften," be careful with that one because we don't say "sof-ten," we say "soften." Sounds like the T is not there.

"Brighten," "ripen," "sadden," "flatten," "sharpen." Make something sharper.

Can you recognise any rules from these words when adding up -en suffix? Pause the video and have a think.

Excellent, I could see some really great thinking going on there, and some really great recognising of some of the root words.

So let's look really closely at adding this -en suffix.

What happens to these root words when the suffix -en is added? "Length" becomes "lengthen." "Sharp" becomes "sharpen." Do you see what's happening here? "Deep" becomes "deepen," another verb.

The suffix is just added on here.

The root word ends in a consonant, and there's not a short vowel sound here.

So here, our rules are just add the suffix -en.

What happens to these root words then? Look carefully.

"Wide" becomes "widen." "Awake" becomes "awaken." The final E here is removed before the suffix is added.

These root words end in a vowel.

And remember, our suffix begins in a vowel.

So we just have to remove the final vowel in our root word and then add our -en suffix.

So here, our rule is, remove the final vowel, then add the suffix.

So with those rules in mind, what will the spelling of these words be when the suffix -en is added? Remember to look carefully at the root word.

Pause the video and have a think.

Great, "tight" ends in a T, and it's not a short vowel sound so we just add -en.

"Ripe" ends in an E.

So to create a verb "ripen," we have to remove the E before adding our -en suffix.

So remember, our rules here are, if it ends in a consonant, just add that suffix.

And if it ends in a vowel, remove the final vowel and then add our suffix.

The spelling of the root word helps us to spell the new verbs.

The spellings and meanings are often connected as well, remember.

Look at these though.

What happens to these root words when the suffix -en is added? "Flat" becomes "flatten." "Sad" becomes "sadden." Here, the final consonant is doubled before we add our -en suffix.

And this is because these root words contain a short vowel: "a," "e," "i," "o," "u." Flat, "aa"; "sad," "aa." So we double that final single consonant before adding our suffix.

So our rule here is double the consonant and then add the suffix.

So let's have a look now at some root words, and consider that root word's spelling and what we need to do to is, before adding our -en suffix to create our verbs.

The root word here is "tight." How will I spell "tighten?" And which rule will I use? Pause the video and have a think.

Brilliant job, team.

So this word here, it's not a short vowel sample for my continent, so I just have to add -en.

So my rule that I'm using here is rule A.

Brilliant.

The next word is "loose." How would I spell "loosen," the verb "loosen?" Consider that root word.

Select from A, B, C now and have a good at spelling "loosen." Off you go.

Great job, team.

So "loosen" ends in an E, doesn't it? So I need to remove that final vowel and then add my -en.

So my rule was "B".

And finally, "glad." I want to create the word "gladden." That verb, to make happier, "gladden." Think about the vowel sound there.

How would I spell "gladden?" Which rule I use? Off you go.

Excellent, "gladden," "aa," short vowel sound.

I need to double that final consonant and then add -en.

So the rule was C.

Amazing.

We are now gonna have a go at spelling some words that use the suffix -en.

Remember too, sound it out.

Think of the root word.

Think of spelling rules that we've just looked at for adding the suffix.

And read the word and check and see if you're happy with its spelling.

Just listen to me say the words, first of all.

Remember that these are all verbs.

Number one, "lengthen," the action of making something longer.

Number two, "sadden." Number three, "sharpen." "Please sharpen your pencil for me." Number four, "loosen." And number five, "gladden." So I'll say this one more time.

"Lengthen," "sadden," "sharpen," "loosen," "gladden." Pause the video now and have a go at writing those.

Brilliant job, team.

Really good application there, of the rules we've looked at for adding this -en suffix.

I also love seeing children give consideration to the root words and also reading their words back to check.

So the first one was "lengthen," "lengthen." Our root word here is "length," isn't it? L-E-N-G-T-H, length, ending there in a, we just have to add -en here because it ends in that consonant.

I appreciate that sometimes, it might sound like "lengthen," with the -in, but it's that -en suffix because we're looking at that verb ending, aren't we? That verb suffix ending.

The next one was "sadden." The action of making something "sadder," "sadden." "Aa," my root word here is "sad." We're a short vowel ending a single consonant.

I have to double that consonant and add -en.

The next one is "sharpen." Ooh, that just ends in that "rp", doesn't it? Sharpen.

And it's not a short vowel sound there in a single consonant, so I just have to add -en, "sharpen" as in "sharpen the pencil." Then we have "loosen." My root word here is "loose," which has that E at the end, and it's L-O-O-S-E.

I have to remove that vowel and then add -en.

So my correct spelling is this one here for loosen.

So that action of making something looser.

And "gladden." "Gladden," "aa".

Short vowel sound, a single consonant, double the D, add -en as my verb suffix there.

How did you do? Do you have any corrections to make? Pause the video, make those corrections now.

Great job.

Onto then our final learning cycle, which is applying spellings within a sentence.

We are going to read some words now.

My turn, your turn.

"Separate," "separate." "Desperate," "desperate." "Communicate," "communicate." These are some curriculum words which have some slightly tricky elements to them.

It's really important we know to confidently read, write and spell them.

What do you notice about these spellings that might be a bit tricky? Pause the video and have a think.

Great.

I've noticed a few things about them.

There is an "ar" in the middle of "separate." We could say, there is "a rat" in "separate," "se-pa-rate." However, there's an "er" in the middle of "desperate." They both sound quite similar, but there's different spellings there.

Saying the word slowly how they're spelt can help us.

"Sep-ar-ate" for "separate." "Des-pe-rate." Can really help us there.

"Sep-ar-ate." "Desp-er-ate." Can really help us know that it's an "ar" in separate and an "er" in desperate, even though they sound really similar.

And in "communicate," there's a double M, like in the word "community." Watch out for that.

Let's take a snapshot now of these words.

"Separate," "desperate," "communicate." Remember what's tricky about them, 'cause I'm about to test you.

With that in mind, which of the words that we've just read is spelled correctly here? Point to the correct spelling of "separate." Excellent job, team.

Separate.

Remember, there's a "rat" in "separate." "Sep-a-rate." Correct spelling is this one here.

Which is a correct spelling of "desperate?" Point to it now.

Great job.

"Des-per-ate." Remember, it has a different spelling to "separate." "Desperate," that P-E-R-A-T-E.

And finally, which is our correct spelling of "communicate?" Great, "communicate." Double M, like the word "community." Communicate - C-O-M-M-U-N-I-C-A-T-E.

So listen to me say a sentence now.

We're gonna practise writing a sentence that contains some of the words that we've been looking at so far in this lesson.

You should use your amazing hearing.

Just listen to me to say the sentence a number of times first.

"As he was desperate to educate himself further on the subject, he decided to read more to deepen his knowledge".

"As he was desperate to educate himself further on the subject, he decided to read more to deepen his knowledge." So we're gonna use some strategies to help us remember this sentence now.

The first one is just to repeat it several times out loud.

"As he was desperate to educate himself further on the subject, he decided to read more to deepen his knowledge." "As he was desperate to educate himself further on the subject, he decided to read more to deepen his knowledge." The next one is to picture what's happening in your head.

Do this as you say it or as I say it, and imagine what's happening.

"As he was desperate to educate himself further on the subject he decided to read more to deepen his knowledge." I wonder what you pictured there.

And finally, counting how many words there are.

"As he was desperate to educate himself further on the subject, he decided to read more to deepen his knowledge." Brilliant.

So you need to sound out each word.

Think about these common exceptional curriculum words, 'cause there's one or two in there.

And think about the suffixes we've been looking at today.

And don't forget, of course, to check your sentence punctuation.

There's full stops and any other punctuation in there.

I'll say the sentence one more time.

"As he was desperate to educate himself further on the subject, he decided to read more to deepen his knowledge." Pause the video and have a go at writing that now.

Excellent job, team.

Some incredible handwriting.

Check your work and make any spelling or punctuation corrections now as I go through the sentence, "As" obviously needs to have a capital letter.

"He was desperate." Now, that was one of those curriculum words we looked at.

"Des-pe-rate." Remember, saying it as it looks can help us.

It's that P-E-R in the middle, -ate at the end.

Two, "educate." Remember, "educate." <v ->Ate is my suffix here.

</v> "Himself further on the subject." And we have to have a comma here.

"He decided." Be careful with that word.

It's that soft C there.

"Decided to read more to deepen." My root word here is deep ending in that consonant.

And it's not proceeded by a short vowel, so we just have to add -en.

"His knowledge." Also, be careful with that word.

There's "know," as in I know, K-N-O-W, that naughty K in knowledge.

And we have a comma here to separate our subordinate adverbial clause from our main clause.

"As he was desperate to educate himself further on the subject he decided to read more to deepen his knowledge." How did you get on there? Particularly with our curriculum word "desperate" and the suffix words that we've been looking at are verb suffixes, "educate" and "deepen." What did you learn? What magical mistakes have you made? Share your learning and make any corrections now.

Off you go.

Excellent job in spelling today, team.

Today, we've been looking at the suffixes -en and -ate, and how they often turn adjectives and nouns into verbs.

When the root word ends in a consonant, remember, we just often have to add our suffix.

When the root word ends in a vowel, we have to remove that final vowel and then add our suffix.

And when the root word has a short vowel, we double the final consonant and add our suffix.

Keep up the great spelling, and I'll see you again soon.